弯道水流三维数值模拟研究
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摘要
通过引入可减小凹凸岸冲刷及弯顶顶冲作用的对称基本型、非对称A型及非对称B型三种具有缓变曲线的弯道型式,在清水冲刷工况下,利用MIKE 3软件流场模型(Flow Model FM)中的泥沙输移模块(ST),通过模拟单曲线弯道和三种新型弯道型式下的弯道河床冲淤变形,甄选能够减轻水流对河床、堤身及堤脚冲蚀破坏的最优弯道型式。经过数值模拟得出:插有缓变曲线的三种弯道冲深均明显浅于单曲线弯道;且插有缓变曲线弯道可滞后顶冲点位置、缩短凹岸冲刷长度,其中对称基本型弯道的效果最为明显;从冲淤趋势及水面形态上看,各种弯道对于改善水面形态、减小冲刷程度的效果依次为:对称基本型弯道>非对称A型弯道>非对称B型弯道>单曲线弯道。
Three kinds of curves: basic symmetric bend,asymmetric A bend and asymmetric B bend were introduced to decrease the scour depth and top rush. To study the optimal bend to prevent scour along the river bed,dike and feet of the dike,a three dimensional numerical simulation under the condition of clear water scour had been conducted,and the ST module in Flow Model FM of MIKE 3 software were used to analyze the river bed processes among three types of bends. Results are concluded by numerical analysis as: the deep groove of three inserted with graded curves is obviously shallower than that of the round bend; three bends with inserting curves could delay the location of scour point,shorten the erosion length of concave bank. The prediction results of water surface show that the sorting of improving the topography of water surface,and decreasing the degree of scouring and silt from large to small was as basic symmetric bend > asymmetric A bend >asymmetric B bend > round bend.
Three kinds of curves: basic symmetric bend,asymmetric A bend and asymmetric B bend were introduced to decrease the scour depth and top rush. To study the optimal bend to prevent scour along the river bed,dike and feet of the dike,a three dimensional numerical simulation under the condition of clear water scour had been conducted,and the ST module in Flow Model FM of MIKE 3 software were used to analyze the river bed processes among three types of bends. Results are concluded by numerical analysis as: the deep groove of three inserted with graded curves is obviously shallower than that of the round bend; three bends with inserting curves could delay the location of scour point,shorten the erosion length of concave bank. The prediction results of water surface show that the sorting of improving the topography of water surface,and decreasing the degree of scouring and silt from large to small was as basic symmetric bend > asymmetric A bend >asymmetric B bend > round bend.
引文
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[11]内岛邦秀.缓和曲线を插入した河道弯曲部の流れと河床形状関する研究[J].京都大学防災研究所年报,平成13年10月:39-47.
[2]武彩萍,吴国英,郭慧敏,勾兆莉,等.弯道悬沙特性试验研究[J].泥沙研究,2008(5):66-70.
[3]李志威,方春明.弯道环流悬移质横向输沙公式研究[J].人民黄河,2011,38(8):25-27.
[4]王平义,赵世强,蔡金德.弯曲河道推移质输沙带的研究[J].泥沙研究,1995(2):43-48.
[5]姚仕明,张玉琴.弯道推移质泥沙运动特性及其对河道演变的影响[J].长江科学院院报,2001(3):11-13.
[6]韩其为,吴岩,徐俊锋.弯道凹岸边壁上的泥沙起动[J].泥沙研究,2013(2):1-8.
[7]Bui MD,Rutschmann P.Numerical modeling of non-equilibrium graded sediment transport in a curved open channel[J].Computers&Geosciences,2010,36:792-800.
[8]沈永明,刘诚.弯曲河床中底沙运动和河床变形的三维κ-ε-κp两相湍流模型[J].中国科学(E辑:技术科学),2008,38(7):1118-1130.
[9]刘诚,沈永明.曲线坐标系下考虑植被影响的三维水沙数学模型[J].水动力学研究与进展A辑,2011,26(5):551-561.
[10]严培.插有缓变曲线弯道水流的三维数值模拟[D].西安:西安理工大学,2016.
[11]内岛邦秀.缓和曲线を插入した河道弯曲部の流れと河床形状関する研究[J].京都大学防災研究所年报,平成13年10月:39-47.