基于优化配置的南水北调受水区水资源价值研究
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摘要
水资源价值的定量分析对于创建科学合理的水价体系和缓解缺水地区的水资源供需矛盾有着重要意义。通过效益分摊系数法计算了南水北调中线和东线受水区工业和农业单位用水的净效益,建立了以区域用水净效益最大为目标函数、以供需水量限制及调水水渠流量限制为约束条件的水资源优化配置模型。应用线性规划求解得到南水北调东线受水区黄河以南、山东半岛和黄河以北3个子区的水资源影子价格分别为1.00元/m3、4.31元/m3和3.89元/m3,南水北调中线受水区河南、河北、北京和天津4个子区的水资源影子价格分别为3.67元/m3、4.41元/m3、2.20元/m3和2.19元/m3。该结果即为水资源理论价值,可为南水北调受水区制定科学合理的水价标准和完善水价体系提供科学依据。
Quantitative analysis on water resources value is of great significance to establishing a scientific and reasonable water price system and to alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources.We used the benefit sharing coefficient method to calculate the net benefit of industrial and agricultural unit water use in the intake area of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project(SNWDP).Taking maximization of net benefit as the objective function,we established an optimal allocation model for water resources with water supply and demand as well as water diversion canal capacities as constraints.Linear programming method was applied in optimizing the model and calculating the shadow prices of local water resources in the subareas of the intake area of the SNWDP.For the intake area of the eastern route of the SNWDP,the shadow prices of water resources in the South of Yellow River,Shandong Peninsula,and North of Yellow River were 1.00 Yuan/m3,4.31 Yuan/m3 and3.89 Yuan/m3,respectively.For the intake area of the middle route of the SNWDP,the shadow prices of water resources in Henan,Hebei,Beijing,and Tianjin were 3.67 Yuan/m3,4.41 Yuan/m3,2.20 Yuan/m3 and 2.19 Yuan/m3,respectively.The results were the theoretical values of water resources,and could provide scientific support for establishing water price standards and improving water price system in the intake area of the SNWDP.
Quantitative analysis on water resources value is of great significance to establishing a scientific and reasonable water price system and to alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources.We used the benefit sharing coefficient method to calculate the net benefit of industrial and agricultural unit water use in the intake area of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project(SNWDP).Taking maximization of net benefit as the objective function,we established an optimal allocation model for water resources with water supply and demand as well as water diversion canal capacities as constraints.Linear programming method was applied in optimizing the model and calculating the shadow prices of local water resources in the subareas of the intake area of the SNWDP.For the intake area of the eastern route of the SNWDP,the shadow prices of water resources in the South of Yellow River,Shandong Peninsula,and North of Yellow River were 1.00 Yuan/m3,4.31 Yuan/m3 and3.89 Yuan/m3,respectively.For the intake area of the middle route of the SNWDP,the shadow prices of water resources in Henan,Hebei,Beijing,and Tianjin were 3.67 Yuan/m3,4.41 Yuan/m3,2.20 Yuan/m3 and 2.19 Yuan/m3,respectively.The results were the theoretical values of water resources,and could provide scientific support for establishing water price standards and improving water price system in the intake area of the SNWDP.
引文
[1]甘泓,秦长海,汪林,等.水资源定价方法与实践研究Ⅰ:水资源价值内涵浅析[J].水利学报,2012,43(3):289-301.(GAN H,QIN C H,WANG L,et al.Study on water pricing method and practice I.Discussion on the connotation of water resources value[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(3):289-301.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2012.03.010.
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[4]LIU J,LYU H.Economic value of water resources of the upper reaches of the Xin′an River basin,China[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2012,3(1):87-92.
[5]汪党献,王浩,尹明万.水资源水资源价值水资源影子价格[J].水科学进展,1999,10(2):195-200.(WANG D X,WANG H,YI M W.Implication of water resources and its value[J].Advances in Water Science,1999,10(2):195-200.(in Chinese))DOI:10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.1999.02.018.
[6]何静,陈锡康.我国水资源影子价格动态可计算均衡模型[J].水利水电科技进展,2005,25(1):12-13.(HE J,CHEN X K.Dynamic computable equilibrium model of shadow price of water resources of China[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2005,25(1):12-13.(in Chinese))
[7]张志霞,秦昌波,贾仰文,等.缺水地区水资源经济价值的异同辨析——以北京市和陕西省为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(10):19-25.(ZHANG Z X,QIN C B,JIA Y W,et al.Comparative analysis of the economic value of water in water deficient areas with different development levels:case study of Beijing and Shaanxi,China[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2012,22(10):19-25.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2012.10.004.
[8]刘秀丽,邹璀.全国及九大流域分类用水影子价格的计算与预测[J].水利水电科技进展,2014,34(4):10-15.(LIU X L,ZOU C.Calculating and forecasting shadow prices of all kinds of water in China and its nine major river basins[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2014,34(4):10-15.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2014.04.003.
[9]傅春,胡振鹏.水资源价值及其定量分析[J].资源科学,1998,20(6):1-7.(FU C,HU Z P.The economic value of water resources and its quantitative analysis[J].Resources Science,1998,20(6):1-7.(in Chinese))
[10]袁汝华,朱九龙,陶晓燕,等.影子价格法在水资源价值理论测算中的应用[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(6):757-761.(YUAN R H,ZHU J H,TAO X Y,et al.Application of shadow price method in calculation of water resources theoretical value[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2002,17(6):757-761.(in Chinese))
[11]朱九龙,陶晓燕,王世军,等.淮河流域水资源价值测算与分析[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(1):126-131.(ZHU J L,TAO X Y,WANG S J,et al.Calculation and analysis of the value of water resources of Huaihe River[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2005,20(1):126-131.(in Chinese))
[12]朱启林,申碧峰,孙静.基于优化配置的北京市水资源影子价格研究[J].人民黄河,2016,38(12):97-98.(ZHU Q L,SHEN B F,SUN J.Study on water resources shadow price of Beijing based on optimal water resources allocation[J].Yellow River,2016,38(12):97-98.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2016.12.022
[13]水利部淮河水利委员会、水利部海河水利委员会.南水北调东线工程规划(2001修订)简介[J].中国水利,2003(1):43-47.(Huaihe Water Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources,Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources.Brief programming introduction of the East Route in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project(2001)[J].China Water Resources,2003(1):43-47.(in Chinese))
[14]水利部长江水利委员会.南水北调中线工程规划(2001年修订)简介[J].中国水利,2003(1):48-55.(Changjiang Water resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources.Brief programming introduction of the Middle Route in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project(2001)[J].China Water Resources,2003(1):48-55.(in Chinese))
[15]CHENG W C,HSU N S,CHENG W M,et al.A flow path model for regional water distribution optimization[J].Water Resources Research,2009,45(9):706-715.
[16]HAROU J J,PULIDO-VELAZQUEZ M,ROSENBERG D E,et al.Hydro-economic models:concepts,design,applications,and future prospects[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,375(3-4):627-643.
[17]李良县,甘泓,汪林,等.水资源经济价值计算与分析[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(3):494-499.(LI L X,GAN H,WANG L,et al.Calculation and analysis of the economic value of water resource[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23(3):494-499.(in Chinese))
[18]甘泓,汪林,倪红珍,等.水经济价值计算方法评价研究[J].水利学报,2008,39(11):1160-1166.(GAN H,WANG L,NI H Z,et al.Assessment on methods for calculating economic value of water[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(11):1160-1166.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2008.11.018.
[19]张平.南水北调工程受水区资源优化配置研究[D].南京:河海大学,2006.(ZHANG P.Water resources optimal allocation of the water imported areas in the South-to-North Water Transfer Project[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2006.(in Chinese))
[20]胡周汉,方国华,马兆龙,等.南水北调东线一期输水工程水量损失计算方法及应用[J].水电能源科学,2016,34(8):45-49.(HU Z H,FANG G H,MA Z L,et al.Calculation and application of water losses in the first-phase in East Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project[J].Water Resources and Power,2016,34(8):45-49.(in Chinese))
[21]黄会勇.南水北调中线总干渠水量调度模型研究及系统开发[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2013.(HUANG H Y.Study of Water supply and control model for Middle Route Main Canal of South-to-North Water Transfer First Stage Project and software system development[D].Beijing:China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2013.(in Chinese))
[22]杨桂元,宋马林.影子价格及其在资源配置中的应用研究[J].运筹与管理,2010,19(5):39-44.(YANG G Y,SONG M L.Shadow price and its applied research in the allocation of resources[J].Operations Research and Management Science,2010,19(5):39-44.(in Chinese))
[23]毛春梅,袁汝华.黄河流域水资源价值的计算与分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2003,13(3):25-29.(MAO C M,YUAN R H.Calculation and analysis of the theory value of water resources of Huanghe River[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2003,13(3):25-29.(in Chinese))
[24]蒋剑勇.水资源价值模型综述[J].水利水电科技进展,2005,25(1):61-63.(JIANG J Y.Comments on models of water resources value[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2005,25(1):61-63.(in Chinese))
[25]彭晓明,王红瑞,董艳艳,等.水资源稀缺条件下的水资源价值评价模型及其应用[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(4):670-675.(PENG X M,WANG H R,DONG Y Y,et al.Evaluation model of water resources value under the condition of water shortage and its application[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2006,21(4):670-675.(in Chinese))
[2]沈大军,梁瑞驹,王浩,等.水资源价值[J].水利学报,1998,29(5):54-60.(SHEN D J,LIANG R J,WANG H,et al.The water resources value[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1998,29(5):54-60.(in Chinese))
[3]唐立杰,李良县,卢亚卓,等.水资源价值及其模型浅析[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2009,7(1):67-70.(TANG L J,LI L X,LU Y Z,et al.Analysis on water resources values and the relevant research models[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2009,7(1):67-70.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13244/j.cnki.jiwhr.2009.01.011.
[4]LIU J,LYU H.Economic value of water resources of the upper reaches of the Xin′an River basin,China[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2012,3(1):87-92.
[5]汪党献,王浩,尹明万.水资源水资源价值水资源影子价格[J].水科学进展,1999,10(2):195-200.(WANG D X,WANG H,YI M W.Implication of water resources and its value[J].Advances in Water Science,1999,10(2):195-200.(in Chinese))DOI:10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.1999.02.018.
[6]何静,陈锡康.我国水资源影子价格动态可计算均衡模型[J].水利水电科技进展,2005,25(1):12-13.(HE J,CHEN X K.Dynamic computable equilibrium model of shadow price of water resources of China[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2005,25(1):12-13.(in Chinese))
[7]张志霞,秦昌波,贾仰文,等.缺水地区水资源经济价值的异同辨析——以北京市和陕西省为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(10):19-25.(ZHANG Z X,QIN C B,JIA Y W,et al.Comparative analysis of the economic value of water in water deficient areas with different development levels:case study of Beijing and Shaanxi,China[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2012,22(10):19-25.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2012.10.004.
[8]刘秀丽,邹璀.全国及九大流域分类用水影子价格的计算与预测[J].水利水电科技进展,2014,34(4):10-15.(LIU X L,ZOU C.Calculating and forecasting shadow prices of all kinds of water in China and its nine major river basins[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2014,34(4):10-15.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2014.04.003.
[9]傅春,胡振鹏.水资源价值及其定量分析[J].资源科学,1998,20(6):1-7.(FU C,HU Z P.The economic value of water resources and its quantitative analysis[J].Resources Science,1998,20(6):1-7.(in Chinese))
[10]袁汝华,朱九龙,陶晓燕,等.影子价格法在水资源价值理论测算中的应用[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(6):757-761.(YUAN R H,ZHU J H,TAO X Y,et al.Application of shadow price method in calculation of water resources theoretical value[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2002,17(6):757-761.(in Chinese))
[11]朱九龙,陶晓燕,王世军,等.淮河流域水资源价值测算与分析[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(1):126-131.(ZHU J L,TAO X Y,WANG S J,et al.Calculation and analysis of the value of water resources of Huaihe River[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2005,20(1):126-131.(in Chinese))
[12]朱启林,申碧峰,孙静.基于优化配置的北京市水资源影子价格研究[J].人民黄河,2016,38(12):97-98.(ZHU Q L,SHEN B F,SUN J.Study on water resources shadow price of Beijing based on optimal water resources allocation[J].Yellow River,2016,38(12):97-98.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2016.12.022
[13]水利部淮河水利委员会、水利部海河水利委员会.南水北调东线工程规划(2001修订)简介[J].中国水利,2003(1):43-47.(Huaihe Water Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources,Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources.Brief programming introduction of the East Route in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project(2001)[J].China Water Resources,2003(1):43-47.(in Chinese))
[14]水利部长江水利委员会.南水北调中线工程规划(2001年修订)简介[J].中国水利,2003(1):48-55.(Changjiang Water resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources.Brief programming introduction of the Middle Route in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project(2001)[J].China Water Resources,2003(1):48-55.(in Chinese))
[15]CHENG W C,HSU N S,CHENG W M,et al.A flow path model for regional water distribution optimization[J].Water Resources Research,2009,45(9):706-715.
[16]HAROU J J,PULIDO-VELAZQUEZ M,ROSENBERG D E,et al.Hydro-economic models:concepts,design,applications,and future prospects[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,375(3-4):627-643.
[17]李良县,甘泓,汪林,等.水资源经济价值计算与分析[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(3):494-499.(LI L X,GAN H,WANG L,et al.Calculation and analysis of the economic value of water resource[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23(3):494-499.(in Chinese))
[18]甘泓,汪林,倪红珍,等.水经济价值计算方法评价研究[J].水利学报,2008,39(11):1160-1166.(GAN H,WANG L,NI H Z,et al.Assessment on methods for calculating economic value of water[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(11):1160-1166.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2008.11.018.
[19]张平.南水北调工程受水区资源优化配置研究[D].南京:河海大学,2006.(ZHANG P.Water resources optimal allocation of the water imported areas in the South-to-North Water Transfer Project[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2006.(in Chinese))
[20]胡周汉,方国华,马兆龙,等.南水北调东线一期输水工程水量损失计算方法及应用[J].水电能源科学,2016,34(8):45-49.(HU Z H,FANG G H,MA Z L,et al.Calculation and application of water losses in the first-phase in East Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project[J].Water Resources and Power,2016,34(8):45-49.(in Chinese))
[21]黄会勇.南水北调中线总干渠水量调度模型研究及系统开发[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2013.(HUANG H Y.Study of Water supply and control model for Middle Route Main Canal of South-to-North Water Transfer First Stage Project and software system development[D].Beijing:China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2013.(in Chinese))
[22]杨桂元,宋马林.影子价格及其在资源配置中的应用研究[J].运筹与管理,2010,19(5):39-44.(YANG G Y,SONG M L.Shadow price and its applied research in the allocation of resources[J].Operations Research and Management Science,2010,19(5):39-44.(in Chinese))
[23]毛春梅,袁汝华.黄河流域水资源价值的计算与分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2003,13(3):25-29.(MAO C M,YUAN R H.Calculation and analysis of the theory value of water resources of Huanghe River[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2003,13(3):25-29.(in Chinese))
[24]蒋剑勇.水资源价值模型综述[J].水利水电科技进展,2005,25(1):61-63.(JIANG J Y.Comments on models of water resources value[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2005,25(1):61-63.(in Chinese))
[25]彭晓明,王红瑞,董艳艳,等.水资源稀缺条件下的水资源价值评价模型及其应用[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(4):670-675.(PENG X M,WANG H R,DONG Y Y,et al.Evaluation model of water resources value under the condition of water shortage and its application[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2006,21(4):670-675.(in Chinese))