半干旱地区大型灌区水文生态系统质量综合评价——以陕西省泾惠渠灌区为例
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摘要
根据泾惠渠灌区水文生态现状和存在的主要问题,构建了由3层16项指标组成的综合评价指标体系;基于层次分析法进行了指标权重分配,确定了评价标准和两级模糊综合评判法,并以泾惠渠灌区2000年的具体指标值为例,进行了实例验证。结果表明,水文气象要素和生态环境要素的质量都为中等水平,两者对中等级别的隶属度分别为36.7%和42.3%;而社会经济要素的质量相对较差,对很差级别的隶属度高达61.1%。总体来说该灌区2000年的水文生态系统质量处于中等水平。评价结果与实际情况基本相符,说明层次分析法和两级模糊综合评判法在半干旱地区大型灌区水文生态系统质量综合评价中具有一定的应用价值。
According to the current hydrological ecological conditions and existing major problems in Jinghuiqu Irrigation District, a comprehensive evaluation index system consisted of three hierarchies and 16 individual indexes was established. The weights for each evaluation index were allotted based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and confirmed the evaluation criteria and two-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Taking the specific indexes of Jinghuiqu Irrigation District in 2000, was carried out the real example for validation.The evaluation results showed that the quality of hydrological meteorological elements and eco-environment elements was the medium level; the memberships of medium level for both were 36.7% and 42.3%, respectively. At the same time, the social-economic element was relatively very poor and its membership to the very poor level was high as 61.1%. Overall, the quality of hydrological ecosystems of Jinghuiqu Irrigation District in 2000 was a medium level. This evaluation result was matched well with the real situation. It was explained that the analytic hierarchy process and two-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method had a certain application value for the comprehensive evaluation of quality of hydrological ecosystem in large-scale irrigation district in semi-arid region.
According to the current hydrological ecological conditions and existing major problems in Jinghuiqu Irrigation District, a comprehensive evaluation index system consisted of three hierarchies and 16 individual indexes was established. The weights for each evaluation index were allotted based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and confirmed the evaluation criteria and two-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Taking the specific indexes of Jinghuiqu Irrigation District in 2000, was carried out the real example for validation.The evaluation results showed that the quality of hydrological meteorological elements and eco-environment elements was the medium level; the memberships of medium level for both were 36.7% and 42.3%, respectively. At the same time, the social-economic element was relatively very poor and its membership to the very poor level was high as 61.1%. Overall, the quality of hydrological ecosystems of Jinghuiqu Irrigation District in 2000 was a medium level. This evaluation result was matched well with the real situation. It was explained that the analytic hierarchy process and two-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method had a certain application value for the comprehensive evaluation of quality of hydrological ecosystem in large-scale irrigation district in semi-arid region.
引文
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[3]徐建国,卫政润,张涛,等.环渤海山东地区地下水库建设条件分析[J].地质调查与研究,2004,27(3):197-202.
[4]泾惠渠管理局.1978—2001年泾惠渠灌区地下水动态观测[R].三原:陕西省泾惠渠管理局,2002.
[5]贺屹.渠井双灌区地下水超采情况下的动态分析及人工补给研究——以泾惠渠灌区为例[D].西安:长安大学,2011.
[6]李佩成.论水文生态学的建立及其历史使命[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(1):1-4.
[7]李佩成.咸海萎缩原因、后果、对策及启示[J].国土开发与整治,1993,3(4):53-59.
[8]冯国璋.水事活动对区域水文生态系统的影响[M].北京:高等教育出版,2002.
[9]冯国章.水事活动对区域水文生态系统的影响及其对策研究[D].杨凌:西北农业大学,1998.
[10]乔长录,刘招,茯苓.基于COMGIS和Matlab的泾惠渠灌区灌溉决策支持系统[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(3):31-36.
[11]叶遇春.泾惠渠志[M].西安:三秦出版社,1991.
[12]刘涛,张洪江,吴敬东,等.层次分析法在泥石流危险度评价中的应用——以北京市密云县为例[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(5):6-10.
[13]苏为华.多指标综合评价理论与方法问题研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2000.
[14]孙栋元,赵成义,李菊燕,等.基于层次分析法的干旱内陆河流域生态环境需水评价——以新疆台兰河流域为例[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(5):108-114.
[15]张晓,高海清,郭东敏,等.层次分析法在陕北退耕还林可持续发展影响因子评价中的应用[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(5):147-151.
[16]Saaty TL.The Analytical Hierarchy Process:Planning,Priority Setting and Resource Allocation[M].NewYork:McGraw-Hill,1980.
[17]乔长录.半干旱地区大型灌区水文生态系统动态监测与综合评价研究——以陕西省泾惠渠灌区为例[D].西安:长安大学,2012.