南水北调中线工程典型渠段一维水动力水质模拟与预测
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摘要
为了研究南水北调中线工程复杂水工建筑物影响下的水流特性以及对污染物在渠道内输移、衰减过程的影响,保证输水过程中的水质安全,分析了突发性污染事故潜在污染源特征,构建了南水北调中线工程典型输水渠段的一维水动力水质模型,模拟倒虹吸、节制闸、涵洞、隧洞、渡槽、公路桥6种水工建筑物影响下输水渠道内的水流特性,采用七里庄断面实测水位、流量、水质(总磷、氨氮)数据对模型进行了校核与验证;并运用该模型预测店北公路桥突发水污染事故时,3种输水流量、3种负荷、3种污染物泄露至渠道后污染物沿程分布规律。结果表明:该模型能有效模拟复杂水工建筑物下的水动力和污染物输移特性,下车亭分水口处污染物浓度超标与否受输水流量和污染负荷共同影响。针对分水口处水质指标浓度变化,提出合理、有效分水和退水方式,为保障南水北调中线工程输水水质安全提供参考。
This study aims to explore flow characteristics through complex hydraulic structures in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, and how pollutants transport in the channels.A MIKE 11 one-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model is established. The model calibration and validation are conducted using measured water levels, discharges, and water quality data(total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen) at Qilizhuang section. On the basis of hydraulic structures setting over study channel, potential pollution sources for transferred water is analyzed. Dianbei bridge is considered as the location occurred sudden pollution accidents. Total three steady discharges, three pollutants, and three loads of each pollutant are simulated employing this model. Simulation result shows that the model is a good predictor for water flow and pollutants concentration for the study channel. Concentration of pollutants at Xiacheting diversion is affected by the input discharges and pollution loads. And also, reasonable suggestions are proposed to guarantee required water quality for water transfer projects.
This study aims to explore flow characteristics through complex hydraulic structures in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, and how pollutants transport in the channels.A MIKE 11 one-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model is established. The model calibration and validation are conducted using measured water levels, discharges, and water quality data(total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen) at Qilizhuang section. On the basis of hydraulic structures setting over study channel, potential pollution sources for transferred water is analyzed. Dianbei bridge is considered as the location occurred sudden pollution accidents. Total three steady discharges, three pollutants, and three loads of each pollutant are simulated employing this model. Simulation result shows that the model is a good predictor for water flow and pollutants concentration for the study channel. Concentration of pollutants at Xiacheting diversion is affected by the input discharges and pollution loads. And also, reasonable suggestions are proposed to guarantee required water quality for water transfer projects.
引文
[1] 王浩,郑和震,雷晓辉,等.南水北调中线干线水质安全应急调控与处置关键技术研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2016,48(2):1- 6.
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[13] 郭儒,李宇斌,富强.河流中污染物衰减系数影响因素分析[J].气象与环境学报,2008(1):56- 59.
[14] LIU X, PENG W, HE G, et al. A coupled model of hydrodynamics and water quality for Yuqiao reservoir in Haihe river basin[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2008, 20(5): 574- 582.
[15] 何玉芹,易玉敏.不同熄焦方式的焦化废水对水环境影响分析[J].昆明理工大学学报(理工版),2009,34(6):82- 85.
[16] SAHINER N, OZAY O, AKTAS N. The removal of cyanide ions from aquatic environments by quaternizable p(4- vp) hydrogels of different dimensions[J]. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2013, 224(1): 1393.
[17] YI Y, YANG Z, ZHANG S. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in fishes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2011, 159(10): 2575- 2585.
[2] 黄会勇,刘子慧,范杰,等.南水北调中线工程输水调度初始控制策略研究[J].人民长江,2012,43(5):13- 18.
[3] 张成,傅旭东,王光谦.复杂内边界长距离输水明渠的一维非恒定流数学模型[J].南水北调与水利科技,2007,5(6):16- 20.
[4] 丁志良,谈广鸣,陈立,等.输水渠道中闸门调节速度与水面线变化研究[J].南水北调与水利科技,2005,3(6):46- 50.
[5] 崔巍,穆祥鹏,陈文学,等.明渠调水工程事故段上游闸门群应急调控研究[J].水利水电技术,2017,48(11):13- 19.
[6] 吴怡,郑和震,雷晓辉,等.南水北调中线工程分水口敏感性研究[J].人民黄河, 2018,40(7):121- 123.
[7] 卫召.基于神经网络的南水北调中线工程水质评价及预测[J].电子设计工程,2015,23(3):30- 32.
[8] LE N L, MADSEN H, ROSBJERG D. Simulation and optimisation modelling approach for operation of the Hoa Binh reservoir, Vietnam[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2007, 336(3- 4): 269- 281.
[9] FINN H, STORM B, RICHAUD B, et al. Flood forecasting and water management system for Thailand[J]. Advances in Hydroinformatics, 2018, 541- 557.
[10] 王中敏,刘金珍,刘扬扬,等.引调水工程对汉江中下游生态环境的累积叠加影响研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2018(3):29- 32.
[11] DHI. MIKE 11 Reference Manual[R].Denmark:DHI Water & Environment, 2014.
[12] 杜娟. 长江宜宾段总磷的迁移转化特征分析[C]// 四川省环境科学学会环境监测专业委员会.四川省第十一次环境监测学术交流会论文集.成都:四川省环境科学学会环境监测专业委员会,2010.
[13] 郭儒,李宇斌,富强.河流中污染物衰减系数影响因素分析[J].气象与环境学报,2008(1):56- 59.
[14] LIU X, PENG W, HE G, et al. A coupled model of hydrodynamics and water quality for Yuqiao reservoir in Haihe river basin[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2008, 20(5): 574- 582.
[15] 何玉芹,易玉敏.不同熄焦方式的焦化废水对水环境影响分析[J].昆明理工大学学报(理工版),2009,34(6):82- 85.
[16] SAHINER N, OZAY O, AKTAS N. The removal of cyanide ions from aquatic environments by quaternizable p(4- vp) hydrogels of different dimensions[J]. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2013, 224(1): 1393.
[17] YI Y, YANG Z, ZHANG S. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in fishes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2011, 159(10): 2575- 2585.