基于投影寻踪-云模型法的碾压混凝土坝综合变形监控指标拟定
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摘要
针对传统单测点变形监控指标反映坝体整体结构变形性态的不足,以西北高寒地区某碾压混凝土重力坝为例,采用投影寻踪法对大坝典型断面多测点水平位移序列进行降维处理,得到位移投影值及权重位移序列,计算出加权位移值并运用云模型拟定该重力坝典型坝段运行期综合变形监控指标,研究了坝体加权位移值与环境因子变化规律的相关性,实现了大坝运行期安全性态与定量监测之间的映射关系.结果表明:该方法反映了典型断面多测点变形的相关性,弥补了单测点拟定变形指标的不足.由"3E_n规则"拟定的变形监控指标为15.007 mm,与典型小概率法拟定值较接近,且均大于测点水平加权位移极大值.
Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional single point deformation monitoring index reflecting deformation status of dam overall structure, taking a roller compacted concrete(RCC) gravity dam in the alpine region of Northwest China as an example, using projection pursuit method, the horizontal displacement sequence of multi-measuring points of typical dam section is reduced.The displacement projection value and the weight displacement sequence are obtained, the weighted displacement value is calculated, and the cloud model is used to formulate the comprehensive deformation monitoring index during the operation period of RCC dam. The correlation between the displacement value of the dam body and the variation of environmental factors is studied, so as to realize the mapping relationship between the safety status and the quantitative monitoring during the dam operation. The results show that this method reflects the correlation of the deformation of multiple measuring points in a typical section, and makes up for the inadequacy of the single deformation measurement. The deformation monitoring index developed by "3E_n rule" is 15.007 mm, which is close to the proposed value of typical small probability method; and both of them are larger than the horizontal weighted displacement maximum value of measuring point.
Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional single point deformation monitoring index reflecting deformation status of dam overall structure, taking a roller compacted concrete(RCC) gravity dam in the alpine region of Northwest China as an example, using projection pursuit method, the horizontal displacement sequence of multi-measuring points of typical dam section is reduced.The displacement projection value and the weight displacement sequence are obtained, the weighted displacement value is calculated, and the cloud model is used to formulate the comprehensive deformation monitoring index during the operation period of RCC dam. The correlation between the displacement value of the dam body and the variation of environmental factors is studied, so as to realize the mapping relationship between the safety status and the quantitative monitoring during the dam operation. The results show that this method reflects the correlation of the deformation of multiple measuring points in a typical section, and makes up for the inadequacy of the single deformation measurement. The deformation monitoring index developed by "3E_n rule" is 15.007 mm, which is close to the proposed value of typical small probability method; and both of them are larger than the horizontal weighted displacement maximum value of measuring point.
引文
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[19] 姜秋香,付强,王子龙. 基于粒子群优化投影寻踪模型的区域土地资源承载力综合评价[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(11):319-324. Jiang Qiuxiang,Fu Qiang,Wang Zilong. Comprehensive evalution of regional land resources carrying capacity based on projection pursuit model optimized by particle swarm optimization[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(11):319-324.
[20] 张学喜,王国体,张明. 基于加速遗传算法的投影寻踪评价模型在边坡稳定性评价中的应用[J]. 合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,31(3):430-432. Zhang Xuexi,Wang Guoti,Zhang Ming. Application of PPE model based on accelerating genetic algorithm in the evaluation of slope stability[J]. Journal of Heifei University of Technology (Natural Science),2008,31(3):430-432.
[21] 龚纯,王正林. 精通MATLAB最优化计算[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2012:176-180. Gong Chun,Wang Zhenglin. Proficient in MATLAB Optimization Calculation[M].Beijing:Electronic Industry Press,2012:176-180.
[2] SL 601-2013混凝土坝安全监测技术规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013:6-7. SL 601-2013 Technique Specification for Concrete Dam Safety Monitoring[S].Beijing:China Water & Power Press,2013:6-7.
[3] 吴中如.水工建筑物安全监控理论及其应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:6-9. Wu Zhongru. Monitoring Theory & Its Application of Hydraulic Structures[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2003:6-9.
[4] Su Huaizhi,Wen Zhiping,Wu Zhongru. Study on an intelligent inference engine in early warning system of dam health[J]. Water Reources Management,2011,25(6):1545-1563.
[5] Jaeger C. The malpasset dam failure[J].Water Power,1985,15(2):55-61.
[6] 宋恩来. 国内几座大坝事故原因分析[J].大坝与安全,2000,(2):41-44. Song Enlai. Analysis on the causes of several dam accidents in China[J].Dam & Safety,2000,(2):41-44.
[7] 李占超,侯会静. 大坝安全监控指标理论及方法分析[J].水力发电,2010,36(5):64-67. Li Zhanchao,Hou Huijing. Theory and method on dam safety monitoring indexes[J].Water Power,2010,36(5):64-67.
[8] 顾冲时,吴中如,阳武. 用结构分析法拟定混凝土坝变形三级监控指标[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2000,38(5):7-10. Gu Chongshi,Wu Zhongru,Yang Wu. Determining grade three monitoring indicator of dam deformation with structural analysis method[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2000,38(5):7-10.
[9] 李民,李珍照,薛桂玉,等.根据荷载的可能不利组合确定坝体变形的监控指标[J].水电站设计,1997,13(4):7-11. Li Min,Li Zhenzhao,Xue Guiyu,et al. Determing dam deformation control indices according to possible unfavourable loading combination[J].Design of Hydroelectric Power Station,1997,13(4):7-11.
[10] 刘原峰,李端有.隔河岩水电站大坝反演分析[J].水电与新能源,2005,19(3):60-63. Liu Yunafeng,Li Duanyou. Inverse analysis on Geheyan dam[J].Hydropower and New Energy,2005,19(3):60-63.
[11] 万智勇.高寒地区某碾压混凝土重力坝运行期黏弹性变形监控指标拟定研究[D].宜昌:三峡大学,2017:47-69. Wan Zhiyong. Study on monitoring indicators of viscoelastic deformation of a RCC gravity dam during operation in alpine region[D].Yichang:China Three Gorges University,2017:47-69.
[12] 丛培江, 顾冲时,谷艳昌. 大坝安全监控指标拟定的最大熵法[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2008,33(11):1126-1129. Cong Peijiang,Gu Chongshi,Gu Yanchang. Maximum entropy method for detrmining dam safety monitoring indices[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2008,33(11):1126-1129.
[13] 黄耀英, 瞿立新,周宜红. 混凝土浇筑仓温度双控指标拟定的最大熵法[J]. 长江科学院院报,2012,29(11):104-107. Huang Yaoying,Qu Lixin,Zhou Yihong. Change detection method based on sequential decision fusion[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2012,29(11):104-107.
[14] 朱凯,秦栋,汪雷. 云模型在大坝安全监控指标拟定中的应用[J].水电能源科学,2013,31(3):65-68. Zhu Kai,Qin Dong,Wang Lei. Application of cloud model in determining dam safety monitoring index[J].Water Resources and Power,2013,31(3):65-68.
[15] 聂兵兵,赵二峰,殷祥祥,等. 基于极值理论的大坝变形监控指标拟定[J].水电能源科学,2015,33(12):102-104. Nie Bingbing,Zhao Erfeng,Yin Xiangxiang,et al. Monitoring index of dam deformation based on extreme value theory[J].Water Resources and Power,2015,33(12):102-104.
[16] 何金平,李珍照,薛桂玉,等. 多测点监控数学模型监控指标的分测点拟定[J].水电与抽水蓄能,1997,21(4):8-11. He Jinping,Li Zhenzhao,Xue Guiyu.et al.Study on the monitoring index using the mathematical monitoring model of multiple survey points[J]. Hydropower and Pumped Storage,1997,21(4):8-11.
[17] Lei Peng,Chang Xiaolin,Xiao Feng,et.al. Study on early warning index of spatial deformation for high concrete dam[J]. Science China (Technological Science),2011,54(6): 1607-1614.
[18] 殷祥祥,周钟,赵二峰. 基于熵理论的锦屏一级拱坝空间变形预警指标拟定研究[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(2):42-47. Yin Xiangxiang,Zhou Zhong,Zhao Erfeng. Determination of prewarning index for spatial deformation of high arch dam Jinping Ⅰ Hydropower Station based on entropy theory[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Instiute,2016,33(2):42-47.
[19] 姜秋香,付强,王子龙. 基于粒子群优化投影寻踪模型的区域土地资源承载力综合评价[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(11):319-324. Jiang Qiuxiang,Fu Qiang,Wang Zilong. Comprehensive evalution of regional land resources carrying capacity based on projection pursuit model optimized by particle swarm optimization[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(11):319-324.
[20] 张学喜,王国体,张明. 基于加速遗传算法的投影寻踪评价模型在边坡稳定性评价中的应用[J]. 合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,31(3):430-432. Zhang Xuexi,Wang Guoti,Zhang Ming. Application of PPE model based on accelerating genetic algorithm in the evaluation of slope stability[J]. Journal of Heifei University of Technology (Natural Science),2008,31(3):430-432.
[21] 龚纯,王正林. 精通MATLAB最优化计算[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2012:176-180. Gong Chun,Wang Zhenglin. Proficient in MATLAB Optimization Calculation[M].Beijing:Electronic Industry Press,2012:176-180.