干旱区绿洲新疆石河子垦区地下水生态系统安全评价
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摘要
为评价干旱区绿洲新疆石河子垦区的地下水生态系统安全状况,基于自然、生态、环境、社会和经济5个属性构建了地下水生态安全评价指标体系,运用主成分分析法和灰色关联分析方法筛选16个指标作为干旱区绿洲地下水生态安全评价指标,制定了适合于干旱区绿洲的地下水生态安全等级与评价标准,基于层次分析法和熵值法进行了指标权重分配,确定了各项评价指标在不同安全等级的隶属函数,应用模糊综合评判法对研究区内5个灌区的地下水生态安全状况进行评价.结果表明:(1)石河子灌区、金安灌区和玛纳斯灌区对基本安全级别的隶属度最高,分别为32.2%、35.4%和27.5%,3个灌区的地下水生态系统处于基本安全状态,区域面积占垦区总面积的51.8%;(2)莫索湾灌区地下水生态系统处于危机状态,相应的隶属度为27.2%,区域面积占垦区总面积的16.8%;(3)下野地灌区地下水生态系统处于不安全状态,相应的隶属度为28.8%,区域面积占垦区总面积的31.4%.研究显示,评价结果与实际情况基本相符,综合反映了该区域人类活动与地下水、生态系统的相互关系,证明了模糊综合评判法在干旱区绿洲地下水生态系统安全评价中具有一定的应用价值.
The study was carried out to assess the groundwater ecosystem security in Shihezi reclamation area in Xinjiang Autonomous Region,China. The groundwater ecosystem security assessment system was established based on 5 attributes,including nature,ecology,environment,society and economy. Principal component analysis and grey correlation analysis were applied to screen 16 typical indicators for the assessment,and the ecological security grade and standards for groundwater ecosystem security assessment in arid oasis were established. Analytic hierarchy process and entropy method were adopted for the indicator weight determination. Membership functions for assessment indicators were defined,and the generalized multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to assess the groundwater ecosystem security in five irrigation districts of the study area. The results show that:( 1) Shihezi irrigation district,Jin'an irrigation district and Manas irrigation district possess the highest degree of membership for the fairly safe grade( being 32. 2%,35. 4%and 27. 5%,respectively),which indicates that the three irrigation districts are in fairly safe state for the groundwater ecosystem,covering 51. 8% of the total reclamation area.( 2) The membership degree for Mosuowan irrigation district is 27. 2%, and the corresponding groundwater ecosystem is in crisis state,occupying 16. 8% of the total reclamation area.( 3) The groundwater ecosystem inXiayedi irrigation district is unsafe,and the corresponding membership is 28. 8%. The unsafe area covers 31. 4% of the total reclamation area. The assessment results are in accordance with the actual situation,and reflect the relationship between human activities and groundwater ecosystem in the region. The study proves that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is applicable and useful in groundwater ecosystem security assessment in arid oasis.
The study was carried out to assess the groundwater ecosystem security in Shihezi reclamation area in Xinjiang Autonomous Region,China. The groundwater ecosystem security assessment system was established based on 5 attributes,including nature,ecology,environment,society and economy. Principal component analysis and grey correlation analysis were applied to screen 16 typical indicators for the assessment,and the ecological security grade and standards for groundwater ecosystem security assessment in arid oasis were established. Analytic hierarchy process and entropy method were adopted for the indicator weight determination. Membership functions for assessment indicators were defined,and the generalized multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to assess the groundwater ecosystem security in five irrigation districts of the study area. The results show that:( 1) Shihezi irrigation district,Jin'an irrigation district and Manas irrigation district possess the highest degree of membership for the fairly safe grade( being 32. 2%,35. 4%and 27. 5%,respectively),which indicates that the three irrigation districts are in fairly safe state for the groundwater ecosystem,covering 51. 8% of the total reclamation area.( 2) The membership degree for Mosuowan irrigation district is 27. 2%, and the corresponding groundwater ecosystem is in crisis state,occupying 16. 8% of the total reclamation area.( 3) The groundwater ecosystem inXiayedi irrigation district is unsafe,and the corresponding membership is 28. 8%. The unsafe area covers 31. 4% of the total reclamation area. The assessment results are in accordance with the actual situation,and reflect the relationship between human activities and groundwater ecosystem in the region. The study proves that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is applicable and useful in groundwater ecosystem security assessment in arid oasis.
引文
[1]张艳.干旱区地下水文生态安全评价信息系统研究:以新疆石河子垦区为例[D].西安:长安大学,2011.
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[9]Sinclair Knight Merz Pty Ltd.Environmental water requirements of groundwater dependent ecosystems,environmental flows initiative technical report number 2[R].Canberra:Commonwealth of Australia,2001.
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[11]KLVE B,ALA-AHO P,BERTRAND G,et al.Groundwater dependent ecosystems:part I.hydroecological status and trends[J].Environmental Science&Policy,2011,14(7):770-781.
[12]GRIEBLER C,MALARD F,LEFBURE T.Current developments in groundwater ecology-from biodiversity to ecosystem function and services[J].Current Opinion in Biotechnology,2014,27:159-167.
[13]KLVE B,ALA-AHO P,BERTRAND G,et al.Climate change impacts on groundwater and dependent ecosystems[J].Journal of Hydrology,2014,518:250-266.
[14]SCHILLING K E,JACOBSON P J,VOGELGESANG J A.Agricultural conversion of floodplain ecosystems:implications for groundwater quality[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2015,153:74-83.
[15]HUNTINGTON J,MCGWIRE K,MORTON C,et al.Assessing the role of climate and resource management on groundwater dependent ecosystem changes in arid environments with the landsat archive[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2016,185:186-197.
[16]张长春,邵景力,李慈君,等.地下水位生态环境效应及生态环境指标[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,3:6-10.ZHANG Changchun,SHAO Jingli,LI Cijun,et al.Ecoenvironmental effects on groundwater and its eco-environmental index[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2003,3:6-10.
[17]陈伟涛,孙自永,王焰新,等.论内陆干旱区依赖地下水的植被生态需水量研究关键科学问题[J].中国地质大学学报:地球科学版,2014,39(9):1-9.CHEN Weitao,SUN Ziyong,WANG Yanxin,et al.Major scientific problems in studying water demand for groundwater dependent ecosystems in inland arid regions[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2014,39(9):1-9.
[18]陈伟涛,王焰新,孙自永,等.干旱内陆区依赖地下水的生态系统研究:以敦煌盆地为例[J].第四纪研究,2014,34(5):950-958.CHEN Weitao,WANG Yanxin,SUN Ziyong,et al.Groundwater dependent ecosystems in arid inland zones:a case study at the Dunhuang Basin,northwestern China[J].Quaternary Sciences,2014,34(5):950-958.
[19]安新丽,陈廷廷,赵晗,等.基于微生物生物完整性指数的地下水生态系统健康评价:以包钢稀土尾矿库周边地下水生态系统为例[J].环境科学,2016,37(9):3413-3422.AN Xinli,CHEN Tingting,ZHAO Han,et al.Assessment of ecosystem health of Baogang tailings groundwater based on microbiome index of biotic integrity(M-IBI)[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(9):3413-3422.
[20]LING Hongbo,XU Hailiang,FU Jinyi,et al.Suitable oasis scale in a typical continental river basin in an arid region of China:a case study of the Manas River Basin[J].Quaternary International,2013,286:116-125.
[21]石河子年鉴编纂委员会.石河子年鉴[M].五家渠:新疆生产建设兵团出版社,2015.
[22]程凡.石河子市地下水质量及污染评价[J].水科学与工程技术,2016(1):9-13.CHENG Fan.The groundwater quality and pollution evaluation of Shihezi City[J].Water Sciences and Engineering Technology,2016(1):9-13.
[23]TUINSTRA J,VAN WENSEM J.Ecosystem services in sustainable groundwater management[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,485486:798-803.
[24]KORBEL K L,HOSE G C.The weighted groundwater health index:improving the monitoring and management of groundwater resources[J].Ecological Indicators,2017,75:164-181.
[25]KROGULEC E.Hydrogeological study of groundwater-dependent ecosystems-an overview of selected methods[J].Ecohydrology&Hydrobiology,2016,16:185-193.
[26]GDOURA K,ANANE M,JELLALI S.Geospatial and AHPmulticriteria analyses to locate and rank suitable sites for groundwater recharge with reclaimed water[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2015,104:19-30.
[27]孟优,周益民,侯秀玲,等.干旱区绿洲生态安全评价研究:以新疆生产建设兵团为例[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(1):163-169.MENG You,ZHOU Yimin,HOU Xiuling,et al.Assessment of the eco-security in arid areas oasis:a case of Xinjiang production and construction corps[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,37(1):163-169.
[28]林佳宁,高欣,贾晓波,等.基于PSFR评估框架的太子河流域水生态安全评估[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(10):1440-1450.LIN Jianing,GAO Xin,JIA Xiaobo,et al.Assessment of riverine ecological security for Taizi River Basin based on PSFR evaluation framework[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(10):1440-1450.
[29]XU Bin,ZHANG Yan.Constructing and optimizing of index system in evaluation of groundwater hydro-ecological security[C]WANG Wenke.Proceedings of 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection.Beijing:IEEE Press,2011,1:189-192.
[30]GOPAL B.A conceptual framework for environmental flows assessment based on ecosystem services and their economic valuation[J].Ecosystem Services,2016,21:53-58.
[31]HOLMATOV B,LAUTZE J,MANTHRITHILAKE H,et al.Water security for productive economies:applying an assessment framework in southern Africa[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2017,100:258-269.
[32]BELEM M,SAQALLI M.Development of an integrated generic model for multi-scale assessment of the impacts of agro-ecosystems on major ecosystem services in West Africa[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,202(1):117-125.
[33]BATTISTA W,KARR K,SARTO N,et al.Comprehensive assessment of risk to ecosystems(CARE):a cumulative ecosystem risk assessment tool[J].Fisheries Research,2017,185:115-129.
[34]毛文永.生态环境影响评价概论[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998.
[35]刘勤.新疆克里雅河绿洲生态安全评价与预警预测[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2015.
[36]KAUFMANN A.Introduction to the theory of fuzzy subsets.Volume1:fundamental theoretical elements[M].New York:Academic Press,1975.
[37]贺仲雄.模糊数学及其应用[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1983.
[38]SHEN Guoqing,LU Yitong,WANG Meinong,et al.Status and fuzzy comprehensive assessment of combined heavy metal and organochlorine pesticide pollution in the Taihu Lake Region of China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2005,76:355-362.
[2]李佩成.论水文生态学的建立及其历史使命[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(1):1-4.LI Peicheng.The establishment and historic mission of hydroecology[J].Journal of Irrigation&Drainage,2012,31(1):1-4.
[3]冯国章.水事活动对区域水文生态系统的影响[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[4]EAGLESON P S.Ecohydrology:Darwinian expression of vegetation form and function[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002.
[5]WOOD P J,HANNAH D M,SADLER J P.Hydroecology and ecohydrology:past,present and future[M].Chichester:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.,2007.
[6]PIPAN T,CULVER D C.Subterranean aquatic ecosystemsgroundwater ecology[J].Encyclopedia of Inland Waters,2009(3):433-442.
[7]STOURNARAS G.Groundwater bodies in ecology and ecosystems[J].Ecohydrology&Hydrobiology,2011,11(34):159-165.
[8]HATTON T,EVANS R.Dependence of ecosystems on groundwater and its significance to Australia[M].Canberra:Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corporation,1998.
[9]Sinclair Knight Merz Pty Ltd.Environmental water requirements of groundwater dependent ecosystems,environmental flows initiative technical report number 2[R].Canberra:Commonwealth of Australia,2001.
[10]GRIEBLER C,STEIN H,KELLERMANN C,et al.Ecological assessment of groundwater ecosystems-vision or illusion?[J].Ecological Engineering,2010,36(9):1174-1190.
[11]KLVE B,ALA-AHO P,BERTRAND G,et al.Groundwater dependent ecosystems:part I.hydroecological status and trends[J].Environmental Science&Policy,2011,14(7):770-781.
[12]GRIEBLER C,MALARD F,LEFBURE T.Current developments in groundwater ecology-from biodiversity to ecosystem function and services[J].Current Opinion in Biotechnology,2014,27:159-167.
[13]KLVE B,ALA-AHO P,BERTRAND G,et al.Climate change impacts on groundwater and dependent ecosystems[J].Journal of Hydrology,2014,518:250-266.
[14]SCHILLING K E,JACOBSON P J,VOGELGESANG J A.Agricultural conversion of floodplain ecosystems:implications for groundwater quality[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2015,153:74-83.
[15]HUNTINGTON J,MCGWIRE K,MORTON C,et al.Assessing the role of climate and resource management on groundwater dependent ecosystem changes in arid environments with the landsat archive[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2016,185:186-197.
[16]张长春,邵景力,李慈君,等.地下水位生态环境效应及生态环境指标[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,3:6-10.ZHANG Changchun,SHAO Jingli,LI Cijun,et al.Ecoenvironmental effects on groundwater and its eco-environmental index[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2003,3:6-10.
[17]陈伟涛,孙自永,王焰新,等.论内陆干旱区依赖地下水的植被生态需水量研究关键科学问题[J].中国地质大学学报:地球科学版,2014,39(9):1-9.CHEN Weitao,SUN Ziyong,WANG Yanxin,et al.Major scientific problems in studying water demand for groundwater dependent ecosystems in inland arid regions[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2014,39(9):1-9.
[18]陈伟涛,王焰新,孙自永,等.干旱内陆区依赖地下水的生态系统研究:以敦煌盆地为例[J].第四纪研究,2014,34(5):950-958.CHEN Weitao,WANG Yanxin,SUN Ziyong,et al.Groundwater dependent ecosystems in arid inland zones:a case study at the Dunhuang Basin,northwestern China[J].Quaternary Sciences,2014,34(5):950-958.
[19]安新丽,陈廷廷,赵晗,等.基于微生物生物完整性指数的地下水生态系统健康评价:以包钢稀土尾矿库周边地下水生态系统为例[J].环境科学,2016,37(9):3413-3422.AN Xinli,CHEN Tingting,ZHAO Han,et al.Assessment of ecosystem health of Baogang tailings groundwater based on microbiome index of biotic integrity(M-IBI)[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(9):3413-3422.
[20]LING Hongbo,XU Hailiang,FU Jinyi,et al.Suitable oasis scale in a typical continental river basin in an arid region of China:a case study of the Manas River Basin[J].Quaternary International,2013,286:116-125.
[21]石河子年鉴编纂委员会.石河子年鉴[M].五家渠:新疆生产建设兵团出版社,2015.
[22]程凡.石河子市地下水质量及污染评价[J].水科学与工程技术,2016(1):9-13.CHENG Fan.The groundwater quality and pollution evaluation of Shihezi City[J].Water Sciences and Engineering Technology,2016(1):9-13.
[23]TUINSTRA J,VAN WENSEM J.Ecosystem services in sustainable groundwater management[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,485486:798-803.
[24]KORBEL K L,HOSE G C.The weighted groundwater health index:improving the monitoring and management of groundwater resources[J].Ecological Indicators,2017,75:164-181.
[25]KROGULEC E.Hydrogeological study of groundwater-dependent ecosystems-an overview of selected methods[J].Ecohydrology&Hydrobiology,2016,16:185-193.
[26]GDOURA K,ANANE M,JELLALI S.Geospatial and AHPmulticriteria analyses to locate and rank suitable sites for groundwater recharge with reclaimed water[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2015,104:19-30.
[27]孟优,周益民,侯秀玲,等.干旱区绿洲生态安全评价研究:以新疆生产建设兵团为例[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(1):163-169.MENG You,ZHOU Yimin,HOU Xiuling,et al.Assessment of the eco-security in arid areas oasis:a case of Xinjiang production and construction corps[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,37(1):163-169.
[28]林佳宁,高欣,贾晓波,等.基于PSFR评估框架的太子河流域水生态安全评估[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(10):1440-1450.LIN Jianing,GAO Xin,JIA Xiaobo,et al.Assessment of riverine ecological security for Taizi River Basin based on PSFR evaluation framework[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(10):1440-1450.
[29]XU Bin,ZHANG Yan.Constructing and optimizing of index system in evaluation of groundwater hydro-ecological security[C]WANG Wenke.Proceedings of 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection.Beijing:IEEE Press,2011,1:189-192.
[30]GOPAL B.A conceptual framework for environmental flows assessment based on ecosystem services and their economic valuation[J].Ecosystem Services,2016,21:53-58.
[31]HOLMATOV B,LAUTZE J,MANTHRITHILAKE H,et al.Water security for productive economies:applying an assessment framework in southern Africa[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2017,100:258-269.
[32]BELEM M,SAQALLI M.Development of an integrated generic model for multi-scale assessment of the impacts of agro-ecosystems on major ecosystem services in West Africa[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,202(1):117-125.
[33]BATTISTA W,KARR K,SARTO N,et al.Comprehensive assessment of risk to ecosystems(CARE):a cumulative ecosystem risk assessment tool[J].Fisheries Research,2017,185:115-129.
[34]毛文永.生态环境影响评价概论[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998.
[35]刘勤.新疆克里雅河绿洲生态安全评价与预警预测[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2015.
[36]KAUFMANN A.Introduction to the theory of fuzzy subsets.Volume1:fundamental theoretical elements[M].New York:Academic Press,1975.
[37]贺仲雄.模糊数学及其应用[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1983.
[38]SHEN Guoqing,LU Yitong,WANG Meinong,et al.Status and fuzzy comprehensive assessment of combined heavy metal and organochlorine pesticide pollution in the Taihu Lake Region of China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2005,76:355-362.