化学发泡式泡沫水泥浆稠化实验方法对比与分析
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摘要
水泥浆的稠化实验使用稠化仪,但泡沫水泥浆中本身含有气体,在加压过程中会造成稠化性能测量误差。针对此问题,采用3种测试方法测试了不同加量发泡剂条件下,化学发泡式泡沫水泥浆的稠度性能,并优选出最优的测试方法。分析了测试方法误差的产生原因,并通过力学分析和计算对最优测试方法的稠度曲线进行修正。结果表明,发泡剂反应剩余物对泡沫水泥浆具有促凝作用,含发泡剂剩余物的水泥浆稠化时间比不含发泡剂剩余物的少41%,其影响不能忽略;使用不含气体和含有气体的水泥浆所测稠化曲线相差不大(不含有和含有气体的水泥浆稠化时间相差1 min和11 min),但其稠化曲线形态有所差别,含有气体的泡沫水泥浆测得的稠化曲线更接近直角稠化;当气体含量较少或者水泥浆后期稠度增长较快时,修正前后的稠化时间可能相差不大,化学发泡式泡沫水泥浆修正前后达到100 Bc的稠化时间相差3 min。但当泡沫水泥浆密度较小、气体含量较大,或者后期稠度增长较慢时,必须对测得的数据进行修正后才能使用。
Consistency tester is used to measure the thickening of cement slurry. For foamed cement slurries, air contained in the slurries often results in errors in consistencies measured. To minimize the effects of air on the consistency of cement slurry, three methods have been used to measure the consistencies of foamed cement slurries treated with different concentrations of foamers, and an optimized measuring method has been selected. Sources of the errors have been analyzed, and the consistency curves obtained from the optimized measuring method corrected through mechanical analyses and calculation. It was found that the residue foamers in cement slurry accelerated the thickening process, and the thickening time of the cement slurry containing residue foamer was 41% less than that of the cement slurry with no residue foamer, indicating that the effects of residue foamer should not be ignored. In two consistency tests with one cement slurry containing air and another one containing no air in it, the differences in thickening times were small(1 min and 11 min, respectively), while the shapes of the thickening curves were quite different; the thickening curve of the foamed cement slurry was more of right-angled. Cement slurry containing less air, or cement slurry with later consistency increasing faster, difference between the thickening times before and after correction was small; for chemically foamed cement slurries, this time difference was only 3 min when the consistencies before and after correction had both reached 100 Bc. For cement slurries with low density and high air content, or cement slurry with its later consistency increasing slowly, the consistency measured has to be corrected.
Consistency tester is used to measure the thickening of cement slurry. For foamed cement slurries, air contained in the slurries often results in errors in consistencies measured. To minimize the effects of air on the consistency of cement slurry, three methods have been used to measure the consistencies of foamed cement slurries treated with different concentrations of foamers, and an optimized measuring method has been selected. Sources of the errors have been analyzed, and the consistency curves obtained from the optimized measuring method corrected through mechanical analyses and calculation. It was found that the residue foamers in cement slurry accelerated the thickening process, and the thickening time of the cement slurry containing residue foamer was 41% less than that of the cement slurry with no residue foamer, indicating that the effects of residue foamer should not be ignored. In two consistency tests with one cement slurry containing air and another one containing no air in it, the differences in thickening times were small(1 min and 11 min, respectively), while the shapes of the thickening curves were quite different; the thickening curve of the foamed cement slurry was more of right-angled. Cement slurry containing less air, or cement slurry with later consistency increasing faster, difference between the thickening times before and after correction was small; for chemically foamed cement slurries, this time difference was only 3 min when the consistencies before and after correction had both reached 100 Bc. For cement slurries with low density and high air content, or cement slurry with its later consistency increasing slowly, the consistency measured has to be corrected.
引文
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[2]曹鹤.高温高压稠化仪分析及改进设计[D].沈阳航空工业学院,2008.CAO He.Analysis and improvement design of high temperature and high pressure and high temperature and high pressure[D].Shenyang Aerospace University,2008.
[3]陈旭英.美国稠化仪常见故障的分析与解决办法[J].四川水泥,2011(01)48-49.CHEN Xuying.Analysis and solution of common failure of the United States[J].Sichuan Cement,2011(01):48-49.
[4]陈长征,张省.油井水泥测试方法[M].北京:化工工业出版社,2003,17-18.CHEN Changzheng,ZHANG Sheng.Oil well cement testing method[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2003,17-18.
[5]苏如军,李新芬,刘建文,等.高温抗盐直角稠化水泥浆体系[J].钻井液与完井液,2005,22(S1):69-71.SU Rujun,LI Xinfen,LIU Jianwen,et al.High temperature anti salt right angle thickening cement slurry system[J].Drilling Fluid and Completion Fluid,2005,22(S1):69-71.
[6]熊瑞生,姚庆钊.磁化水对水泥标准稠度用水量影响的实验研究[J].混凝土,2002(9):42-44.XIONG Ruisheng,YAO Qingzhao.Experimental study on the effect of magnetized water on the water consumption of cement standard consistency[J].Concrete,2002(9):42-44.
[7]陈国良.基于Qt/Embedded的嵌入式水泥稠化数据采集显示系统[D].大连海事大学,2011.CHEN Guoliang.Qt/Embedded based embedded cement thickening data collection and display system[D].Dalian Maritime University,2011.
[8]PURVIS D L,Mueller D T,DAWSON J C,et al.Thickening time test apparatus provides method of simulating actual shear history of oilwell cements[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,1993.
[9]胡焕校,熊欢,罗玮,等.泡沫水泥浆稳泡剂的优选实验研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2012,23(1):114-116.HU Huanxiao,XIONG Huan,LUO Wei,et al.Foam cement foam stabilizer for experimental research on Optimization[J].Water Resources:and Water Engineering,2012,23(1):114-116.
[10]FRISCH G J,GRAHAM W L,GRIFFITH J.Assessment of foamed:Cement slurries using conventional cement evaluation logs and improved interpretation methods[C]//SPE Rocky Mountain regional meeting.1999:509-518.
[11]陈旭英.稠化仪常见故障分析与解决办法[J].设备管理与维修,2011(1):68-68.CHEN Xuying.Common failure analysis and solution of the thickener[J].Equipment Management and Maintenance,2011(1):68-68.
[12]贾芝,胡富源,郭卫军,等.用于封固气层的泡沫水泥浆固井技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2003,20(2):22-24.JIA Zhi,HU Fuyuan,GUO Weijun,et al.Foam cement slurry cementing technology for sealing gas reservoir[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2003,20(2):22-24.
[13]胡伟.泡沫水泥浆体系研究与应用[D].东北石油大学,2012.HU Wei.Research and application of foam cement slurry system[D].Northeast Petroleum University,2012.
[14]高书阳,王成彪,石秉忠,等.气体组成对钻井液中水合物形成动力学影响[J].钻井液与完井液,2015,32(5):19-22,26.GAO Shuyang,WANG Chengbiao,SHI Bingzhong,et al.Influence of gas composition on the formation kinetics of hydrate formation in drilling fluid[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2015,32(5):19-22,26.
[15]张颖,陈大钧,李竞,等.塑性低密度水泥浆体系的室内研究[J].钻井液与完井液,2011,28(2):63-65.ZHANG Ying,CHEN Dajun,LI Jing,et al.Laboratory study on plastic and low-density cement slurry[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2011,28(2):63-65.
[16]胡中磊.水泥稠化时间的研究[J].钻采工艺,1995,18(2):71-74.HU Zhonglei.Study on the drilling technology[J].Cement Thickening Time,1995,18(2):71-74.