氧化油脂对斑点叉尾鮰生长、体色和抗氧化能力的影响
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摘要
为考察正常及氧化鱼油、豆油、混合油脂(鱼油﹕豆油=1﹕1)对斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)生长性能、体色和肝脏抗氧化能力的影响,设计6组等氮等脂饲料,分别添加6%鱼油、6%豆油、3%鱼油+3%豆油、6%氧化鱼油、6%氧化豆油、3%氧化鱼油+3%氧化豆油,饲喂6组初始体重(150.5±4.2 g)的斑点叉尾鮰8周,每组3个重复,每个重复14尾鱼。结果表明,摄食6%鱼油、6%豆油、3%鱼油+3%豆油饲料的斑点叉尾鮰在增重率、饲料系数、肌肉组成、体色和肝脏抗氧化指标上均无显著差异(P>0.05);摄食3组氧化油脂饲料后,鱼体增重率和肌肉粗脂肪含量降低(P<0.05),饲料系数和背部、尾部皮肤b*(黄度值)增加(P<0.05),肝脏丙二醛(MDA)和血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)和直接胆红素升高(DBIL)(P<0.05),肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、还原型谷胱甘肽降低(GSH)(P<0.05),而肌肉色度值(L*、a*、b*)和肌肉水分、粗蛋白质、灰分含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。以上结果表明, 6%氧化油脂(鱼油、豆油或混合油脂)导致斑点叉尾鮰生长性能下降、皮肤黄度增加、肝脏抗氧化能力受损;豆油可替代斑点叉尾鮰饲料中鱼油的使用,而不会对生长产生负面影响。
Oils are widely used in aquatic feed to supply essential fatty acids and energy for the fish. However, the abundance of unsaturated fatty acids makes oils susceptible to be oxidized, resulting in harmful effect on the health of fish. To investigate the effect of dietary oxidized oils on the growth performance, body color and antioxidant capacity in liver of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were prepared to feed channel catfish(150.5±4.2) g. The six diets were designed with 6% supplementation level of fish oil(FO-6), soybean oil(SO-6),mixed oil(3% fish oil + 3% soybean oil, MO-6), oxidized fish oil(OFO-6), oxidized soybean oil(OSO-6), oxidized mixed oil(3% oxidized fish oil + 3% oxidized soybean oil, OMO-6), respectively. After 8 weeks feeding, the fish fed FO-6, SO-6 or MO-6 diet showed no differences in weight gain(WG), feed conversion ratio(FCR), muscle composition, body color and antioxidant indicators in liver(P>0.05), which indicated that soybean oil could completely substitute the inclusion of fish oil in the diet of channel catfish. The WG and muscle lipid level of the three oxidized oil groups were significantly lower, and FCR, skin yellowness, liver malondialdehyde content, and total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase in serum were significantly higher(P<0.05) than that of the normal oil groups. The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase, and the glutathione contents in liver were reduced by dietary oxidized oils(P<0.05), but the dorsal muscle color and moisture, crude protein, ash content in flesh were not affected(P>0.05). The above results showed that 6% oxidized oils(fish oil, soybean oil, or mixed oil) reduced the growth performance, increased the yellowness of skin and damaged the antioxidant capacity of liver of channel catfish. Soybean oil could completely replace the fish oil inclusion in the diet of channel catfish.
Oils are widely used in aquatic feed to supply essential fatty acids and energy for the fish. However, the abundance of unsaturated fatty acids makes oils susceptible to be oxidized, resulting in harmful effect on the health of fish. To investigate the effect of dietary oxidized oils on the growth performance, body color and antioxidant capacity in liver of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were prepared to feed channel catfish(150.5±4.2) g. The six diets were designed with 6% supplementation level of fish oil(FO-6), soybean oil(SO-6),mixed oil(3% fish oil + 3% soybean oil, MO-6), oxidized fish oil(OFO-6), oxidized soybean oil(OSO-6), oxidized mixed oil(3% oxidized fish oil + 3% oxidized soybean oil, OMO-6), respectively. After 8 weeks feeding, the fish fed FO-6, SO-6 or MO-6 diet showed no differences in weight gain(WG), feed conversion ratio(FCR), muscle composition, body color and antioxidant indicators in liver(P>0.05), which indicated that soybean oil could completely substitute the inclusion of fish oil in the diet of channel catfish. The WG and muscle lipid level of the three oxidized oil groups were significantly lower, and FCR, skin yellowness, liver malondialdehyde content, and total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase in serum were significantly higher(P<0.05) than that of the normal oil groups. The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase, and the glutathione contents in liver were reduced by dietary oxidized oils(P<0.05), but the dorsal muscle color and moisture, crude protein, ash content in flesh were not affected(P>0.05). The above results showed that 6% oxidized oils(fish oil, soybean oil, or mixed oil) reduced the growth performance, increased the yellowness of skin and damaged the antioxidant capacity of liver of channel catfish. Soybean oil could completely replace the fish oil inclusion in the diet of channel catfish.
引文
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[2]Hwang H.NMR spectroscopy for assessing lipid oxidation[J].Lipid Technology,2015,27(8):187-189
[3]Sutton J,Balfry S,Higgs D,et al.Impact of iron-catalyzed dietary lipid peroxidation on growth performance,general health and flesh proximate and fatty acid composition of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)reared in seawater[J].Aquaculture,2006,257(1-4):534-557
[4]Zhuo L X,Zhao H X,Huang Y H,et al.Influences of oxidized fish oil on growth performance and antioxidant indexes of yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)and the use of arginine as an intervention measure[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(1):147-157[卓丽欣,赵红霞,黄燕华,等.氧化鱼油对黄颡鱼生长性能和抗氧化指标的影响及精氨酸的干预作用.动物营养学报,2017,29(1):147-157]
[5]Dong X L,Lei W,Zhu X M,et al.Effects of dietary oxidized fish oil on growth performance and skin colour of Chinese longsnout catfish(Leiocassis longirostris Günther)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2011,17(4):861-868
[6]Dong G F,Huang F,Zhu X M,et al.Nutriphysiological and cytological responses of juvenile channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus)to dietary oxidized Fish Oil[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2012,18(6):673-684
[7]Chen K Q,Ye Y T,Cai C F,et al.Damage of oxidized fish oil on the structure and function of hepatopancreas of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon iddllus)[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2016,40(4):793-803[陈科全,叶元土,蔡春芳,等.饲料氧化鱼油对草鱼肝胰脏结构和功能的损伤.水生生物学报,2016,40(4):793-803]
[8]Chen Y J,Liu Y J,Yang H J,et al.Effect of dietary oxidized fish oil on growth performance,body composition,antioxidant defence mechanism and liver histology of juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2012,18(3):321-331
[9]Zhang Y Y,L B,Ge X P,et al.Effect of dietary oil sources on growth performance,body composition,the serum biochemical indices,fatty acids composition and lipid metabolism of Carassius auratus gibelio[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(7):1111-1118[张媛媛,刘波,戈贤平,等.不同脂肪源对异育银鲫生长性能、机体成分、血清生化指标、体组织脂肪酸组成及脂质代谢的影响.水产学报,2012,36(7):1111-1118]
[10]Bai F J,Luo L,Huang X Z,et al.Comparative study on effects of silkworm pupal oil and other six kinds of lipid on growth,body composition and lipid metabolism of GIFT Oreochromis niloticus[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2017,41(2):258-270[白富瑾,罗莉,黄先智,等.蚕蛹油等7种油脂对吉富罗非鱼生长、体组成及脂质代谢影响的比较.水产学报,2017,41(2):258-270]
[11]Huang F,Jiang M,Wen H,et al.Effects of different dietary lipid sources on growth performance,tissue fatty acid composition and serum lipid indices of juvenile Amur sturgeon,Acipenser schrenckii Brandt,1869[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2015,30(6):1602-1608
[12]Shao T,Qin C J,Yuan D Y,et al.Restoration of flesh fatty acid composition in darkbarbel catfish(Pelteobagrus vachelli)using a finishing fish oil diet[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2017,41(1):139-145[邵婷,覃川杰,袁登越,等.再投喂鱼油对瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响.水生生物学报,2017,41(1):139-145]
[13]Cheng X F,Tian J J,Ji H,et al.Effects of different lipid sources in the silkworm pupa-based diet for mirror carp(Cyprinus carpio var.specularis)on growth performance,body composition and health status[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2013,37(4):656-668[程小飞,田晶晶,吉红,等.蚕蛹基础日粮中添加不同脂肪源对框鳞镜鲤生长、体成分及健康状况的影响.水生生物学报,2013,37(4):656-668]
[14]American oil Chemists’Society.AOCS Official Method Cd 8b-90.Peroxide Value Acetic Acid-Isooctanne Method[S]
[15]American oil Chemists’Society.AOCS Official Method Cd 3b-63,Acid Value[S]
[16]Endo Y,Li C M,Tagiriendo M,et al.A modified method for the estimation of total carbonyl compounds in heated and frying oils using 2-propanol as a solvent.[J].Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society,2001,78(10):1021-1024
[17]Li Y,Liang X,Zhang Y,et al.Effects of different dietary soybean oil levels on growth,lipid deposition,tissues fatty acid composition and hepatic lipid metabolism related gene expressions in blunt snout bream(Megalobrama amblycephala)juvenile[J].Aquaculture,2016,451:16-23
[18]Emre Y,Kurto?lu A,Emre N,et al.Effect of replacing dietary fish oil with soybean oil on growth performance,fatty acid composition and haematological parameters of juvenile meagre,Argyrosomus regius[J].Aquaculture Research,2016,47(7):2256-2265
[19]Satoh S,Poe W E,Wilson R P.Studies on the essential fatty acid requirement of channel catfish,Ictalurus punctatus[J].Aquaculture,1989,79(1):121-128
[20]Huang K,Ruan D J,Zhan G,et al.Effects of oxidized oils on the growth and antioxidant activities of juvenile tilapia[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2006,36(6):21-24[黄凯,阮栋俭,战歌,等.氧化油脂对奥尼罗非鱼生长和抗氧化性能的影响.淡水渔业,2006,36(6):21-24]
[21]Gao J,Koshio S,Ishikawa M,et al.Effects of dietary palm oil supplements with oxidized and non-oxidized fish oil on growth performances and fatty acid compositions of juvenile Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicas[J].Aquaculture,2012,324(3):97-103
[22]Fontagne S,Bazin D,Breque J,et al.Effects of dietary oxidized lipid and vitamin A on the early development and antioxidant status of Siberian sturgeon(Acipenser baeri)larvae[J].Aquaculture,2006,257(1-4):400-411
[23]Lewismccrea L M,Lall S P.Effects of moderately oxidized dietary lipid and the role of vitamin E on the development of skeletal abnormalities in juvenile Atlantic halibut(Hippoglossus hippoglossus)[J].Aquaculture,2007,262(1):142-155
[24]Liu W,Yang Y,Zhang J,et al.Effects of dietary microencapsulated sodium butyrate on growth,intestinal mucosal morphology,immune response and adhesive bacteria in juvenile common carp(Cyprinus carpio)prefed with or without oxidised oil[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2014,112(1):15-29
[25]Chen K Q,Ye Y T,Cai C F,et al.Effects of dietary oxidized fish oil on the intestinal structure and permeability of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2016,40(4):804-813[陈科全,叶元土,蔡春芳,等.饲料氧化鱼油引起草鱼肠道结构损伤、通透性增加.水生生物学报,2016,40(4):804-813]
[26]Luo S,Wang Q J,Chen Y K,et al.Effect of oxidized fish oil on nutrients composition in back muscle,whole body and hepatopancreas of juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)[J].China Feed,2016,19:30-32[罗莎,王秋举,陈玉珂,等.氧化鱼油对草鱼幼鱼背肌、全鱼及肝胰脏营养成分的影响.中国饲料,2016,19:30-32]
[27]Kapitulnik J.Bilirubin:an endogenous product of heme degradation with both cytotoxic and cytoprotective properties[J].Molecular Pharmacology,2004,66(4):773-779
[28]Fevery J.Bilirubin in clinical practice:a review[J].Liver International,2008,28(5):592-605
[29]Li F,Lu L G.Evaluation of abnormal liver function and its clinical significance[J].Journal of Clinical Hepatology,2015,31(9):1543-1546[李飞,陆伦根.肝功能异常的评估及临床意义.临床肝胆病杂志,2015,31(9):1543-1546]
[30]Ju X,Wang Q J,L S,et al.Effects of oxidized fish oil on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2015,38(3):491-496[鞠雪,王秋举,罗莎,等.氧化鱼油对草鱼幼鱼脂质过氧化及抗氧化酶活性的影响.南京农业大学学报,2015,38(3):491-496]
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