高造浆膨润土制备及其性能评价
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摘要
安徽铜陵市蕴含地质储量达15 000万t的低品位钙基膨润土,蒙脱石平均含量50%~80%,现主要用于附加值较低的球团土和铸造土。将这种低品位钙基膨润土先通过悬浮和挤压综合钠化改型工艺,再添加一定量的超高分子量聚丙烯酸钠(PAA-Na)和轻烧氧化镁(MgO)组成的有机-无机复合增黏剂,以及由小分子水解聚丙烯腈钠盐与腐植酸接枝聚合的专用流变性调节剂(HmPS),制备出了符合水平穿越钻井(HDD)使用要求的高造浆膨润土。分析了钠化工艺和增效添加剂对HDD造浆土的黏度(600)、动塑比(YP/PV)、综合流变性能以及成本等的影响,优化得到了具有较好性价比的工艺配方。优化工艺下的HDD造浆土性能600读数大于100dia,YP/PV小于1.5,30min的API滤失量小于15mL。铜陵钙基膨润土改性制备成HDD高造浆膨润土,可将产品附加值提高到1 000元/t左右,利润率提高2~3倍,实现了低品位膨润土资源的高附加值利用。
150million tons of low grade calcium base bentonite are reserved in Tongling of Anhui Province with an average content of montmorillonite between 50%and 80%.The Tongling bentonite is mainly used as pellet soil and molding soil with low added value.In this study,the low grade calcium base bentonite was sodiummodified through suspension and extrusion methods,then added three additives including organic-inorganic mixed viscosifier which is composed of ultra-high molecular weight sodium polyacrylate,light-burned magnesia and a homemade rheology modifier HmPS synthesized from humic acid and small molecular weight partially hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile.High yield bentonite that meets the standard of horizontal directional drilling(HDD)was prepared through the above technical process.After analyzing the effect of sodium-modified treatments and additives on apparent viscosity(600),ratio of yield point to plastic viscosity(YP/PV),rheology behavior and the cost of HDD,a more cost efficient technical formulation was achieved.The performances of the product reach the standard:600>100dia,YP/PV<1.5,API filter loss<15mL/30min.When the calcium base bentonite from Tongling is made into high yield bentonite used in HDD,the added value of the product could reach about 1000RMB/ton and the profit margin will be 2-3times higher than before.This would be an example of making low grade bentonite into the product with considerable economic benefits.
150million tons of low grade calcium base bentonite are reserved in Tongling of Anhui Province with an average content of montmorillonite between 50%and 80%.The Tongling bentonite is mainly used as pellet soil and molding soil with low added value.In this study,the low grade calcium base bentonite was sodiummodified through suspension and extrusion methods,then added three additives including organic-inorganic mixed viscosifier which is composed of ultra-high molecular weight sodium polyacrylate,light-burned magnesia and a homemade rheology modifier HmPS synthesized from humic acid and small molecular weight partially hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile.High yield bentonite that meets the standard of horizontal directional drilling(HDD)was prepared through the above technical process.After analyzing the effect of sodium-modified treatments and additives on apparent viscosity(600),ratio of yield point to plastic viscosity(YP/PV),rheology behavior and the cost of HDD,a more cost efficient technical formulation was achieved.The performances of the product reach the standard:600>100dia,YP/PV<1.5,API filter loss<15mL/30min.When the calcium base bentonite from Tongling is made into high yield bentonite used in HDD,the added value of the product could reach about 1000RMB/ton and the profit margin will be 2-3times higher than before.This would be an example of making low grade bentonite into the product with considerable economic benefits.
引文
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[18]汤松然,汪仲英,于增国,等.人工钠土工艺流程:中国,85105253A[P].1987-04-15.
[19]孙忠.一种用钙基膨润土生产钠基膨润土的方法:中国,1061946C[P].2011-02-14.
[20]严春杰,陈洁渝,谌刚.干法制备高膨胀性能膨润土的方法:中国,1724355A[P].2006-01-25.
[21]李歌,马鸿文,王红丽,等.相混合计算法确定蒙脱石含量的对比研究[J].地学前缘,2011,18(1):216-220.
[2]中国五矿化工进出口商会.世界膨润土生产消费及国际贸易[EB/OL].(2010-07-30)[2012-12-21].http:∥www.cccmc.org.cn.
[3]Caenn R,Darley H C H,Gray G R.Composition and Properties of Drilling and Completion Fluids[M].6th ed.Massachusetts:Gulf Professional Publishing,2011.
[4]Konta J.Clay and man:Clay raw materials in the service of man[J].Applied Clay Science,1995(10):275-335.
[5]Theng K G.Fomation and Properties of Clay-polymer Complexes[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientific Publishing,1979.
[6]Slein J A,Fitch A.Effect of clay type on the diffusion properties of clay-modified electrode[J].Clays and Clay Mineral,1996,44(3):381-387.
[7]牟伯中,罗平亚.黏土-水分散体系的黏度方程[J].胶体与聚合物,2001,19(1):62-72.
[8]David W.Horizontal Directional Drilling:Utility and Pipeline Applications[M].New York:McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing,2005:6.
[9]傅思峰,徐志杰,武富强,等.浅谈我国非开挖技术发展[J].非开挖技术,2006,23(2):21-22.
[10]Zhang Y Z,Zhang J M,Shi Z J.Application and development of numerical simulation for under-ground horizontal directional wectional drilling[J].Journal of Coal Science&Engineering,2012,18(1):101-107.
[11]徐新,耿志宏.非开挖水平定向钻进施工钻井液研究及工程应用[J].能源技术管理,2010(3):119-121.
[12]傅思峰,节昌录.水平定向钻进管道施工技术总结[J].非开挖技术,2005,22(2):26-28.
[13]王建钧,曹净,刘海明,等.水平定向钻进技术[J].西部探矿工程,2008(3):48-49.
[14]苗春省.X射线定量相分析方法及应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.
[15]苗春省.蒙脱石的X射线定量分析方法的探讨[J].矿物学报,1983,3(4):281-287.
[16]曹明礼,于阳辉,袁继组.膨润土的钠化改型研究[J].矿冶工程,2001,21(2):24-25.
[17]Donald A H.Method of upgrading crude sodium bentonite:美国,25378781A[P].1983-02-01.
[18]汤松然,汪仲英,于增国,等.人工钠土工艺流程:中国,85105253A[P].1987-04-15.
[19]孙忠.一种用钙基膨润土生产钠基膨润土的方法:中国,1061946C[P].2011-02-14.
[20]严春杰,陈洁渝,谌刚.干法制备高膨胀性能膨润土的方法:中国,1724355A[P].2006-01-25.
[21]李歌,马鸿文,王红丽,等.相混合计算法确定蒙脱石含量的对比研究[J].地学前缘,2011,18(1):216-220.