河西走廊水资源变化与生态环境时空关联分析
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摘要
[目的]对河西走廊地区2003—2015年水资源和生态环境的时空变化规律以及时空关联关系进行分析,为该区水资源合理开发利用及实现生产、生活和生态可持续发展提供科学依据。[方法]利用GRACE重力卫星数据、TRMM降水数据与MODIS的植被指数数据,通过线性回归与相关性分析等方法,分别对河西走廊整体、3个流域分区和像元尺度的水资源变化与生态环境时空变化规律及其相互作用机制进行分析。[结果]年尺度上河西走廊及3个流域分区的水储量均呈现下降趋势,黑河流域与石羊河流域下降速度最大。研究区历年降水趋势稳定无明显变化,植被呈正增长趋势。月尺度上水储量变化与降水量和植被指数呈正相关,年尺度上水储量变化量与降水量不存在相关关系,与植被指数年均值存在高度负相关,并表现出明显的空间异质性和尺度效应。[结论]研究区人工植被尤其是耕地的快速、持续上升,加大了水资源的消耗,造成水储量逐年下降。
[Objective] The temporal and spatial variation of water resources and ecological environment in Hexi Corridor as well as their spatial and temporal correlation from 2003 to 2015 were analyzed in order to provide scientific basis for promoting reasonable development and utilization of water resources and realizing sustainable development of production, life, and ecology in the study area. [Methods] Based on the GRACE gravity satellite, TRMM precipitation, and MODIS vegetation index data, this study investigated the spatiotemporal variations of water resources and ecological environment as well as their interaction mechanisms in the pixel, watershed, and region levels, using the linear regression and correlation analysis. [Results] The annual water storage in the Hexi Corridor and its three watershed areas presented a downward trend with the highest decline rate in the Heihe and Shiyang basins. There had nonsignificant trend in the precipitation in the study area, and the vegetation presented an increasing trend. The monthly water storage was positively correlated with monthly precipitation and NDVI. The annual water storage was independent of annual precipitation, while it was highly negatively correlated with annual averaged NDVI, and this relationship presented apparent spatial heterogeneity and scale dependent. [Conclusion] The rapid and continuous increase in the artificial vegetation, especially in the cultivated land, accelerated the water resources consumption and caused the decrease in annual water reserves in study area.
[Objective] The temporal and spatial variation of water resources and ecological environment in Hexi Corridor as well as their spatial and temporal correlation from 2003 to 2015 were analyzed in order to provide scientific basis for promoting reasonable development and utilization of water resources and realizing sustainable development of production, life, and ecology in the study area. [Methods] Based on the GRACE gravity satellite, TRMM precipitation, and MODIS vegetation index data, this study investigated the spatiotemporal variations of water resources and ecological environment as well as their interaction mechanisms in the pixel, watershed, and region levels, using the linear regression and correlation analysis. [Results] The annual water storage in the Hexi Corridor and its three watershed areas presented a downward trend with the highest decline rate in the Heihe and Shiyang basins. There had nonsignificant trend in the precipitation in the study area, and the vegetation presented an increasing trend. The monthly water storage was positively correlated with monthly precipitation and NDVI. The annual water storage was independent of annual precipitation, while it was highly negatively correlated with annual averaged NDVI, and this relationship presented apparent spatial heterogeneity and scale dependent. [Conclusion] The rapid and continuous increase in the artificial vegetation, especially in the cultivated land, accelerated the water resources consumption and caused the decrease in annual water reserves in study area.
引文
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[20] 韦惠兰,罗万云.沙化封禁区农田生态系统服务价值变化及其影响因素:以河西走廊8县市为例[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(6):189-196.
[21] 牛赟,陈斌,李秉新,等.黑河中游荒漠植物生长与降水、土壤水和地下水的关系[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(3):98-104.
[2] Charles J V?r?smarty,Green P,Salisbury J,et al.Global water resources:Vulnerability from climate change and population growth[J].Science,2000,289(5477):284-288.
[3] 曹艳萍,南卓铜.GRACE重力卫星数据的水文应用综述[J].遥感技术与应用,2011,26(5):543-553.
[4] 罗志才,周浩,李琼,等.基于GRACEKBRR数据的动力积分法反演时变重力场模型[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(6):1994-2005.
[5] 姚朝龙.联合GRACE和水文气象数据研究自然与人为因素对区域水储量变化的影响[D].湖北武汉:武汉大学,2017.
[6] 周旭华,吴斌,彭碧波,等.全球水储量变化的GRACE卫星检测[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1644-1650.
[7] 段建宾,钟敏,闫昊明,等.利用重力卫星观测资料解算中国大陆水储量变化[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(3):68-71.
[8] 邢乐林,刘晓玲,张守建,等.利用GRACE时变重力场监测中国及周边地区的水储量变化[J].海洋测绘,2007,27(2):34-36.
[9] 叶叔华,苏晓莉,平劲松,等.基于GRACE卫星测量得到的中国及其周边地区陆地水量变化[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2011,41(5):1580-1586.
[10] 李世明,程国栋,李元红,等.河西走廊水资源合理利用与生态环境保护[M].河南郑州:黄河水利出版社,2002.
[11] 梅锦山.河西走廊生态保护战略研究[J].水资源保护,2014(5):21-25.
[12] 李志刚.河西走廊人居环境保护与发展模式研究[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.
[13] 钟敏,段建宾,许厚泽,等.利用卫星重力观测研究近5年中国陆地水量中长空间尺度的变化趋势[J].科学通报,2009,54(9):1290-1294.
[14] 常跟应,张文侠.基于生态文明的疏勒河流域大规模移民反思[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2014,50(3):405-409.
[15] 许民,张世强,王建,等.利用GRACE重力卫星监测祁连山水储量时空变化[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(3):458-467.
[16] 肖乾广,肖岚,李亚君.EOS/MODIS,FY-1D/MVISR,NOAA/AVHRR的归一化植被指数的同化研究[C]//全国遥感信息综合研究与深化应用交流研讨会.2009.
[17] 周兆叶,宜树华,叶柏生,等.疏勒河上游冻土区高寒草地NDVI分布特征及制约因素分析[J].草业科学,2012,29(5):671-675.
[18] 邹明亮.基于GRACE的疏勒河流域水资源—生态环境时空耦合关系研究[D].甘肃兰州:兰州大学,2018.
[19] 张建永,李扬,赵文智,等.河西走廊生态格局演变跟踪分析[J].水资源保护,2015,31(3):5-10.
[20] 韦惠兰,罗万云.沙化封禁区农田生态系统服务价值变化及其影响因素:以河西走廊8县市为例[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(6):189-196.
[21] 牛赟,陈斌,李秉新,等.黑河中游荒漠植物生长与降水、土壤水和地下水的关系[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(3):98-104.