脂多糖诱导的水椰八角铁甲免疫响应动态及其在性别间的差异
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摘要
【目的】研究昆虫免疫诱导后的响应模式是揭示昆虫免疫适应性变异、免疫权衡和免疫致敏现象的关键。本研究旨在探讨水椰八角铁甲Octodonta nipae(Maulik)免疫诱导的动态响应变化及其在性别间的差异。【方法】将革兰氏阴性细菌细胞壁提取物脂多糖(LPS)注射到水椰八角铁甲雌雄成虫体腔内,诱导其免疫系统响应,测定了两个重要免疫参数酚氧化酶(phenoloxidase,PO)活性和抗菌肽(antimicrobial peptide,AMP)抑菌活性在免疫诱导前后的动态变化。【结果】LPS(2.5 mg/m L×138 n L)诱导可以使水椰八角铁甲PO活性和AMPs的抑菌活性在一定时间范围内(雌虫PO活性和AMPs抑菌活性分别在诱导后4-10 h和12-48 h,雄虫PO活性和AMPs抑菌活性分别在诱导后0.1-10 h和4-48 h)显著高于空白对照;AMPs抑菌活性的提升时间迟于PO活性。但持续时间长于PO活性。免疫诱导前,成虫的PO活性和AMPs抑菌活性均是雌性显著高于雄虫;同样在免疫诱导后,成虫PO活性和AMPs抑菌活性的最高水平也是雌性显著大于雄虫,但活性提升的时间是雄性早于雌虫。【结论】LPS能够显著诱导水椰八角铁甲雌雄成虫的免疫响应,而且雌成虫的免疫响应明显高于雄性。通过对水椰八角铁甲免疫物质动态变化的认识,为水椰八角铁甲入侵到新生境后免疫相关适应性变异及安全有效的生物防治方法的研究奠定了基础。
【Aim】Understanding the response patterns of insects after immunity induction is a basis to reveal the mechanisms of adaptive immune response,immune trade-offs and immune priming. The study aims to clarify the dynamic changes of the immune response in Octodonta nipae( Maulik) adults induced by bacteria and the response differences between males and females. 【Methods】The cell-wall extract lipopolysaccharide( LPS) of gram negative bacteria was injected into the body cavity of O. nipae adults to induce their immune response. The activities of phenoloxidase( PO) and antimicrobial peptide( AMPs),which play an important role in insect innate immunity,were assayed at different time post induction.【Results】The PO activity and the antibacterial activity of AMPs in O. nipae adults were significantly induced by 2. 5 mg / m L × 138 n L LPS in a certain time period,and the response models were different between females and males. The PO activities in LPS-induced female( 4- 10 h post induction) and male adults( 0. 1- 10 h post induction),as well as the antibacterial activity of AMPs in LPS-induced female( 12- 48 h post induction) and male adults( 4- 48 h post induction),were significant higher than those of the blank control,respectively. LPS induced a faster increase of PO activity than of AMPs activity,but the increase of AMPs activity lasted for a longer time. Before immune induction,the PO activity and the antibacterial activity of AMPs in female adults were significant higher than those in male adults; and after immune induction the PO activity and the antibacterial activity of AMPs in female adults also had a highertop level. 【Conclusion】The results suggest that LPS can induce a dynamic immune response in O. nipae adults,which is different between males and females. Our findings provide a foundation for further studies on adaptive immune response of O. nipae in the new invading environment and to develop an effective strategy to control O. nipae.
【Aim】Understanding the response patterns of insects after immunity induction is a basis to reveal the mechanisms of adaptive immune response,immune trade-offs and immune priming. The study aims to clarify the dynamic changes of the immune response in Octodonta nipae( Maulik) adults induced by bacteria and the response differences between males and females. 【Methods】The cell-wall extract lipopolysaccharide( LPS) of gram negative bacteria was injected into the body cavity of O. nipae adults to induce their immune response. The activities of phenoloxidase( PO) and antimicrobial peptide( AMPs),which play an important role in insect innate immunity,were assayed at different time post induction.【Results】The PO activity and the antibacterial activity of AMPs in O. nipae adults were significantly induced by 2. 5 mg / m L × 138 n L LPS in a certain time period,and the response models were different between females and males. The PO activities in LPS-induced female( 4- 10 h post induction) and male adults( 0. 1- 10 h post induction),as well as the antibacterial activity of AMPs in LPS-induced female( 12- 48 h post induction) and male adults( 4- 48 h post induction),were significant higher than those of the blank control,respectively. LPS induced a faster increase of PO activity than of AMPs activity,but the increase of AMPs activity lasted for a longer time. Before immune induction,the PO activity and the antibacterial activity of AMPs in female adults were significant higher than those in male adults; and after immune induction the PO activity and the antibacterial activity of AMPs in female adults also had a highertop level. 【Conclusion】The results suggest that LPS can induce a dynamic immune response in O. nipae adults,which is different between males and females. Our findings provide a foundation for further studies on adaptive immune response of O. nipae in the new invading environment and to develop an effective strategy to control O. nipae.
引文
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Dubovskiy IM,Whitten MMA,Kryukov VY,Yaroslavtseva ON,Grizanova EV,Greig C,Mukherjee K,Vilcinskas A,MitkovetsPV,Glupov VV,Butt TM,2013.More than a colour change:insect melanism,disease resistance and fecundity.Proceedings ofthe Royal Society B:Biological Science,280(1763):1-10.
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Hou YM,Miao YX,Zhang ZY,2014a.Study on life table parameters ofthe invasive species Octodonta nipae(Maulik)(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)on different palm species,under laboratoryconditions.Journal of Economic Entomology,107(4):1486-1495.
Hou YM,Miao YX,Zhang ZY,2014b.Leaf consumption capacity anddamage projection of Octodonta nipae(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)on three palm species.Annals of the Entomological Society ofAmerica,107(5):1010-1017.
Hou YM,Weng ZQ,2010.Temperature-dependent development and lifetable parameters of Octodonta nipae(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae).Environmental Entomology,39(5):1676-1684.
Hou YM,Wu ZJ,Wang CF,2011.The status and harm of biologicalinvasion in Fujian,China.In:Xie LH,You MS,Hou YM eds.Biological Invasions:Problems and Countermeasures.SciencePress,Beijing.111-114.[侯有明,吴祖建,王长方,2011.福建生物入侵现状与危害.见:谢联辉,尤民生,侯有明编著.生物入侵:问题与对策.北京:科学出版社.111-114]
Hua RX,Hou YM,Shi ZH,2014.Changes in the contents ofphysiologically active substances in Octodonta nipae(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)after low temperature acclimation.ActaEntomologica Sinica,57(3):265-273.[华瑞香,侯有明,石章红,2014.低温驯化后水椰八角铁甲生理活性物质含量的变化.昆虫学报,57(3):265-273]
Huang Q,Hu J,Wang Q,2013.Cloning,bioinformatic analysis andexpression profiling of the prophenoloxidase cD NA from two colorvarieties of Tenebrio molitor(Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae).ActaEntomologica Sinica,56(6):594-604.[黄琼,胡杰,王勤,2013.两种色型黄粉虫酚氧化酶原的cD NA克隆、生物信息学分析及表达水平检测.昆虫学报,56(6):594-604]
Huang SC,Qin WQ,Zhou HQ,Ma ZL,Li CX,2007.Study onreproductive biology of Tetrastichus brontispae.EntomologicalJournal of East China,16(3):168-171,238.[黄山春,覃伟权,周焕起,马子龙,李朝绪,2007.椰心叶甲啮小蜂的繁殖生物学研究.华东昆虫学报,16(3):168-171,238]
Jacobs CGC,Zee MVD,2013.Immune competence in insect eggsdepends on the extraembryonic serosa.Developmental andComparative Immunology,41(2):263-269.
Kurtz J,Wiesner A,Gtz P,Sauer KP,2000.Gender differences andindividual variation in the immune system of the scorpionfly Panorpavulgaris(Insecta:Mecoptera).Developmental and ComparativeImmunology,24(1):1-12.
Laughton AM,Siva-Jothy MT,2011.A standardised protocol formeasuring phenoloxidase and prophenoloxidase in the honey bee,Apis mellifera.Apidologie,42(2):140-149.
Lazzaro BP,2008.Natural selection on the Drosophila antimicrobialimmune system.Current Opinion in Microbiology,11(3):284-289.
Login FH,Balmand S,Vallier A,Vincent-Monégat C,Vigneron A,Weiss-Gayet M,Rochat D,Heddi A,2011.Antimicrobial peptideskeep insect endosymbionts under control.Science,334(6054):362-365.
Lu HS,2008.Principles of Insect Immunology.Shanghai Scientific andTechnical Publishers,Shanghai.21-41.[吕鸿声,2008.昆虫免疫学原理.上海:上海科学技术出版社.21-41]
Lu J,Zhong Y,Liu L,Fu K,Chen ZW,2007.Optimization ofextraction technique for antibacterial peptides from Musca domesticalarvae.Acta Entomologica Sinica,50(1):106-112.[陆婕,钟雅,柳林,付康,陈正望,2007.家蝇蛆抗菌肽提取工艺研究.昆虫学报,50(1):106-112]
Maulik S,1921.A new hispid beetle injurious to nipa plam.Annals andMagazine of Natural History,7(9):451-452.
McN amara KB,Lieshout EV,Jones TM,Simmons LW,2013.Agedependent trade-offs between immunity and male,but not female,reproduction.Journal of Animal Ecology,82(1):235-244.
Modak SG,Satish KM,Mohan J,Dey S,Raghavedra N,Shakarad M,Joshi A,2009.A possible tradeoff between developmental rate andpathogen resistance in Drosophila melanogaster.Journal of Genetics,88(2):253-256.
Moreau J,Martinaud G,Troussard JP,Zanchi C,Moret Y,2012.Trans-generational immune priming is constrained by the maternalimmune response in an insect.Oikos,121(11):1828-1832.
Moret Y,2006.‘Trans-generational immune priming’:specificenhancement of the antimicrobial immune response in the mealwormbeetle,Tenebrio molitor.Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Science,273(1592):1399-1405.
Moret Y,Schmid-Hempel P,2000.Survival for immunity:the price ofimmune system activation for bumblebee workers.Science,290(5494):1166-1168.
Nunn CL,Lindenfors P,Pursall ER,Rolff J,2009.On sexualdimorphism in immune function.Philosophical Transactions of theRoyal Society B:Biological Sciences,364(1513):61-69.
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