基于InVEST模型的喀斯特流域水源涵养量——以贵州省内乌江流域为例
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摘要
探讨喀斯特地区流域生态系统的水源涵养能力对为当地制定水土流失方案和规划水源涵养林有重要意义。以贵州省内乌江流域为例,采用In VEST模型定量评估研究区产水量和水源涵养量,在此基础上,探讨了纯喀斯特、亚喀斯特和非喀斯特景观涵养水分能力的差异。结果表明:1)研究区总产水量为365.14×10~8m~3,总水源涵养量为14.66×10~8m~3,单元产水量和单元水源涵养量分别为549.06 mm~3和55.12 mm~3;2)产水量空间分布表现为自南向北逐渐递减,水源涵养量空间分布呈现自南向北逐渐递增趋势;3)地类间的单元水源涵养量由高到低排序为林地>草地>耕地>裸地>建设用地>水域;三种景观的单元水源涵养量由高到低排序为非喀斯特>亚喀斯特>纯喀斯特。
Exploring the water conservation capacity of the river basin ecosystems in karst areas is of great significance for the planning of soil erosion control programs and water conservation forests.Taking Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou as the research target,we adopted the InVEST model to quantitatively evaluate the water yield and water conservation in the target area.On this basis,the differences in water conservation capacity of pure karst,sub-karst and non-karst landscapes were discussed.The results showed that:1) the total water yield in the target area was 365.14×10~8 m~3,the total water conservation was 14.66×10~8 m~3,and the water yieldand water conservation per unit area were 549.06 mm~3 and 55.12 mm~3 respectively;2) the spatial distribution of water yieldgradually decreased from south to north,while the spatial distribution of water conservation increased from south to north;3) water conservation per unit area of different land use types ranked as below:forest land > grassland > cultivated land > bare land > construction land > waters,and water conservation of the three landscapes ranked as non-karst > sub-karst> pure karst.
Exploring the water conservation capacity of the river basin ecosystems in karst areas is of great significance for the planning of soil erosion control programs and water conservation forests.Taking Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou as the research target,we adopted the InVEST model to quantitatively evaluate the water yield and water conservation in the target area.On this basis,the differences in water conservation capacity of pure karst,sub-karst and non-karst landscapes were discussed.The results showed that:1) the total water yield in the target area was 365.14×10~8 m~3,the total water conservation was 14.66×10~8 m~3,and the water yieldand water conservation per unit area were 549.06 mm~3 and 55.12 mm~3 respectively;2) the spatial distribution of water yieldgradually decreased from south to north,while the spatial distribution of water conservation increased from south to north;3) water conservation per unit area of different land use types ranked as below:forest land > grassland > cultivated land > bare land > construction land > waters,and water conservation of the three landscapes ranked as non-karst > sub-karst> pure karst.
引文
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[2]刘兆芹.水源涵养功能重要性评价---以湖北省为例[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2013:3.
[3]柯新利,普鹍鹏,杨柏寒,等.耕地保护对生态系统水源涵养功能的影响---以武汉市为例[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(1):396-402.
[4]刘璐璐,曹巍,邵全琴.南北盘江森林生态系统水源涵养功能评价[J].地理科学,2016,36(4):603-611.
[5]周允安,黄承标,曾戍秀,等.不同人工林类型枯枝落叶层及土壤层水源涵养功能分析[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(14):85-87..
[6]ZONG Y,XIAO Q,LU S.Acidity,water retention,and mechanical physical quality of a strongly acidic Ultisol amended with biochars derived from different feedstocks[J].Journal of Soils&Sediments,2016,16(1):177-190.
[7]BOARD M E A.Ecosystems and human well-being:synthesis[J].Physics Teacher,2005,34(9):534-534.
[8]洪宇辰,白浪,喻舒林.沐川县水源涵养能力变化研究[J].科技创新与应用,2018(25):91-92.
[9]吴丹,邵全琴,王浩然,等.四川省石棉县森林生态系统水源涵养能力研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(5):80-86.
[10]张灿强,李文华,张彪,等.基于土壤动态蓄水的森林水源涵养能力计量及其空间差异[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(4):697-704.
[11]吴丹,邵全琴,刘纪远,等.中国草地生态系统水源涵养服务时空变化[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):256-260.
[12]杨金明.基于分布式水文模型的森林水源涵养功能评价[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2014:41.
[13]朱丽,秦富仓,姚云峰,等.基于SWAT模型的华北土石山区流域不同水源涵养林类型的水文响应模拟[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,34(5):60-64.
[14]王耕,韩冬雪.基于In VEST模型的大凌河上游汇水区水源涵养功能评估[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(3):206-211.
[15]包玉斌,李婷,柳辉,等.基于In VEST模型的陕北黄土高原水源涵养功能时空变化[J].地理研究,2016,35(4):664-676.
[16]卓静,何慧娟,邹继业.近15 a秦岭林区水源涵养量变化特征[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(3):604-612.
[17]聂忆黄,龚斌,李忠.青藏高原水源涵养能力时空变化规律[J].地学前缘,2010,17(1):373-377.
[18]SANDSTRM K.Can forests"provide"water:widespread myth or scientific reality[J].Ambio,1998,27(2):132-138.
[19]SAHIN V,HALL M J.The effects of afforestation and deforestation on water yields[J].Journal of Hydrology,1996,178(1):293-309.
[20]陈姗姗.南水北调水源区水源涵养与土壤保持生态系统服务功能研究[D].西安:西北大学,2016:46.
[21]贵州省土壤普查办公室.贵州土种志[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1994.
[22]王玉纯,赵军,付杰文,等.石羊河流域水源涵养功能定量评估及空间差异[J].生态学报,2018,38(13):4637-4648.
[23]皋鹏飞,李玉凤,刘红玉,等.水塘系统的水源涵养贡献力评估---以风岭流域为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2016,32(6):94-100.
[24]俞佳骏,余树全,梁立成,等.浙江省丽水市莲都区水源涵养功能动态变化及发展趋势[J].浙江农林大学学报,2018,35(2):189-198.
[25]伍光和,王乃昂,胡双熙,等.自然地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008.
[26]胡锋,安裕伦,许璟.“亚喀斯特”概念与景观特征的初步探讨---以贵州为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(8):1569-1580.