实心结构古塔模型频域地震响应试验研究
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摘要
为研究地震作用下实心结构砖石古塔的频域地震响应与破坏机制,进行了兴教寺玄奘塔1/8比例模型振动台试验,观察结构的破坏特征,测试结构的加速度与位移反应并分析自振频率的变化特征,对比单向EL-Centro波与天津波作用下的加速度及位移频域响应曲线,分析了古塔结构频域地震响应的规律及其影响因素。结果表明:地震波激励下古塔结构模型第1层至第3层出现水平及斜向裂缝,当古塔结构发生地震损伤后,自振频率随之降低;古塔频域地震响应峰值的分布及其所对应的频率与结构的动力特性、地震波的频谱特性有关。因此,地震作用下实心砖石古塔结构频域地震响应与结构损伤程度密切相关。
In order to study frequency domain seismic responses and failure mechanism of masonry pagoda with solid structure under earthquake, shake table tests were conducted for the model with scale of 1/8 for Xuanzang Pagoda in Xingjiao Temple. Failure characteristics of the model structure were observed. The structure's acceleration and displacement responses were measured, and its natural frequencies' variation characteristics were analyzed. Its frequency domain acceleration and displacement response curves under El-Centro wave in a single direction were compared to those under Tianjin one in the same direction to analyze laws of the pagoda's frequency domain seismic responses and their affecting factors. The results showed that horizontal and oblique cracks appear in the pagoda model's 1 st～3 rd floors under seismic waves; after the pagoda has seismic damages, its natural frequencies drop; the peak value distribution of its frequency domain seismic responses and the corresponding frequency are related to its structure dynamic characteristics and seismic waves' spectral features, so the pagoda's frequency domain seismic responses are closely related to its structure's damage level.
In order to study frequency domain seismic responses and failure mechanism of masonry pagoda with solid structure under earthquake, shake table tests were conducted for the model with scale of 1/8 for Xuanzang Pagoda in Xingjiao Temple. Failure characteristics of the model structure were observed. The structure's acceleration and displacement responses were measured, and its natural frequencies' variation characteristics were analyzed. Its frequency domain acceleration and displacement response curves under El-Centro wave in a single direction were compared to those under Tianjin one in the same direction to analyze laws of the pagoda's frequency domain seismic responses and their affecting factors. The results showed that horizontal and oblique cracks appear in the pagoda model's 1 st～3 rd floors under seismic waves; after the pagoda has seismic damages, its natural frequencies drop; the peak value distribution of its frequency domain seismic responses and the corresponding frequency are related to its structure dynamic characteristics and seismic waves' spectral features, so the pagoda's frequency domain seismic responses are closely related to its structure's damage level.
引文
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[15] 王社良,刘伟,杨涛.西安小雁塔结构振动控制试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(16):113-121.WANG Sheliang,LIU Wei,YANG Tao.Experimental study on vibration control of Xiaoyan pagoda in Xi'an[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(16):113-121.
[16] 卢俊龙,刘伯权,张荫,等.某砖石古塔-地基相互作用系统地震反应分析[J].工业建筑,2012,42(6):102-105.LU Junlong,LIU Boquan,ZHANG Yin,et al.Seismic response analysis of interaction system of masonry pagoda and subsoil[J].Industrial Construction,2012,42(6):102-105.
[17] 袁建力.砖石古塔基本周期的简化计算方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,2015,35(2):151-156.YUAN Jianli.A simplified method for calculating the fundamental period of ancient masonry pagodas[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2015,35(2):151-156.
[2] 李德虎,魏琏.砖石古塔的历史震害与抗震机制[J].建筑科学,1990,6(1):13-18.LI Dehu,WEI Lian.The study on seismic properties of Chinese ancient masonry pagodas[J].Building Science,1990,6(1):13-18.
[3] 文立华,王尚文.一种建立古旧建筑物动力分析模型的方法[J].建筑结构,1998,28(5):52-55.WEN Lihua,WANG Shangwen.A method to found the model for dynamical analysis of ancient buildings[J].Building Structure,1998,28(5):52-55.
[4] 袁建力,李胜才,陆启玉,等.砖石古塔动力特性建模方法的研究[J].工程抗震,1998,20(1):22-25.YUAN Jianli,LI Shengcai,LU Qiyu,et al,Research on method to modeling for dynamic behaviors of masonry pagodas[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering,1998,20(1):22-25.
[5] 袁建力.砖石古塔震害程度与烈度的对应关系研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2013,33(2):164-167.YUAN Jianli.Study on corresponding relation between seismic intensity and damage degree of ancient masonry pagodas[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2013,33(2):164-167.
[6] 李胜才,赵有军,D'Ayala Dina,等.砖石古塔地震损伤演化的数值模拟[J].扬州大学学报,2014,17(4):60-63.LI Shengcai,ZHAO Youjun,D'AYALA Dina,et al.Numerical simulation on the seismic damage evolution of masonry ancient pagodas[J].Journal of Yangzhou University,2014,17(4):60-63.
[7] 陈平,赵冬,姚谦峰.西安大雁塔抗震能力探讨[J].建筑结构学报,1999,20(1):46-49.CHEN Ping,ZHAO Dong,YAO Qianfeng.A study on the aseismic behavior of Xi'an Dayan Tower[J].Journal of Building Structure,1999,20(1):46-49.
[8] 陈平,赵冬,姚谦峰.西安小雁塔抗震能力探讨[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),1999,31(2):149-151.CHEN Ping,ZHAO Dong,YAO Qianfeng.An exploration of the aseismic behavior of Xi'an Dayan Tower[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology(Natural Science Edition),1999,31(2):149-151.
[9] 林建生,林子健,陈俊峰.历史大震与泉州古建筑塔寺桥类的结构抗震[J].世界地震工程,2005,21(2):159-166.LIN Jiansheng,LIN Zijian,CHEN Junfeng.The ancient great earthquake and earthquake-resistance of the ancient buildings (towers,temple,bridges) in Quanzhou city[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2005,21(2):159-166.
[10] 岳建伟,彭燕伟.唐代惠明寺塔的动力特性研究[J].华中科技大学学报(城市科学版),2008,25(4):107-110.YUE Jianwei,PENG Yanwei.Dynamical characteristic of Huiming Temple Tower in Tang Dynasty[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Urban Science),2008,25(4):107-110.
[11] 张文芳,田洲,李叶,等.晋祠舍利生生塔砖结构的地震破坏形态研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2011,33(3):7-12.ZHANG Wenfang,TIAN Zhou,Li Ye,et al.Research on earthquake failure configuration of the Shelishengsheng pagoda brick structure in Jinci Temple[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2011,33(3):7-12.
[12] KIM J K,RYU H.Seismic test of a full-scale model of a five-storey stone pagoda[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2003,32(5):731-750.
[13] 赵祥,王社良,周福霖,等.基于SMA阻尼器的古塔模型结构振动台试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2011,30(11):219-223.ZHAO Xiang,WANG Sheliang,ZHOU Fulin,et al.Shaking table tests for ancient pagoda model structure based on shape memory alloy actuating devices[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2011,30(11):219-223.
[14] 黄襄云,王凤华.安装新型形状记忆合金阻尼器的古塔结构地震反应有限元分析[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(20):38-45.HUANG Xiangyun,WANG Fenghua.Finite element analysis for seismic response of an ancient pagoda with installed SMA damper[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(20):38-45.
[15] 王社良,刘伟,杨涛.西安小雁塔结构振动控制试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(16):113-121.WANG Sheliang,LIU Wei,YANG Tao.Experimental study on vibration control of Xiaoyan pagoda in Xi'an[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(16):113-121.
[16] 卢俊龙,刘伯权,张荫,等.某砖石古塔-地基相互作用系统地震反应分析[J].工业建筑,2012,42(6):102-105.LU Junlong,LIU Boquan,ZHANG Yin,et al.Seismic response analysis of interaction system of masonry pagoda and subsoil[J].Industrial Construction,2012,42(6):102-105.
[17] 袁建力.砖石古塔基本周期的简化计算方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,2015,35(2):151-156.YUAN Jianli.A simplified method for calculating the fundamental period of ancient masonry pagodas[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2015,35(2):151-156.