中国代表性森林经营技术模式对比研究
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摘要
森林经营是林业发展永恒的主题,对比研究中国代表性的森林经营技术模式,为了解这些模式的实践应用情况和因地制宜的选择适应性的技术模式提供参考。采用文献分析法,系统论述中国自二十世纪五六十年代以来涌现的技术模式以及实践应用现状,包括法正林、检查法、采伐强度控制、森林生态采伐、结构化经营及近自然经营等经营技术模式。从理论来源、核心思想、技术体系、优缺点以及应用情况等方面进行对比分析,得出不同森林经营模式的适用情况,提出我国森林经营模式发展的一些思考和建议。森林多功能的需求是当前森林经营面临的挑战,同时也是难得的机遇。生态采伐、结构化经营和近自然经营这3种模式均属于森林多功能经营的代表性技术模式,未来探索发挥森林多种功能的森林经营模式将成为森林经营研究的重要任务。
Forest management is the eternal theme of forestry development. Comparative study of China's representative forest management technology modes provides a reference for understanding the practical application of these modes and the adaptability of the technology mode according to local conditions. By using the method of literature analysis,this paper introduced and summarized the technological modes emerging in China since 1950 s,including normal forest,control method,cutting intensity control,ecology-based forest harvesting,structure-based forest management and close-to-nature forest management. These modes were compared and analyzed from the aspects of theoretical sources,concepts,technical system,advantages,disadvantages and application. The suitable conditions of different forest management modes were pointed out,and suggestions on the development of forest management modes in China were put forward. The demand for multi-functional forests is a challenge and a rare opportunity for forest management. Ecology-based forest harvesting,structure-based forest management and close-to-nature forest management are all representative technology modes of forest multi-functional management. It will be an important task in forest management research of exploring forest management modes that exploit the multiple functions of forests.
Forest management is the eternal theme of forestry development. Comparative study of China's representative forest management technology modes provides a reference for understanding the practical application of these modes and the adaptability of the technology mode according to local conditions. By using the method of literature analysis,this paper introduced and summarized the technological modes emerging in China since 1950 s,including normal forest,control method,cutting intensity control,ecology-based forest harvesting,structure-based forest management and close-to-nature forest management. These modes were compared and analyzed from the aspects of theoretical sources,concepts,technical system,advantages,disadvantages and application. The suitable conditions of different forest management modes were pointed out,and suggestions on the development of forest management modes in China were put forward. The demand for multi-functional forests is a challenge and a rare opportunity for forest management. Ecology-based forest harvesting,structure-based forest management and close-to-nature forest management are all representative technology modes of forest multi-functional management. It will be an important task in forest management research of exploring forest management modes that exploit the multiple functions of forests.
引文
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[11]马映栋,张宋智,王鹏,等.不同采伐强度对小陇山辽东栎天然林空间结构的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(6):164-170.MA Y D,ZHANG S Z,WANG P,et al. Effect of different cutting intensities on spatial structure of Quercus wutaishanica natural secondary forests in Xiaolong mountains[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(6):164-170.
[12]曹新孙.现代择伐的理论体系[J].生态学进展,1988,5(1):15-24.CAO X S. The theoretical system of selective cutting[J]. Advances in Ecology,1988,5(1):15-24.
[13]亢新刚,胡文力,董景林,等,过伐林区检查法经营针阔混交林林分结构动态[J].北京林业大学学报,2003,25(6):1-5.KANG X G,HU W L,DONG J L,et al. Forest structure dynamics of coniferous-broad leaved mixed forests by management of control method in over-logged forest region[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2003,25(6):1-5.
[14]于政中,亢新刚,李法胜,等,检查法第一经理期研究[J].林业科学,1996,32(1):24-34.YU Z Z,KANG X G,LI F S,et al. A primary study on the technique of control method[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,1996,32(1):24-34.
[15]韩景军,罗菊春,肖文发,等.长白山北部林区检查法经营云冷杉林对枯落物分解及土壤含水率的影响[J].林业科学研究,2000,13(1):31-38.HAN J J,LUO J C,XIAO W F,et al. Effects of control method on spruce fir forest’litter decomposition and soil moisture content in north Changbai Mountains[J]. Forest Research,2000,13(1):31-38.
[16]周宁.金沟岭林场二十年检查法实验效果分析研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2011.ZHOU N. Research of effects of control method during two decades in Jingouling forest farm[D]. Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2001.
[17]赵秀海,吴榜华,史济彦.世界森林生态采伐理论的研究进展[J].吉林林学院学报,1994(3):204-210.ZHAO X H,WU B H,SHI J Y. Research progress on the theories of world forest ecological harvesting[J]. Journal of Jilin Forestry Institute,1994(3):204-210.
[18]唐守正.东北天然林生态采伐更新技术研究[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2005.TANG S Z. Study on the ecological cutting and renewal technology of northeast natural forest[M]. Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2005.
[19]张会儒,汤孟平,舒清态.森林生态采伐的理论与实践[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006.ZHANG H R,TANG M P,SHU Q T. Theory and practice of ecology-based harvesting[M]. Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2006.
[20]张会儒.落叶松云冷杉林生长模拟及生态采伐更新技术体系研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2006.ZHANG H R. Study on the growth modeling and technical system of ecology based harvesting and regeneration for Larch and spruce[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2006.
[21]张会儒,唐守正.森林生态采伐理论[J].林业科学,2008,44(10):127-131.ZHANG H R,TANG S Z. Theory of ecology-based forest harvesting[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2008,44(10):127-131.
[22]张会儒,唐守正.森林生态采伐研究简述[J].林业科学,2007,43(9):83-86.ZHANG H R,TANG S Z. Review on the study of ecology-based forest harvesting[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2007,43(09):83-87.
[23]惠刚盈,赵中华,胡艳波,等.结构化森林经营原理[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2016.HUI G Y,ZHAO Z H,HU Y B,et al. Principles of structurebased forest management[M]. Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2016.
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