海绵城市建设促渗保泉方案及其效果评估——以济南市海绵城市建设试点区为例
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摘要
随着城市化的快速发展,城市不透水区域面积逐年增加,阻断了雨水的下渗通道,改变了区域雨水循环过程,导致洪涝风险增加、径流污染加剧、水资源流失、地下水补给涵养能力降低等问题。针对上述问题,以济南市海绵城市建设试点区促渗保泉为目标,通过对历史降雨资料和泉水水位数据分析,选择1985年作为泉水喷涌的典型年,采用变参系数法计算得出了典型年的地下水补给量为964.2万m~3,2015年作为水平年,其地下水补给量为698.8万m~3,因此,确定地下水补给目标增量为265.43万m~3/年。根据上述目标,并结合试点区水文地质条件和下垫面组成现状,提出了基于"源头—中途—末端"全流程管控的促渗保泉建设方案,借助于Infoworks ICM模型对试点区域进行集水区划分和子流域概化,以排水分区为单元,对促渗保泉方案的效果进行了连续模拟评估。结果表明:海绵城市建设后试点区域多年平均入渗量为1 479.4万m~3,大于964.2万m~3的保泉目标,试点区采用的75%的年径流总量控制率目标,基本可以满足促渗保泉的目标要求。济南市海绵城市建设对促渗保泉、涵养地下水源具有重要意义。
With the rapid development of urbanization, the area of urban impervious areas has increased year by year, and blocked the infiltration way of rainwater, changed the regional rainwater cycle process, increased the frequency of flood risk and pollution loading, water resource elapse, and reduced groundwater recharge capacity. In view of the above problems, with the aim of promoting the seepage and preservation of the spring spray in the pilot area of sponge city in Jinan, through the analysis of historical rainfall and spring water level data, 1985 as typical year of spring continuous spout, and adopt the typical year was calculated by the variable parameter coefficient method to compute that groundwater recharge amount is 9.642 million m~3 in typical year. In 2015, as the average year, the groundwater recharge amount was 6.988 million m~3. Therefore, the increment of groundwater recharge target was determined to be 2.654 million m~3 per year. According to the above objectives, combined with the hydrogeological conditions and the composition of the underlying surface of the pilot area, a construction plan based on the source-midway-terminal whole process control. Catchment division and sub-basin generalization of the pilot area by means of the infoworks ICM model. The division and sub-basin generalization, with the drainage division as a unit, carried out a continuous simulation evaluation of the effect of the seepage prevention and protection scheme. The results show that the average infiltration of the pilot area after the construction of the sponge city is 14.794 million m~3, which is greater than the 9.624 million m~3 of the Protection spring target. The 75% annual runoff total volume control rate adopted in the pilot area can basically meet the goal. The construction of sponge city in Jinan is of great significance for promoting water seepage and conserving groundwater sources.
With the rapid development of urbanization, the area of urban impervious areas has increased year by year, and blocked the infiltration way of rainwater, changed the regional rainwater cycle process, increased the frequency of flood risk and pollution loading, water resource elapse, and reduced groundwater recharge capacity. In view of the above problems, with the aim of promoting the seepage and preservation of the spring spray in the pilot area of sponge city in Jinan, through the analysis of historical rainfall and spring water level data, 1985 as typical year of spring continuous spout, and adopt the typical year was calculated by the variable parameter coefficient method to compute that groundwater recharge amount is 9.642 million m~3 in typical year. In 2015, as the average year, the groundwater recharge amount was 6.988 million m~3. Therefore, the increment of groundwater recharge target was determined to be 2.654 million m~3 per year. According to the above objectives, combined with the hydrogeological conditions and the composition of the underlying surface of the pilot area, a construction plan based on the source-midway-terminal whole process control. Catchment division and sub-basin generalization of the pilot area by means of the infoworks ICM model. The division and sub-basin generalization, with the drainage division as a unit, carried out a continuous simulation evaluation of the effect of the seepage prevention and protection scheme. The results show that the average infiltration of the pilot area after the construction of the sponge city is 14.794 million m~3, which is greater than the 9.624 million m~3 of the Protection spring target. The 75% annual runoff total volume control rate adopted in the pilot area can basically meet the goal. The construction of sponge city in Jinan is of great significance for promoting water seepage and conserving groundwater sources.
引文
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[3] 刘莉莉,宋苏林,崔春梅.济南泉水的成因及保泉对策研究[J].山东水利,2013(5):17- 18.
[4] 李望,刘济坤.济南市节水保泉实现水资源可持续利用的对策及建议[J].山东环境,2002(2):40- 41.
[5] 魏建国,张爱军,蔡建波.核心竞争力视域下济南市泉水保护机制研究[J].山东农业工程学院学报,2017,34(11):87- 92.
[6] 李建江.济南泉水保护研究[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(3):142- 144.
[7] 章林伟.中国海绵城市建设与实践[J].给水排水,2018,54(11):1- 5.
[8] 王东玥.海绵城市在济南促渗保泉中的应用[J].城市建设理论研究,2018(20):185- 186.
[9] 黄春海.济南地质的研究[J].地质论评,1960(6):232- 238.
[10] 济南市水文局.济南市城市水文年鉴2012[Z].济南:山东水务印务有限公司,2013.
[11] 高赞东,刘术明,邢立亭.济南岩溶泉域区域水文地质信息系统构建[J].山东国土资源,2012,28(3):24- 26.
[12] 赵佳辉,李一鸣,陈宝辉.地下水补给方法研究综述[J].农村经济与科技,2018,29(7):48- 49.
[13] 陈学群,李福林,崔兆杰,等.济南市岩溶水动态变化的神经网络模拟及泉水喷涌趋势预测[J].水文地质工程地质,2005,32(4):60- 64.
[14] 秦乐,浅谈经验公式的精度[J].叉车技术,2003(2):18- 19.
[15] 张维英.济南市泉群流量衰减原因分析及其喷涌趋势预测[D].济南:山东师范大学,2004.
[16] MEI C,LIU J,WANG H,et al.Integrated assessments of green infrastructure for flood mitigation to support robust decision-making for sponge city construction in an urbanized watershed[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,639:1394- 1407.
[17] 迟海龙,朱昕虹,宋丽.基于“保泉”理念的济南市生态资源评估及修复策略研究[J].建筑与文化,2019(1):217- 219.
[18] 刘镕.基于地质条件的海绵城市适宜设施类型选择研究[J].山东工业技术,2019(7):124.