硅酸钠改良水泥基稳定磷石膏在路面基层中的试验研究
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摘要
磷石膏是一种固体废弃材料,磷石膏的堆存浪费大量土地资源,严重污染土壤与水环境,并可能引发滑坡溃坝,因此进行磷石膏的资源化利用迫在眉睫。本文采用硅酸钠改良水泥基稳定磷石膏,开展路面基层试验研究。通过无侧限抗压强度试验、水稳定性试验、干缩试验及扫描电镜试验,研究了硅酸钠在不同掺量、掺入方式、养护龄期条件下改良水泥基稳定磷石膏的物理力学特性,揭示了硅酸钠促进水泥水化并产生水化硅酸钙,从而提高混合料强度的改良机理。试验结果表明,当溶于水的硅酸钠掺量为2%～4%时,可有效改良水泥基稳定磷石膏混合料的抗压强度、水稳定性能、失水率及干缩应变,并提出在路面基层施工后的4～5 d内,是有效控制路面基层失水与干缩的最佳时间,从而可避免因水分快速散失导致裂缝的产生。
Phosphogypsum is a solid waste material. The storage of phosphogypsum wastes a lot of land resources and seriously pollutes the soil and water environment. And it may cause landslides. Therefore,it is extremely urgent to utilize phosphogypsum resources. In this paper we researched the cement-based stabilized phosphogypsum modified by sodium silicate to use in pavement base. Through unconfined compressive strength test,water stability test,dry shrinkage test and scanning electron microscope test,we obtained the physical and mechanical properties of cement-based stabilized phosphogypsum modified by sodium silicate using different dosage,incorporation mode and curing age. Sodium silicate promotes the hydration of cement and produces calcium silicate hydrate. It reveals the improvement mechanism of the strength of the mixture. The experimental results show that the compressive strength,water stability,water loss rate and dry shrinkage strain of cement-based stabilized phosphogypsum mixture can be effectively improved when the content of sodium silicate dissolved in water is 2%～ 4%. It is suggested that within 4-5 days after the construction of thepavement base,it is the best time to effectively control the water loss and dry shrinkage of the pavement base,so as to avoid the occurrence of cracks caused by rapid water loss.
Phosphogypsum is a solid waste material. The storage of phosphogypsum wastes a lot of land resources and seriously pollutes the soil and water environment. And it may cause landslides. Therefore,it is extremely urgent to utilize phosphogypsum resources. In this paper we researched the cement-based stabilized phosphogypsum modified by sodium silicate to use in pavement base. Through unconfined compressive strength test,water stability test,dry shrinkage test and scanning electron microscope test,we obtained the physical and mechanical properties of cement-based stabilized phosphogypsum modified by sodium silicate using different dosage,incorporation mode and curing age. Sodium silicate promotes the hydration of cement and produces calcium silicate hydrate. It reveals the improvement mechanism of the strength of the mixture. The experimental results show that the compressive strength,water stability,water loss rate and dry shrinkage strain of cement-based stabilized phosphogypsum mixture can be effectively improved when the content of sodium silicate dissolved in water is 2%～ 4%. It is suggested that within 4-5 days after the construction of thepavement base,it is the best time to effectively control the water loss and dry shrinkage of the pavement base,so as to avoid the occurrence of cracks caused by rapid water loss.
引文
Academy of Highway Science,Ministry of Communications.2009.Test methods of materials stabilized with inorganic binders for highway engineering(JTG E51-2009)[S].Beijing:China Communications Press.
Academy of Highway Science,Ministry of Communications.2007.Test methods of soils for highway engineering(JTG E40-2007)[S].Beijing:China Communications Press.
Contreras M,Teixeira S R,Santos G T A,et al.2018.Influence of the addition of phosphogypsum on some properties of ceramic tiles[J].Construction and Building Materials,175:588-600.
Du T T,Li Z Q,Zhou Y X,et al.2018.A study on the application of cement phosphogypsum stabilized material in pavement base[J].Highway,63(2):189-195.
He X Y,Dai F,Su Y,et al.2017.Properties of phosphogypsum-portland cement-slag composites[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,36(8):2673-2677.
Jian W B,Zhang D,Huang C X.2013.Micromechanism of cementsodium silicate-stabilized soft soils[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,35(S2):632-637.
Kandil A T,Cheira M F,Gado H S,et al.2017.Ammonium sulfate preparation from phosphogypsum waste[J].Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences,10(1):24-33.
Liu Y X,Liu H P.2005.Optimal parameter selection of cement-water glass two-shot grouting[J].Mining and Metallurgy,14(4):1-3,22.
Liu S Y,Zhang T,Cai G J.2018.Research on technology and engineering application of silt subgrade solidified by ligin-based industrial byproduct[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,31(3):1-11.
Li Y,Luo W H,Li G X,et al.2018.Performance of phosphogypsum and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer for nitrogen conservation in pig manure composting[J].Bioresource Technology,250:53-59.
Lin Z.2014.Study on gelling and water-resistance of phosphogypsum by fast-burning[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University.
Mahmoud E,El-Kader N A.2015.Heavy metal immobilization in contaminated soils using phosphogypsum and rice straw compost[J].Land Degradation&Development,26(8):819-824.
Mohamed K R,Mousa S M,El Bassyouni G T.2014.Fabrication of nano structural biphasic materials from phosphogypsum waste and their in vitro applications[J].Materials Research Bulletin,50:432-439.
Nizeviˇcien6)e D,Vaiˇciukynien6)e D,Michalik B,et al.2018.The treatment of phosphogypsum with zeolite to use it in binding material[J].Construction and Building Materials,180:134-142.
Peng J H,Peng Z H,Zhang J X,et al.2000.Study on the form and distribution of water-soluble P2O5in phosphogypsum and effective mechanism of properties[J].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,28(4):309-313.
Rashad A M.2017.Phosphogypsum as a construction material[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,166:732-743.
Rychkov V N,Kirillov E V,Kirillov S V,et al.2018.Recovery of rare earth elements from phosphogypsum[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,196:674-681.
Sadiqul Islam G M,Chowdhury F H,Raihan M T,et al.2017.Effect of phosphogypsum on the properties of portlandcement[J].Procedia Engineering,171:744-751.
Wang Q Y,Sun J M,Chen H N,et al.2017.Study on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced phosphogypsum composites[J].Journal of Guizhou University(Natural Science),34(4):99-103.
Wu H S,Chen X Q,Zhou X D,et al.2012.Effects of soil amendment phosphogypsum on physical and chemical properties of the wheat growth in coastal saline soil in Rudong,Jiangsu[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,49(6):1262-1266.
Yang X H,Yu Y H.2004.Application of cement-silicate double solution grouting in loess tunnel construction[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,17(2):68-72.
Zhang B L,Feng Q M,Luo L H.2010.Study on measures for improving strength of phosphogypsum products and suppression of efflorescence[J].New Building Materials,37(3):18-20.
Zhang G C,Yang Z Q,Gao Q,et al.2015.Development of early strength filling cementing material with phosphogypsum as substitute of traditional cement[J].Metal Mine,3:194-198.
Zhang M L.1999.Effect of sodium silicate on hardening of cement slurry[J].Jiangxi Coal Science and Technology,(2):47-50.
Zhang P.2007.Research on anti-cracking performance of semi-rigid base course in high-grad highway[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology.
Zhang W J,Li S C,Wei J C,et al.2018.Grouting rock fractures with cement and sodium silicate grout[J].Carbonates and Evaporites,33(2):211-222.
Zhou Y X,Yan P Y.2007.Investigation on dry shrinkage and wet expansion of solidified saline soil containing different salts[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,29(11):1653-1658.
oruh S,Ergun O N.2009.Use of fly ash,phosphogypsum and red mud as a liner material for the disposal of hazardous zinc leach residue waste[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,173(1-3):468-473.
杜婷婷,李志清,周应新,等.2018.水泥磷石膏稳定材料用于路面基层的探究[J].公路,63(2):189-195.
贺行洋,代飞,苏英,等.2017.磷石膏-水泥-矿粉复合材料的性能研究[J].硅酸盐通报,36(8):2673-2677.
交通部公路科学研究院.2007.公路土工试验规程(JTG E40-2007)[S].北京:人民交通出版社.
交通部公路科学研究院.2009.公路工程无机结合料稳定材料试验规程(JTG E51-2009)[S].北京:人民交通出版社.
简文彬,张登,黄春香.2013.水泥-水玻璃固化软土的微观机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,35(S2):632-637.
刘松玉,张涛,蔡国军.2018.工业废弃木质素固化改良粉土路基技术与应用研究[J].中国公路学报,31(3):1-11.
刘玉祥,柳慧鹏.2005.水泥-水玻璃双液注浆中的最优参数选择[J].矿冶,14(4):1-3,22.
林洲.2014.快烧处理对磷石膏胶凝性及其耐水性能影响[D].重庆:重庆大学.
彭家惠,彭志辉,张建新,等.2000.磷石膏中可溶磷形态、分布及其对性能影响机制的研究[J].硅酸盐学报,28(4):309-313.
王青原,孙敬明,陈红鸟,等.2017.玻璃纤维增强磷石膏复合材料力学性能研究[J].贵州大学学报(自然科学版),34(4):99-103.
吴洪生,陈小青,周晓冬,等.2012.磷石膏改良剂对江苏如东滨海盐土理化性状及小麦生长的影响[J].土壤学报,49(6):1262-1266.
杨晓华,俞永华.2004.水泥-水玻璃双液注浆在黄土隧道施工中的应用[J].中国公路学报,17(2):68-72.
张博廉,冯启明,罗利华.2010.提高磷石膏制品强度及抑制其返霜措施[J].新型建筑材料,37(3):18-20.
张光存,杨志强,高谦,等.2015.利用磷石膏开发替代水泥的早强充填胶凝材料[J].金属矿山,(3):194-198.
张明龙.1999.水玻璃对水泥浆液硬化的影响[J].江西煤炭科技,(2):47-50.
张鹏.2007.高等级公路半刚性基层材料的抗裂性能研究[D].大连:大连理工大学.
周永祥,阎培渝.2007.不同类型盐渍土固化体的干缩与湿胀特性[J].岩土工程学报,29(11):1653-1658.
Academy of Highway Science,Ministry of Communications.2007.Test methods of soils for highway engineering(JTG E40-2007)[S].Beijing:China Communications Press.
Contreras M,Teixeira S R,Santos G T A,et al.2018.Influence of the addition of phosphogypsum on some properties of ceramic tiles[J].Construction and Building Materials,175:588-600.
Du T T,Li Z Q,Zhou Y X,et al.2018.A study on the application of cement phosphogypsum stabilized material in pavement base[J].Highway,63(2):189-195.
He X Y,Dai F,Su Y,et al.2017.Properties of phosphogypsum-portland cement-slag composites[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,36(8):2673-2677.
Jian W B,Zhang D,Huang C X.2013.Micromechanism of cementsodium silicate-stabilized soft soils[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,35(S2):632-637.
Kandil A T,Cheira M F,Gado H S,et al.2017.Ammonium sulfate preparation from phosphogypsum waste[J].Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences,10(1):24-33.
Liu Y X,Liu H P.2005.Optimal parameter selection of cement-water glass two-shot grouting[J].Mining and Metallurgy,14(4):1-3,22.
Liu S Y,Zhang T,Cai G J.2018.Research on technology and engineering application of silt subgrade solidified by ligin-based industrial byproduct[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,31(3):1-11.
Li Y,Luo W H,Li G X,et al.2018.Performance of phosphogypsum and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer for nitrogen conservation in pig manure composting[J].Bioresource Technology,250:53-59.
Lin Z.2014.Study on gelling and water-resistance of phosphogypsum by fast-burning[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University.
Mahmoud E,El-Kader N A.2015.Heavy metal immobilization in contaminated soils using phosphogypsum and rice straw compost[J].Land Degradation&Development,26(8):819-824.
Mohamed K R,Mousa S M,El Bassyouni G T.2014.Fabrication of nano structural biphasic materials from phosphogypsum waste and their in vitro applications[J].Materials Research Bulletin,50:432-439.
Nizeviˇcien6)e D,Vaiˇciukynien6)e D,Michalik B,et al.2018.The treatment of phosphogypsum with zeolite to use it in binding material[J].Construction and Building Materials,180:134-142.
Peng J H,Peng Z H,Zhang J X,et al.2000.Study on the form and distribution of water-soluble P2O5in phosphogypsum and effective mechanism of properties[J].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,28(4):309-313.
Rashad A M.2017.Phosphogypsum as a construction material[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,166:732-743.
Rychkov V N,Kirillov E V,Kirillov S V,et al.2018.Recovery of rare earth elements from phosphogypsum[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,196:674-681.
Sadiqul Islam G M,Chowdhury F H,Raihan M T,et al.2017.Effect of phosphogypsum on the properties of portlandcement[J].Procedia Engineering,171:744-751.
Wang Q Y,Sun J M,Chen H N,et al.2017.Study on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced phosphogypsum composites[J].Journal of Guizhou University(Natural Science),34(4):99-103.
Wu H S,Chen X Q,Zhou X D,et al.2012.Effects of soil amendment phosphogypsum on physical and chemical properties of the wheat growth in coastal saline soil in Rudong,Jiangsu[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,49(6):1262-1266.
Yang X H,Yu Y H.2004.Application of cement-silicate double solution grouting in loess tunnel construction[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,17(2):68-72.
Zhang B L,Feng Q M,Luo L H.2010.Study on measures for improving strength of phosphogypsum products and suppression of efflorescence[J].New Building Materials,37(3):18-20.
Zhang G C,Yang Z Q,Gao Q,et al.2015.Development of early strength filling cementing material with phosphogypsum as substitute of traditional cement[J].Metal Mine,3:194-198.
Zhang M L.1999.Effect of sodium silicate on hardening of cement slurry[J].Jiangxi Coal Science and Technology,(2):47-50.
Zhang P.2007.Research on anti-cracking performance of semi-rigid base course in high-grad highway[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology.
Zhang W J,Li S C,Wei J C,et al.2018.Grouting rock fractures with cement and sodium silicate grout[J].Carbonates and Evaporites,33(2):211-222.
Zhou Y X,Yan P Y.2007.Investigation on dry shrinkage and wet expansion of solidified saline soil containing different salts[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,29(11):1653-1658.
oruh S,Ergun O N.2009.Use of fly ash,phosphogypsum and red mud as a liner material for the disposal of hazardous zinc leach residue waste[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,173(1-3):468-473.
杜婷婷,李志清,周应新,等.2018.水泥磷石膏稳定材料用于路面基层的探究[J].公路,63(2):189-195.
贺行洋,代飞,苏英,等.2017.磷石膏-水泥-矿粉复合材料的性能研究[J].硅酸盐通报,36(8):2673-2677.
交通部公路科学研究院.2007.公路土工试验规程(JTG E40-2007)[S].北京:人民交通出版社.
交通部公路科学研究院.2009.公路工程无机结合料稳定材料试验规程(JTG E51-2009)[S].北京:人民交通出版社.
简文彬,张登,黄春香.2013.水泥-水玻璃固化软土的微观机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,35(S2):632-637.
刘松玉,张涛,蔡国军.2018.工业废弃木质素固化改良粉土路基技术与应用研究[J].中国公路学报,31(3):1-11.
刘玉祥,柳慧鹏.2005.水泥-水玻璃双液注浆中的最优参数选择[J].矿冶,14(4):1-3,22.
林洲.2014.快烧处理对磷石膏胶凝性及其耐水性能影响[D].重庆:重庆大学.
彭家惠,彭志辉,张建新,等.2000.磷石膏中可溶磷形态、分布及其对性能影响机制的研究[J].硅酸盐学报,28(4):309-313.
王青原,孙敬明,陈红鸟,等.2017.玻璃纤维增强磷石膏复合材料力学性能研究[J].贵州大学学报(自然科学版),34(4):99-103.
吴洪生,陈小青,周晓冬,等.2012.磷石膏改良剂对江苏如东滨海盐土理化性状及小麦生长的影响[J].土壤学报,49(6):1262-1266.
杨晓华,俞永华.2004.水泥-水玻璃双液注浆在黄土隧道施工中的应用[J].中国公路学报,17(2):68-72.
张博廉,冯启明,罗利华.2010.提高磷石膏制品强度及抑制其返霜措施[J].新型建筑材料,37(3):18-20.
张光存,杨志强,高谦,等.2015.利用磷石膏开发替代水泥的早强充填胶凝材料[J].金属矿山,(3):194-198.
张明龙.1999.水玻璃对水泥浆液硬化的影响[J].江西煤炭科技,(2):47-50.
张鹏.2007.高等级公路半刚性基层材料的抗裂性能研究[D].大连:大连理工大学.
周永祥,阎培渝.2007.不同类型盐渍土固化体的干缩与湿胀特性[J].岩土工程学报,29(11):1653-1658.