南海北部陆架水域多齿蛇鲻与花斑蛇鲻的年龄与生长
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摘要
2014年7月至2015年5月采集南海北部陆架海域的多齿蛇鲻(Sauridatumbil)和花斑蛇鲻(Sauridaundosquamis)样本,测量其叉长、体重、性腺成熟度,并读取其耳石和日龄数据,对这2个种的生物学特征进行比较,发现多齿蛇鲻和花斑蛇鲻叉长、体重雌雄间差异显著(P<0.05)。多齿蛇鲻雌性与雄性样本,叉长范围分别为109～310 mm、117～283 mm,体重范围分别为13～358 g、20～297 g,日龄范围分别为76～558 d、73～526 d, von Bertalanffy生长方程的相关参数分别为:L_(∞♀)=278 mm, L_(∞♂)=276 mm; K_♀=1.30, K_♂=1.30; t_(0♀)=-0.07 a, t_(0♂)=-0.08 a。雌性性腺成熟度Ⅲ期样本从350～400 d日龄组开始出现,雌性与雄性样本孵化高峰期在3月、7月、9—10月。花斑蛇鲻雌性与雄性样本,叉长范围分别为105～269 mm、95～264 mm,体重范围分别为11～220 g、8～228 g,日龄范围分别为79～486 d、84～488 d, von Bertalanffy生长方程的相关参数分别为:L_(∞♀)=269 mm, L_(∞♂)=265 mm, K_♀=1.29, K_♂=1.29, t_(0♀)=-0.06 a, t_(0♂)=-0.06 a,雌性性腺成熟度Ⅲ期样本从200～250 d日龄组开始出现,雌性与雄性样本孵化高峰期在6—11月。与历史资料进行对比,发现南海海域多齿蛇鲻与花斑蛇鲻出现个体大小逐渐减小、性成熟提前等适应性特征。结论认为,为了南海多齿蛇鲻与花斑蛇鲻渔业资源的可持续发展,需要降低南海近海的捕捞压力以促进南海渔业资源的发展。
Samples of Saurida tumbil and Saurida undosquamis were collected from the northern South China Sea from July 2014 to May 2015. Biocharacters such as fork length(FL), body weight(BW), maturity stage, and otolith daily incrementation were measured and compared to understand the differences between the two species. Differences in the FL and BW of S. tumbil and S. undosquamis between females and males were significant(P<0.05). The FL range, BW range, otolith age, L_∞, K, and t_0 in females and males of S. tumbil were 109-310 mm and 117-283 mm, 13-358 g and 20-297 g, 76-558 d and 73-526 d, 278 mm and 276 mm, 1.30 and 1.30,-0.07 a and-0.08 a, respectively. The youngest age group of female S. tumbil at maturity stage Ⅲ was 350-400 d, and the hatching of female and male samples primarily occurred in March, July, and September to October. The FL range, BW range, otolith age, L_∞, K, t_0 in females and males of S. undosquamis were 105-269 mm and 95-264 mm, 11-220 g and 8-228 g, 79-486 d and 84-488 d, 269 mm and 265 mm, 1.29 and 1.29,-0.06 a and-0.06 a, respectively. The youngest age group of female S. undosquamis at maturity stage Ⅲ was 200-250 d, and the hatching of female and male samples primarily occurred from June to November. For decades, the size and age of maturity of S. tumbil and S. undosquamis have been decreasing. Taken together, a policy that decreases fishing pressure could help to achieve the sustained development of the fishery resources of S. tumbil and S. undosquamis in the South China Sea.
Samples of Saurida tumbil and Saurida undosquamis were collected from the northern South China Sea from July 2014 to May 2015. Biocharacters such as fork length(FL), body weight(BW), maturity stage, and otolith daily incrementation were measured and compared to understand the differences between the two species. Differences in the FL and BW of S. tumbil and S. undosquamis between females and males were significant(P<0.05). The FL range, BW range, otolith age, L_∞, K, and t_0 in females and males of S. tumbil were 109-310 mm and 117-283 mm, 13-358 g and 20-297 g, 76-558 d and 73-526 d, 278 mm and 276 mm, 1.30 and 1.30,-0.07 a and-0.08 a, respectively. The youngest age group of female S. tumbil at maturity stage Ⅲ was 350-400 d, and the hatching of female and male samples primarily occurred in March, July, and September to October. The FL range, BW range, otolith age, L_∞, K, t_0 in females and males of S. undosquamis were 105-269 mm and 95-264 mm, 11-220 g and 8-228 g, 79-486 d and 84-488 d, 269 mm and 265 mm, 1.29 and 1.29,-0.06 a and-0.06 a, respectively. The youngest age group of female S. undosquamis at maturity stage Ⅲ was 200-250 d, and the hatching of female and male samples primarily occurred from June to November. For decades, the size and age of maturity of S. tumbil and S. undosquamis have been decreasing. Taken together, a policy that decreases fishing pressure could help to achieve the sustained development of the fishery resources of S. tumbil and S. undosquamis in the South China Sea.
引文
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[13]Olsen E M,Heino M,Lilly G R,et al.Maturation trends indicative of rapid evolution preceded the collapse of northern cod[J].Nature,2004,428:932-935.
[2]Shu L M,Qiu Y S.Biology analysis of Saurida tumbil in northern South China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2004,11(2):154-158.[舒黎明,邱永松.南海北部多齿蛇鲻生物学分析[J].中国水产科学,2004,11(2):154-158.]
[3]Shu L M,Qiu Y S.Estimate for growth,mortality parameters and first capture specification suggestion of Saurida undosquamis(Richardson)in Northern South China Sea[J].Journal of Zhanjiang Ocean University,2004,24(3):29-35.[舒黎明,邱永松.南海北部花斑蛇鲻生长死亡参数估计及开捕规格[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2004,24(3):29-35.]
[4]Chen Z Z,Qiu Y S,Xu S N,et al.Evolution of biological characteristics of Saurida undosquamis(Richardson)in the Beibu Gulf,South China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2012,19(2):321-328.[陈作志,邱永松,徐姗楠,等.北部湾花斑蛇鲻生物学特征的演化[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(2):321-328.]
[5]Huang Z R,Chen Z Z.Stock variation of Saurida tumbil in Southwestern continental of Nansha Islands[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2005(3):50-56.[黄梓荣,陈作志.南沙群岛西南陆架区多齿蛇鲻的资源变动[J].海洋湖沼通报,2005(3):50-56.]
[6]Hou G,Liu J D,Feng B,et al.Applying multi-model inference to estimate growth parameters of greater lizard fish Aaurida tumbil in Beibu Gulf,South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(3):843-849.[候刚,刘金殿,冯波,等.应用多模型推论估算北部湾多齿蛇鲻的生长参数[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(3):843-849.]
[7]Xu X C,Zhang Q Y.Age and growth of Saurida tumbil in the fishing ground of South-Fujian and Taiwan Bank[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1988,7(3):256-263.[徐旭才,张其永.闽南-台湾浅滩渔场多齿蛇鲻种群年龄和生长特性[J].台湾海峡,1988,7(3):256-263.]
[8]Liu B L,Chen X J,Lu H J,et al.Statolith of Csephalopods[M].Beijng:Science Press,2011:36-38.[刘必林,陈新军,陆化杰,等.头足类耳石[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:36-38.]
[9]Zhang K,Chen Z Z,Wang Y Z,et al.Population structure of Priacanthus macracanthus in the Beibu Gulf,and parameters for its growth,mortality and maturity[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2016,35(5):20-28.[张魁,陈作志,王跃中,等.北部湾短尾大眼鲷群体结构及生长、死亡和性成熟参数估计[J].热带海洋学报,2016,35(5):20-28.]
[10]Liu J D,Lu H S,Zhu L X,et al.The difference of growth,mortality and group composition between female and male Saurida tumbil in Beibu Gulf[J].Marine Fisheries,2009,31(3):243-253.[刘金殿,卢伙胜,朱立新,等.北部湾多齿蛇鲻雌雄群体组成、生长、死亡特征的差异[J].海洋渔业,2009,31(3):243-253.]
[11]Lester R J G,Watson R A.Growth,mortality,parasitism,and potential yields of two Priacanthus species in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Biology,1985,27(3):307-318.
[12]Zhang J,Chen Z Z,Chen G B.A preliminary study on biology of glowfish(Gnathodentex aureolineatus)in Yongshu Reef of Nansha area in the South China Sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,2015,11(5):108-116.[张俊,陈作志,陈国宝.南沙海域永暑礁金带齿颌鲷生物学特征初步研究[J].南方水产科学,2015,11(5):108-116.]
[13]Olsen E M,Heino M,Lilly G R,et al.Maturation trends indicative of rapid evolution preceded the collapse of northern cod[J].Nature,2004,428:932-935.