传统城市水适应性空间格局研究——以济南为例
|
摘要
为研究古人在长期适应与改造自然过程中积累的水资源利用及水患治理的经验,选取泉城济南为例,通过古籍、舆图的收集及实地踏查的研究方法,基于区域尺度、城市尺度和城—水相互作用的不同层面,从区域水网格局约束、防洪需求、用水需求3个方面,探讨水环境影响下城市的起源与格局演变,以及基于不同需求的宏观尺度城乡水适应性空间格局特征。进而总结水适应性空间格局营建的生态智慧,分别是顺应自然与利用自然、水利设施层层叠加与协调运作、自然—人工水系网络的内外贯通、依水营建特色居住空间4方面,从而对济南古城水环境及水工设施保护、城市水环境规划提供一定参考。
To study the experience of the ancients in the utilization of water resources and flood control accumulated in the long process of adaption to and transformation of nature, we cited Jinan as an example, collected local chronicles and city maps of different dynasties and made field investigations, to explore the origin and pattern evolution of the city under the influence of water environment, and the spatial pattern characteristics of water adaptability in urban and rural areas in a macro scale. This is done on the basis of different requirements from the three aspects of regional water network constraints, flood control demands and water utilization demands, at the regional and city scales and the level of city and water interaction. Then we sum up the ecological wisdom of the ancients in the construction of the spatial pattern of water adaptability, which were conforming to nature and utilizing nature, stacked and coordinated operation of the water conservancy facilities, internal and external connection of the natural—artificial water system network, and constructing unique living space by the water. They may provide some references for the protection of the water environment and hydraulic facilities, the urban water environment planning in the ancient city of Jinan.
To study the experience of the ancients in the utilization of water resources and flood control accumulated in the long process of adaption to and transformation of nature, we cited Jinan as an example, collected local chronicles and city maps of different dynasties and made field investigations, to explore the origin and pattern evolution of the city under the influence of water environment, and the spatial pattern characteristics of water adaptability in urban and rural areas in a macro scale. This is done on the basis of different requirements from the three aspects of regional water network constraints, flood control demands and water utilization demands, at the regional and city scales and the level of city and water interaction. Then we sum up the ecological wisdom of the ancients in the construction of the spatial pattern of water adaptability, which were conforming to nature and utilizing nature, stacked and coordinated operation of the water conservancy facilities, internal and external connection of the natural—artificial water system network, and constructing unique living space by the water. They may provide some references for the protection of the water environment and hydraulic facilities, the urban water environment planning in the ancient city of Jinan.
引文
[1]赵延勇.济南海绵城市建设目标及构建途径[J].山东水利,2015(11):12-13.ZHAO Yanyong. Construction Target and Construction Path ofJinanSpongeCity[J].ShandongWaterConservancy,2015(11):12-13.
[2]俞孔坚,陈义勇.国外传统农业水适应经验及水适应景观[J].中国水利,2014(3):13-16.YU Kongjian, CHEN Yiyong. Foreign Traditional Agricultural WaterAdaptationExperienceandWaterAdaptation Landscape[J]. China Water Conservancy, 2014(3):13-16.
[3]俞孔坚,张蕾.黄泛平原古城镇洪涝经验及其适应性景观[J].城市规划学刊,2007(5):85-91.YU Kongjian, ZHANG Lei. Flood Experience and Adaptation Landscape of Ancient Towns in Huangpan Plain[J]. Urban Planning Journal, 2007(5):85-91.
[4]刘畅.基于发生学视角的传统聚落水适应性空间格局研究[D].北京:北京建筑大学,2017.LIUChang.StudyontheAdaptiveSpatialPatternof TraditionalSettlementBasedonthePerspectiveof Occurrence[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jianzhu University, 2017.
[5]杨会会,闫水玉,任天漫.丽江古城适应水文环境的生态智慧研究[J].风景园林,2014(6):54-58.YANGHuihui,YANShuiyu,RENTianman.Studyon EcologicalWisdomofLijiangAncientCityAdaptingto HydrologicalEnvironment[J].LandscapeArchitecture,2014(6):54-58.
[6]章婷婷,郑曦.绍兴古城分区营建与区域风景系统适应性发展探析[J].风景园林,2017(8):105-111.ZHANG Tingting, ZHENG Xi. Analysis on the Construction ofShaoxingAncientCitySubdivisionandtheAdaptability D e v e l o p m e n to fR e g i o n a lL a n d s c a p eS y s t e m[J].Landscape Architecture, 2017(8):105-111.
[7]陆敏.济南地区水文环境的演化及其规律研究[J].人文地理,1999(3):65-70.LUMin.StudyontheEvolutionandLawofHydrological Environment in Jinan Area[J]. Human Geography, 1999(3):65-70.
[8]王保林.历史时期河湖泉水与济南城市发展关系研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2009.WANGBaolin.StudyontheRelationshipBetweenRivers and Springs in the Historical Period and the Development of Jinan City[D]. Xi’an:Shaanxi Normal University, 2009.
[9]尚晶.济南泉水聚落形态特征的保护与更新[D].济南:山东建筑大学,2011.SHANG Jing. Protection and Renewal of the Characteristics ofJinanSpringWaterSettlement[D].Jinan:Shandong Jianzhu University, 2011.
[10]史念海.论济水和鸿沟[J].陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1982(1):70-77.SHI Nianhai. Study on Ji river and Gap[J]. Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition),1982(1):70-77.
[11]任宝祯.大明湖变迁史话[M].济南:济南出版社,2009.REN Baozhen. The History of Daming Lake[M]. Jinan:Jinan Publishing House, 2009.
[12]济南市公署.济南市山水古迹纪略·第二编·水[M].济南:济南市公署,1942.JinanMunicipalOffice.ASummaryofHistoricalSitesof Landscape in Jinan[M]. Jinan:Jinan Municipal Office, 1942.
[13]秦若轼.济南水利漫话[M].南昌:华文出版社,2013.QINRuoshi.JinanWaterConservancy[M].Nanchang:Huawen Publishing House, 2013.
[14]张华松.历城县志正续合编:卷十三[M].济南:济南出版社,2007.ZHANGHuasong.CompilationofLichengCountyAnnal:Volume 13[M]. Jinan:Jinan Publishing House, 2007.
[15]张杰,阎照,霍晓卫.文化景观视角下对济南泉城文化遗产的再认识[J].建筑遗产,2017(3):71-82.ZHANGJie,YANZhao,HUOXiaowei.Rethinkingthe Cultural Heritage of Jinan Quancheng from the Perspective ofCulturalLandscape[J].ArchitecturalHeritage,2017(3):71-82.
[16]刘玉民.济南竹枝词[J].山东文学,2007(11):63-64.LIUYumin.JinanZhuzhiCi[J].ShandongLiterature,2007(11):63-64.
[17]李铭,郭俊峰.济南考古[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.LIMing,GUOJunfeng.JinanArchaeology[M].Beijing:Science Press, 2013.
[2]俞孔坚,陈义勇.国外传统农业水适应经验及水适应景观[J].中国水利,2014(3):13-16.YU Kongjian, CHEN Yiyong. Foreign Traditional Agricultural WaterAdaptationExperienceandWaterAdaptation Landscape[J]. China Water Conservancy, 2014(3):13-16.
[3]俞孔坚,张蕾.黄泛平原古城镇洪涝经验及其适应性景观[J].城市规划学刊,2007(5):85-91.YU Kongjian, ZHANG Lei. Flood Experience and Adaptation Landscape of Ancient Towns in Huangpan Plain[J]. Urban Planning Journal, 2007(5):85-91.
[4]刘畅.基于发生学视角的传统聚落水适应性空间格局研究[D].北京:北京建筑大学,2017.LIUChang.StudyontheAdaptiveSpatialPatternof TraditionalSettlementBasedonthePerspectiveof Occurrence[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jianzhu University, 2017.
[5]杨会会,闫水玉,任天漫.丽江古城适应水文环境的生态智慧研究[J].风景园林,2014(6):54-58.YANGHuihui,YANShuiyu,RENTianman.Studyon EcologicalWisdomofLijiangAncientCityAdaptingto HydrologicalEnvironment[J].LandscapeArchitecture,2014(6):54-58.
[6]章婷婷,郑曦.绍兴古城分区营建与区域风景系统适应性发展探析[J].风景园林,2017(8):105-111.ZHANG Tingting, ZHENG Xi. Analysis on the Construction ofShaoxingAncientCitySubdivisionandtheAdaptability D e v e l o p m e n to fR e g i o n a lL a n d s c a p eS y s t e m[J].Landscape Architecture, 2017(8):105-111.
[7]陆敏.济南地区水文环境的演化及其规律研究[J].人文地理,1999(3):65-70.LUMin.StudyontheEvolutionandLawofHydrological Environment in Jinan Area[J]. Human Geography, 1999(3):65-70.
[8]王保林.历史时期河湖泉水与济南城市发展关系研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2009.WANGBaolin.StudyontheRelationshipBetweenRivers and Springs in the Historical Period and the Development of Jinan City[D]. Xi’an:Shaanxi Normal University, 2009.
[9]尚晶.济南泉水聚落形态特征的保护与更新[D].济南:山东建筑大学,2011.SHANG Jing. Protection and Renewal of the Characteristics ofJinanSpringWaterSettlement[D].Jinan:Shandong Jianzhu University, 2011.
[10]史念海.论济水和鸿沟[J].陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1982(1):70-77.SHI Nianhai. Study on Ji river and Gap[J]. Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition),1982(1):70-77.
[11]任宝祯.大明湖变迁史话[M].济南:济南出版社,2009.REN Baozhen. The History of Daming Lake[M]. Jinan:Jinan Publishing House, 2009.
[12]济南市公署.济南市山水古迹纪略·第二编·水[M].济南:济南市公署,1942.JinanMunicipalOffice.ASummaryofHistoricalSitesof Landscape in Jinan[M]. Jinan:Jinan Municipal Office, 1942.
[13]秦若轼.济南水利漫话[M].南昌:华文出版社,2013.QINRuoshi.JinanWaterConservancy[M].Nanchang:Huawen Publishing House, 2013.
[14]张华松.历城县志正续合编:卷十三[M].济南:济南出版社,2007.ZHANGHuasong.CompilationofLichengCountyAnnal:Volume 13[M]. Jinan:Jinan Publishing House, 2007.
[15]张杰,阎照,霍晓卫.文化景观视角下对济南泉城文化遗产的再认识[J].建筑遗产,2017(3):71-82.ZHANGJie,YANZhao,HUOXiaowei.Rethinkingthe Cultural Heritage of Jinan Quancheng from the Perspective ofCulturalLandscape[J].ArchitecturalHeritage,2017(3):71-82.
[16]刘玉民.济南竹枝词[J].山东文学,2007(11):63-64.LIUYumin.JinanZhuzhiCi[J].ShandongLiterature,2007(11):63-64.
[17]李铭,郭俊峰.济南考古[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.LIMing,GUOJunfeng.JinanArchaeology[M].Beijing:Science Press, 2013.