氮、磷施用水平对土壤水肥状况及玉米产量的影响
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摘要
通过设置不同的施肥水平,研究了玉米田的土壤水肥状况及其对玉米产量的影响。结果表明:适当增施氮肥和磷肥可以促进玉米产量的提高,有效提高土壤氮磷养分含量和土壤水分相对含量,但当施氮量达到270kg/hm~2,施磷量达到90 kg/hm~2后,再增加氮磷施用量其土壤有效氮及有效磷含量均不再增加或增幅减缓,玉米产量则会下降。
The soil water and fertilizer status and maize yield were studied by setting different levels of fertilization. The results showed that the growth and development of maize will be promoted by adding nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer,and improve the content of nitrogen and phosphorus and the relative content of soil moisture effectively. When the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus is 270 kg/hm~2,90 kg/hm~2,respectively,the amount of available nitrogen and effective phosphorus in the soil no longer increases or increases slowly,and the yield of maize will decrease.
The soil water and fertilizer status and maize yield were studied by setting different levels of fertilization. The results showed that the growth and development of maize will be promoted by adding nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer,and improve the content of nitrogen and phosphorus and the relative content of soil moisture effectively. When the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus is 270 kg/hm~2,90 kg/hm~2,respectively,the amount of available nitrogen and effective phosphorus in the soil no longer increases or increases slowly,and the yield of maize will decrease.
引文
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[2]董树亭.作物栽培学概论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[3]周伟娜,蒋远胜. 1990~2005年中国玉米产出增长的主要影响要素分析[J].四川农业大学学报,2009,27(2):157-161.
[4]陈迎迎,沈玉芳,白翔斌,等.全膜双垄沟覆盖条件下不同施氮量对春玉米氮素吸收利用及分配的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(11):2278-2285.
[5]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[6]薛吉全,张仁和,马国胜,等.种植密度、氮肥和水分胁迫对玉米产量形成的影响[J].作物学报,2010,36(6):1022-1029.
[7]王云奇,陶洪斌,杨利华,等.氮肥管理对夏玉米冠层结构和氮肥吸收利用的影响[J].玉米科学,2013,21(3):125-130.
[8]石玉,于振文,王东,等.施氮量和底追比例对小麦氮素吸收转运及产量的影响[J].作物学报,2006,32(12):1860-1866.
[9]王志刚,高聚林,张宝林,等.内蒙古平原灌区高产春玉米(15 t·hm-2以上)产量性能及增产途径[J].作物学报,2012,38(7):1318-1327.
[10]李立娟,王美云,薛庆林,等.黄淮海双季玉米产量性能与资源效率的研究[J].作物学报,2011,37(7):1229-1234.
[11]黎宁,李华兴,朱凤娇,等.菜园土壤微生物生态特征与土壤理化性质的关系[J].应用生态报,2006,17(2):285-290.
[12] Mahdi G,Seyed MM,Mohmmad B,et al. Interaction of water and nitrogen on maize grown for silage[J]. Agricultural Water Mangement,2009,96:809-821.