云南勐堆水库利用花岗岩风化砂筑坝可行性研究
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摘要
云南保山勐堆水库工程位于花岗岩地区,坝址区方圆数千米内均是花岗岩,坝基两岸岩体全风化深度大,只适合修建土石坝。坝址附近花岗岩风化砂分布广泛,厚度大、储量多、易于开采。通过调查、收集国内外一些工程利用花岗岩风化砂作为大坝填筑料的成功经验,对勐堆水库工程及周边的花岗岩风化砂物理力学性质、风化机制及长期稳定性、动力特性及风化砂坝体稳定性等进行了研究。研究表明:无论从理论上或是实践上,勐堆水库工程及周边的花岗岩风化砂作为分区坝填筑料使用均是可行的。建议通过合理的设计和施工充分发挥勐堆水库工程及周边的花岗岩风化砂特性,修建既经济又环境交好安全的分区坝。
The Mengdui reservoir project in Yunnan is located in granite area. Deep weathering occurred on both sides of the dam foundation, resulting in only earth rockfill dam can be constructed. The nearby weathered granite sand are widely distributed with large thickness and reserves and are easy to mine. Therefore, the research on the feasibility of using granite weathered sand mined in nearby area as dam building material is of great significance to building economic, safe and environment-friendly dam. Through investigating and collecting the successful experience of some projects at home and abroad in dam building using weathered sand as the dam filling material, this paper studied the physical properties, weathering cause, long-term stability, dynamic properties of the weathered sand and the dam stability built by weathered sand. The results showed that: both in theory and in practice, it is feasible to use the weathered sand as zoned dam filling materials. It is suggested that the engineering properties of weathered sand should be fully given into play in the design and construction to build economic and safe zoned dam.
The Mengdui reservoir project in Yunnan is located in granite area. Deep weathering occurred on both sides of the dam foundation, resulting in only earth rockfill dam can be constructed. The nearby weathered granite sand are widely distributed with large thickness and reserves and are easy to mine. Therefore, the research on the feasibility of using granite weathered sand mined in nearby area as dam building material is of great significance to building economic, safe and environment-friendly dam. Through investigating and collecting the successful experience of some projects at home and abroad in dam building using weathered sand as the dam filling material, this paper studied the physical properties, weathering cause, long-term stability, dynamic properties of the weathered sand and the dam stability built by weathered sand. The results showed that: both in theory and in practice, it is feasible to use the weathered sand as zoned dam filling materials. It is suggested that the engineering properties of weathered sand should be fully given into play in the design and construction to build economic and safe zoned dam.
引文
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[2] SL274-2001碾压式土石坝设计规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.
[3] 左东启,顾兆勋,王文修,等.水工设计手册·土石坝[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1984.
[4] 林宗元.岩土工程试验监测手册[M].北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2005:262-270.
[5] SL251-2015水利水电工程天然建筑材料勘察规程[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015.
[6] GB/T50145-2007土的工程分类标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2008.
[7] 毛守仁.三峡坝区花岗岩风化砂作为填料的工程性质试验研究[J].葛洲坝水电,1996,14(4):66-69.
[8] GB50487-2008水利水电工程地质勘察规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2009.
[9] 李思慎,吴昌瑜,任大春.三峡工程二期围堰渗流问题研究[J].长江科学院院报,1997,36(9):27-29.
[10] 王思敬,杨志法,傅冰骏,等.中国岩石力学与工程世纪成就[M].南京:河海大学出版社,2004,799-800.
[11] 董学晟,田野,邬爱清,等.水工岩石力学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.487-488.
[12] 程展林,包承纲.三峡工程二期围堰填料特性试验研究[J].长江科学院院报,1997,4(14):63-65.
[13] 屈智炯,何昌荣,刘双光.新型石渣坝[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.
[14] 袁黎明.花岗岩“风化壳”上的筑坝技术[J].水利规划与设计,2009(5):68-70.
[15] 陈兴聪.回龙河水库全风化花岗岩坝基地震液化判别[J].云南水力发电,2008,24(3):19-21.
[16] 康怀义.个旧市花果山水库的工程地质特点[J].云南水力发电,2003(19):21-32.
[17] 郑茂军,董卫国.以风化花岗岩代替砂料在筑坝中的成功应用[J].大坝与安全,2005(4):64-65.
[18] 程裕淇,王鸿祯,马杏垣,等.中国大百科全书·地质学[M].上海:中国大百科全书出版社,1993.
[19] 方滇东.糯扎渡水电站坝址区全、强风化花岗岩工程特性及工程边坡防护措施[D].成都:成都理工大学,2008.
[20] 熊官卿,李青云,范一林,等.三峡茅坪溪风化砂长期稳定性试验研究[J].长江科学院院报,1999,16(6):24 -27.
[21] 赵仕杰,冯葎.刘家箐水库大坝安全性分析[J].人民长江,2005,36(9):27-29.