德清县水环境压力与胁迫类型区划分
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摘要
在第一次地理国情普查统计数据与调研数据的支持下,采取小流域划分与圩区划分相结合的方法,对德清县进行水环境空间评价单元划分。选用畜禽养殖污水排放量、重点企业污水排放量、农药化肥入河量、城镇与乡村生活污水排放量等5个指标,运用GIS空间分析与统计分析方法进行水污染负荷综合分析,并进行压力类型划分。尝试利用水环境功能区划及生态环境功能区划的既有成果对各空间评价单元进行水环境目标类型区划分,并将水环境目标类型与其水环境压力类型进行空间匹配分析,共划分为7种水环境胁迫类型区。此外,对各胁迫类型区的主要村域分布进行了识别。
Based on the data from the first census of geographical information, Deqing County has been divided into 58 assessment units of water environment space by combining the division of small watershed and polder area. Using spatial analysis and statistical analysis in GIS and choosing sewage production from livestock and poultry, sewage discharge of key enterprises, pesticide and fertilizer input, urban and rural domestic sewage discharge, water pollution load was comprehensively analyzed and water pollution pressure was divided. This study attempted to divide target regionalization of water environment using the outcome of function zoning of both water environment and ecological environment.Meanwhile we conducted a spatial matching analysis by combining water environment target and water environment pressure of each spatial evaluation. Totally, Deqing County has been divided into seven types of water environment risk regions including low-target and low-pressure region, medium-target and low-pressure region, low-target and mediumpressure region, high-target and low-pressure region, low-target and high-pressure region, medium-target and mediumpressure region, and medium-target and high-pressure region, respectively. Then main administrative villages distributed by various pressure and risk regions are identified. This research would improve the pertinence of sewage governance in Deqing County and provide certain reference for guiding industry promotion and spatial distribution.
Based on the data from the first census of geographical information, Deqing County has been divided into 58 assessment units of water environment space by combining the division of small watershed and polder area. Using spatial analysis and statistical analysis in GIS and choosing sewage production from livestock and poultry, sewage discharge of key enterprises, pesticide and fertilizer input, urban and rural domestic sewage discharge, water pollution load was comprehensively analyzed and water pollution pressure was divided. This study attempted to divide target regionalization of water environment using the outcome of function zoning of both water environment and ecological environment.Meanwhile we conducted a spatial matching analysis by combining water environment target and water environment pressure of each spatial evaluation. Totally, Deqing County has been divided into seven types of water environment risk regions including low-target and low-pressure region, medium-target and low-pressure region, low-target and mediumpressure region, high-target and low-pressure region, low-target and high-pressure region, medium-target and mediumpressure region, and medium-target and high-pressure region, respectively. Then main administrative villages distributed by various pressure and risk regions are identified. This research would improve the pertinence of sewage governance in Deqing County and provide certain reference for guiding industry promotion and spatial distribution.
引文
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[15]田富姣,于鲁冀,赵晴.基于生态系统的水环境压力分区指标体系构建[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(10):191-195.[TIAN F J,YU L J,ZHAO Q.Indicator system construction of water environment pressure zoning based on ecosystem[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,34(10):191-195.]
[16]沈满洪."五水共治"的体制、机制、制度创新[J].嘉兴学院学报,2015,27(1):54-57.[SHEN M H.Innovation on"Five Water Co Governance"system,mechanism and institution[J].Journal of Jiaxing University,2015,27(1):54-57.]
[17]陈加兵,励惠国,郑达贤,等.基于DEM的福建省小流域划分研究[J].地球信息科学,2007,9(2):74-77,95.[CHEN J B,LI H G,ZHENG D X,et al.A study on the classification of watersheds in Fujian Province based on DEM[J].Geo-Information Science,2007,9(2):74-77,95.]
[18]邓洋.平原圩区的水文特征分析与水量交换计算[D].南京:南京师范大学硕士学位论文,2014.[DENG Y.Hydrological characteristics analysis and water exchange modeling for polders in plain river network area[D].Nanjing:Master Dissertation of Nanjing Normal University,2014.]
①农田排污系数为每公顷农药化肥施用量,农药化肥入河系数参考江苏省环境科学研究院编制的《太湖流域主要入湖河流水环境综合整治规划编制技术规范》的指标,即0.1。
[2]TSUZUKI Y.Relationships between water pollutant discharges per capita(PDCs)and indicators of economic level,water supply and sanitation in developing countries[J].Ecological Economics,2008,68(1/2):273-287.
[3]KRYSANOVA V,KUNDZEWICZ Z W,PI?SKWAR I,et al.Regional socio-economic and environmental changes and their impacts on water resources on example of Odra and Elbe basins[J].Water Resources Management,2006,20(4):607-641.
[4]WANG H D,WANG S H,BAO Q S,et al.On regional differentiation of river water environment capacity and strategies to control water environment pollution in China[J].Chinese Geographical Science,1995,5(2):116-124.
[5]王磊,张磊,段学军,等.江苏省太湖流域产业结构的水环境污染效应[J].生态学报,2011,31(22):6832-6844.[WANG L,ZHANG L,DUAN X J,et al.Water-environment effects of industry structure in Taihu Lake Basin in Jiangsu Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(22):6832-6844.]
[6]吴丹,王亚华.中国经济发展与水环境压力脱钩态势评价与展望[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(9):1103-1109.[WU D,WANG Y H.Evaluation and prospect on the decoupling trend of economic development and water environment pressure in China[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2013,22(9):1103-1109.]
[7]兀伟,邓国庆,张静,等.地理国情监测内容与分类体系探讨[J].测绘标准化,2012,28(4):10-12.[WU W,DENG G Q,ZHANG J,et al.On Contents and classification system for national geographic conditions monitoring[J].Standardization of Surveying and Mapping,2012,28(4):10-12.]
[8]宋尚萍,陈世培,李井春,等.地理国情普查内容与指标体系构建方法研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2014,37(6):60-62.[SONG S P,CHEN S P,LI J C,et al.Study on national geographical condition survey content and indicator system construction[J].Geomatics&Spatial Information Technology,2014,37(6):60-62.]
[9]SUN W,CHEN W,CHEN C,et al.Constraint regionalization of water environment and the guidance for industrial layout:a case study of Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2011,21(5):937-948.
[10]陈雯,禚振坤,赵海霞,等.水环境约束分区与空间开发引导研究--以无锡市为例[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(1):129-134.[CHEN W,ZHUO Z K,ZHAO H X,et al.Regionalization of water environmental risk and spatial development guidance:a case study of Wuxi City[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2008,20(1):129-134.]
[11]袁洪锋.我国水环境压力及其特征分析[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2002,29(2):219-224.[YUAN H F.Analysis on China's water environment pressure with its related characteristics[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition),2002,29(2):219-224.]
[12]张培,田富姣.基于GIS的区域水环境压力分区研究[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(5):14-18.[ZHANG P,TIAN F J.Regional water environmental pressure regionalization based on GIS[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(5):14-18.]
[13]范清华,张宁红,黄卫,等.江苏省环境胁迫压力变化趋势研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(5):159-163.[FAN Q H,ZHANG N H,HUANG W,et al.Study on changing trend of environmental stress pressure in Jiangsu Province[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,37(5):159-163.]
[14]黎攀.基于二元循环的区域水环境压力分析和多目标调控研究[D].北京:清华大学硕士学位论文,2011.[LI P.Analysis and multi-objective regulation of regional water environment pressure based on dualistic water cycle[D].Beijing:Master Dissertation of Tsinghua University,2011.]
[15]田富姣,于鲁冀,赵晴.基于生态系统的水环境压力分区指标体系构建[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(10):191-195.[TIAN F J,YU L J,ZHAO Q.Indicator system construction of water environment pressure zoning based on ecosystem[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,34(10):191-195.]
[16]沈满洪."五水共治"的体制、机制、制度创新[J].嘉兴学院学报,2015,27(1):54-57.[SHEN M H.Innovation on"Five Water Co Governance"system,mechanism and institution[J].Journal of Jiaxing University,2015,27(1):54-57.]
[17]陈加兵,励惠国,郑达贤,等.基于DEM的福建省小流域划分研究[J].地球信息科学,2007,9(2):74-77,95.[CHEN J B,LI H G,ZHENG D X,et al.A study on the classification of watersheds in Fujian Province based on DEM[J].Geo-Information Science,2007,9(2):74-77,95.]
[18]邓洋.平原圩区的水文特征分析与水量交换计算[D].南京:南京师范大学硕士学位论文,2014.[DENG Y.Hydrological characteristics analysis and water exchange modeling for polders in plain river network area[D].Nanjing:Master Dissertation of Nanjing Normal University,2014.]
①农田排污系数为每公顷农药化肥施用量,农药化肥入河系数参考江苏省环境科学研究院编制的《太湖流域主要入湖河流水环境综合整治规划编制技术规范》的指标,即0.1。