腐植酸控释肥对机插水稻产量和经济效益的影响
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摘要
以临稻16为材料,研究了腐植酸控释水稻免追肥对机插水稻(Oryza sativa L.)产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明,施用腐植酸控释水稻免追肥显著影响产量及产量构成因子,与常规施肥处理(CK)相比,能够减少机插水稻无效分蘖,提高成穗率,增加有效穗数,全生育期供肥平衡,后期无早衰。实际产量随腐植酸控释水稻免追肥用量的增加而增加;经济效益则随施肥量的增加先增加后减少,施肥量为1 050 kg/hm~2时效益最高,但后期水稻出现部分倒伏,存在减产风险,施肥量900 kg/hm~2的处理群体最优,无倒伏,效益略降低,因此,腐植酸控释水稻免追肥在山东省临沂库灌稻区适宜用量在900～1 050 kg/hm~2。
The effects of humic acid controlled release fertilizer on the yield and the economic benefits of mechanical transplanted rice(Oryza sativa L.) were studied with Lindao 16. The results showed that the application of humic acid controlled-release fertilizer could significantly influence the yield and yield components. Compared with the conventional fertilization(control treatment), it could reduce the ineffective tillers of mechanical transplanted rice, increase the percentage of productive tiller, increase the number of productive panicle, balance the fertilizer supply in the whole growth period, and was no premature in the later period. The actual yield increased with the increase of the amount of humic acid controlled-release fertilizer. Economic benefits increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application. When the amount of fertilizer was 1 050 kg/hm~2, the benefits was the highest, but in the later stage, partial rice appeared lodging and the risk of yield decline. The treatment group with the fertilizer amount of 900 kg/hm~2 was the best, no lodging, the benefits was slightly lower. Therefore, the amount of humic acid controlled-release fertilizer in Linyi rice area of Shandong province was within the range of 900 to 1 050 kg/hm~2.
The effects of humic acid controlled release fertilizer on the yield and the economic benefits of mechanical transplanted rice(Oryza sativa L.) were studied with Lindao 16. The results showed that the application of humic acid controlled-release fertilizer could significantly influence the yield and yield components. Compared with the conventional fertilization(control treatment), it could reduce the ineffective tillers of mechanical transplanted rice, increase the percentage of productive tiller, increase the number of productive panicle, balance the fertilizer supply in the whole growth period, and was no premature in the later period. The actual yield increased with the increase of the amount of humic acid controlled-release fertilizer. Economic benefits increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application. When the amount of fertilizer was 1 050 kg/hm~2, the benefits was the highest, but in the later stage, partial rice appeared lodging and the risk of yield decline. The treatment group with the fertilizer amount of 900 kg/hm~2 was the best, no lodging, the benefits was slightly lower. Therefore, the amount of humic acid controlled-release fertilizer in Linyi rice area of Shandong province was within the range of 900 to 1 050 kg/hm~2.
引文
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[20]李敏,郭熙盛,叶舒娅,等.硫膜和树脂膜控释尿素对水稻产量、光合特性及氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(4):808-815.
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[22]彭玉,孙永健,蒋明金,等.不同水分条件下缓/控释氮肥对水稻干物质量和氮素吸收、运转及分配的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(5):859-870.
[23]魏海燕,李宏亮,程金秋,等.缓释肥类型与运筹对不同穗型水稻产量的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(5):730-740.
[24]田吉林,诸海焘,廖宗文,等.包膜尿素的养分释放特征及其肥效[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(6):128-132.
[2]凌启鸿.水稻精确定量栽培理论与技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007.92-125.
[3]彭少兵,黄见良,钟旭华,等.提高中国稻田氮肥利用率的研究策略[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(9):1095-1103.
[4]薛正平,曹卫星.精准农业水稻最佳氮肥施用量研究[J].中国农业生态学报,2003,11(1):53-55.
[5]谢建昌.世界肥料使用的现状与前景[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1998,4(4):321-330.
[6]许秀成,李药萍,王好斌.包裹型肥料/控释肥料的专题报告第三报包膜(裹)型控释肥料各国研究进展[J].磷肥与复肥,2000,15(6):7-l2.
[7]郑圣先.世界可控制释放肥料的发展现状与展望[A].土壤科学与农业可持续发展[C].长沙:湖南地图出版社,2001.9-15.
[8]邹煜.缓控释肥对水稻的应用效应研究[J].山东农业科学,2009(9):74-76.
[9]胡春花,罗革彬,曾建华,等.不同类型缓释氮肥对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(15):174-177.
[10]彭玉,马均,蒋明金,等.缓/控释肥对杂交水稻根系形态、生理特性和产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(5):1048-1057.
[11]郑圣先,聂军,熊金英,等.控释肥料提高氮素利用率的作用及对水稻效应的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(1):11-16.
[12]李玥,李应洪,赵建红,等.缓控释氮肥对机插稻氮素利用特征及产量的影响[J].浙江文学学报(农业与生命科学版),2015,41(6):673-684.
[13]侯红乾,黄永兰,冀建华,等.缓/控释肥对双季稻产量和氮素利用率的影响[J].中国水电科学,2016,30(4):389-396.
[14]张木,唐拴虎,黄旭,等.一次性施肥对水稻产量及养分吸收的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(3):1-7.
[15]潘英华,余建平,张强.水稻穗粒数相关基因的初步定位[J].华北农学报,2013,28(3):19-24.
[16]张玉屏,朱德锋,曹卫星,等.不同穗型水稻品种穗部参数及其相互关系[J].云南农业大学学报,25(3):327-332.
[17]周瑞庆,萧光玉,汪大明,等.施肥量对水稻产量及产量构成因素的影响[J].作物研究,1991,6(增刊):21-26.
[18]唐启源,邹应斌,米湘成,等.不同施氮条件下超级杂交稻的产量形成特点与氮肥利用[J].杂交水稻,2003,18(1):44-48.
[19]张洪程,王秀芹,戴其根,等.施氮量对杂交稻两优培九产量、品质及吸氮特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(7):800-806.
[20]李敏,郭熙盛,叶舒娅,等.硫膜和树脂膜控释尿素对水稻产量、光合特性及氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(4):808-815.
[21] TANG S H,YANG S H,CHEN J S,et al. Studies on themechanism of single basal application of controlled-releasefertilizers for increasing yield of rice(Oryza saiiva L.)[J].Jour-nal of Integrative Agriculture,2007,6(5):586-596.
[22]彭玉,孙永健,蒋明金,等.不同水分条件下缓/控释氮肥对水稻干物质量和氮素吸收、运转及分配的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(5):859-870.
[23]魏海燕,李宏亮,程金秋,等.缓释肥类型与运筹对不同穗型水稻产量的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(5):730-740.
[24]田吉林,诸海焘,廖宗文,等.包膜尿素的养分释放特征及其肥效[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(6):128-132.