长江上游水库群联合调度下的河流水文情势研究
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摘要
长江上游水库群的联合调度运行必然会对下游河道径流产生影响。选择北碚、高场、宜昌站作为水库群串、并、混联运行下的控制断面,通过IHA法选择出受水库群联合调度影响的14个水文指标,并采用CRITIC法改进RVA完成串并混联运行模式下的水文指标变化趋势和整体水文变异程度的研究。分析结果表明:①随着水库群联合运行数量的增加,长江干支流河道水文情势改变幅度增大;②水库群联合运行会使汛期流量显著降低,非汛期流量增加,同时会造成年最大(小)流量呈减少(增加)趋势;③水库串联运行模式会使最大流量发生时间延迟;并联运行模式会使汛期流量坦化现象更加显著;混联运行模式对水文情势的改变程度主要受调度方式和气候变化的影响,上游混联模式使宜昌站水文情势为低改变度。
It is inevitable that joint operation of cascade reservoirs in the upper Yangtze River will exert certain effects on the runoffs in the lower river channel. We selected Beibei,Gaochang and Yichang stations as controlling cross-sections,and used IHA method to identify fourteen hydrological indexes that are influenced by the operation of reservoirs. We studied the varying trends of these indexes and the degree of hydrology variations under cascade reservoirs' operation modes of series,parallel and series-parallel. The results show that: ① as the number of cascade reservoirs in operation increases,the variations in hydrology of mainstream Yangtze River tend to increase; ② joint operation of cascade reservoirs significantly decreases water flow during flood season; meanwhile,the maximum discharge throughout the year tends to decrease,and vice versa; ③series operation will delay maximum discharge and parallel operation will reinforce the evenness of discharge process during flood season; the variation of hydrological regime caused by series-parallel operation is mostly affected by the operation mode and climate change,series-parallel operation has low impact on the hydrological regime of Yichang station.
It is inevitable that joint operation of cascade reservoirs in the upper Yangtze River will exert certain effects on the runoffs in the lower river channel. We selected Beibei,Gaochang and Yichang stations as controlling cross-sections,and used IHA method to identify fourteen hydrological indexes that are influenced by the operation of reservoirs. We studied the varying trends of these indexes and the degree of hydrology variations under cascade reservoirs' operation modes of series,parallel and series-parallel. The results show that: ① as the number of cascade reservoirs in operation increases,the variations in hydrology of mainstream Yangtze River tend to increase; ② joint operation of cascade reservoirs significantly decreases water flow during flood season; meanwhile,the maximum discharge throughout the year tends to decrease,and vice versa; ③series operation will delay maximum discharge and parallel operation will reinforce the evenness of discharge process during flood season; the variation of hydrological regime caused by series-parallel operation is mostly affected by the operation mode and climate change,series-parallel operation has low impact on the hydrological regime of Yichang station.
引文
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[2]Hu W W,Wang G X,Deng W,et al.The influence of dams on ecohydrological conditions in the Huaihe River basin,China[J].Ecological Engineering,2008,33(3/4):233-241.
[3]Gao B,Yang D W,Zhao T T G,et al.Changes in the eco-flowmetrics of the upper Yangtze River from 1961 to 2008[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012(448-449):30-38.
[4]黎云云,畅建霞,涂欢,等.黄河干流控制性梯级水库联合运行对下游水文情势的影响[J].资源科学,2014,36(6):1183-1190.
[5]段唯鑫,郭生练,王俊.长江上游大型水库群对宜昌站水文情势影响分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(1):120-130.
[6]蔡文君,殷峻暹,王浩.三峡水库运行对长江中下游水文情势的影响[J].人民长江,2012,43(5):22-25.
[7]李林,王振宇,秦宁生,等.长江上游径流量变化及其与影响因子关系分析[J].自然资源学报,2004(6):694-700.
[8]Yin X A,Yang Z.F,Petts G E.A new method to assess the flow regime alterations in riverine ecosystems[J].River Research and Applications,2015,31(4):497-504.
[9]周毅,崔同,高满,等.考虑不同水文年及IHA指标相关性的水文特征评估方法[J].水文,2017,37(2):20-25.
[10]程根伟,麻泽龙,范继辉.西南江河梯级水电开发对河流水环境的影响及对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2004(6):433-437.
[11]杨丽虎,陈进,黄薇,等.长江上游梯级水电开发情况及对生态环境的影响初探[J].中国农村水利水电,2007(3):79-81.
[12]金勇,周建军,黄国鲜.长江上游大型水库运行对长江上游水文过程的影响[J].水力发电学报,2010,29(2):94-101.
[13]张建云,章四龙,王金星,等.近50年来中国六大流域年际径流变化趋势研究[J].水科学进展,2007(2):230-234.
[14]Diakoulaki D,Mavrotas G,Papayannakis L.Determining objective weights in multiple criteria problems:the CRITIC method[J].Computers&Operations Research,1995,22(7):763-770.
[15]袁合才,辛艳辉.基于AHP和CRITIC方法的水资源综合效益模型[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(4):2225-2226.
[16]张玉,魏华波.基于CRITIC的多属性决策组合赋权方法[J].统计与决策,2012(16):75-77.
[17]赵军凯,李九发,戴志军,等.长江宜昌站径流变化过程分析[J].资源科学,2012,34(12):2306-2315.