残疾人生活护理补贴省际比较分析
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摘要
利用2016年实施的残疾人生活护理补贴制度政策文本,结合2016年统计年鉴以及电话调查资料,分析了全国31个省(市区)残疾人生活护理补贴制度,从资金来源、补贴对象、补贴标准、额度及补贴占服务费用比例等方面对残疾人两项补贴制度进行了比较。研究认为:残疾人两项补贴制度标志着政府协助家庭承担照顾残疾人的责任;补贴额度受到地方经济发展水平及政府财政能力的影响,说明补贴制度的建立依然是政府"自上而下"推动的结果。
Using the policy text of the disabled living care subsidy system implemented in 2016 as the major source of information, and with the help of the statistical yearbook in 2016 and telephone survey data, this paper analyzes the life care subsidy system for disabled persons in 31 provinces(urban areas only). It compares the two subsidy systems of the disabled—"living allowance" and "nursing subsidy"—from the funding sources, the subsidy object, the subsidy standard, the quota and the proportion of the subsidy to the service cost. The study shows that the two subsidy systems for the disabled signify that the government has responsibility to assist families in taking care of the disabled; the amount of subsidies is affected by the level of local economic development and the government's financial capacity. This all indicates that the establishment of the subsidy system is still the result of the government's "top-down" effort.
Using the policy text of the disabled living care subsidy system implemented in 2016 as the major source of information, and with the help of the statistical yearbook in 2016 and telephone survey data, this paper analyzes the life care subsidy system for disabled persons in 31 provinces(urban areas only). It compares the two subsidy systems of the disabled—"living allowance" and "nursing subsidy"—from the funding sources, the subsidy object, the subsidy standard, the quota and the proportion of the subsidy to the service cost. The study shows that the two subsidy systems for the disabled signify that the government has responsibility to assist families in taking care of the disabled; the amount of subsidies is affected by the level of local economic development and the government's financial capacity. This all indicates that the establishment of the subsidy system is still the result of the government's "top-down" effort.
引文
[1] 民政部.中国残联相关负责人解读《国务院关于全面建立困难残疾人生活补贴和重度残疾人护理补贴制度的意见》[EB/OL] .(2015-11-04)[2019-01-22].http://www.gzdpf.org.cn/Article/gzjd/14604.html.
[2] STONE D.The disabled state[M].London:macmillan publishers limited.1984:15-19.
[3] 阿玛蒂亚·森.以自由看待发展[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002:25.
[4] 莱恩·多亚尔,伊恩·高夫.人的需要理论[M].北京:商务印书馆,2008:242.
[5] T H 马歇尔,安东尼·吉登斯.公民身份与社会阶级[M].南京:江苏人民出版社,2008:19,72.
[6] 贝弗里奇.贝弗里奇报告:社会保险和相关服务[M].北京:劳动社会保障出版社,2008:4,134.
[7] 艾斯平-安德森.福利资本主义的三个世界[M].苗正民,滕玉英,译.北京:法律出版,2003:46.
[8] BARNES C,G MERCER .Disability[M].Cambridge:polity press,2003:2-3.
[9] SHAKESPEARE T.Disabled people's self-organisation:a new social movement?[J].Disability & society,1993,8(3):249-264.
[10] BARNES C.Disability action and struggle for change :disability policy and politics in the UK [J].Education,citizenship and social justice,2003,2(3):203-221.
[11] SHAKESPEARE T.Disability rights and wrongs[M].London and New York:routledge,2006:115-126.
[12] HELLER T,SCHINDLER A.Family support interventions for families of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities[J].International review of research in mental retardation,2009( 37):299-332.
[13] 高圆圆.中国残疾人社会保障研究综述[J].湖北社会科学,2009(8):46-49.
[14] 赵行良.中国残疾人社会保障问题研究[J].上海社会科学院学术季刊,1998 (2):132-141.
[15] 方长春,佴莉.残疾人福利与残疾人慈善——兼论政府、社会、市场关系[J].人文杂志,2014(8):34-39.
[16] 杨立雄.中国残疾人福利制度建构模式:从慈善到社会权利[J].中国人民大学学报,2013(2):11-19.
[17] 彭华民,万国威.残疾人社会福利制度:内地与香港的三维比较[J].南开学报(哲学社会科学版),2013(1):24-29.
[18] 张蕾,司占杰,梁博,等.中国残疾人补贴现状分析及制度设计思路[J].社会保障研究,2012(6):96-103.
[19] 郑功成.中国残疾人事业发展报告[M].北京:人民出版社,2011:65.
① 全国残联网站,国家残疾预防行动计划(2016—2020年),http://www.cdpf.org.cn/ghjh/qtgh/201611/t20161101_572184.shtml,2017年4月21日。
(1)电话访谈,事先假定:家中有一个重度肢残、没有精神病、体重适中的家人,大小便不能自理,陪护只需要照顾一个人,不需要做其他家务事,主要工作内容是24小时看护,日间和夜间照料。本表为拨打了全国31个省(直辖市、自治区)的连锁家政服务电话(省会城市)得到的结果。
[2] STONE D.The disabled state[M].London:macmillan publishers limited.1984:15-19.
[3] 阿玛蒂亚·森.以自由看待发展[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002:25.
[4] 莱恩·多亚尔,伊恩·高夫.人的需要理论[M].北京:商务印书馆,2008:242.
[5] T H 马歇尔,安东尼·吉登斯.公民身份与社会阶级[M].南京:江苏人民出版社,2008:19,72.
[6] 贝弗里奇.贝弗里奇报告:社会保险和相关服务[M].北京:劳动社会保障出版社,2008:4,134.
[7] 艾斯平-安德森.福利资本主义的三个世界[M].苗正民,滕玉英,译.北京:法律出版,2003:46.
[8] BARNES C,G MERCER .Disability[M].Cambridge:polity press,2003:2-3.
[9] SHAKESPEARE T.Disabled people's self-organisation:a new social movement?[J].Disability & society,1993,8(3):249-264.
[10] BARNES C.Disability action and struggle for change :disability policy and politics in the UK [J].Education,citizenship and social justice,2003,2(3):203-221.
[11] SHAKESPEARE T.Disability rights and wrongs[M].London and New York:routledge,2006:115-126.
[12] HELLER T,SCHINDLER A.Family support interventions for families of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities[J].International review of research in mental retardation,2009( 37):299-332.
[13] 高圆圆.中国残疾人社会保障研究综述[J].湖北社会科学,2009(8):46-49.
[14] 赵行良.中国残疾人社会保障问题研究[J].上海社会科学院学术季刊,1998 (2):132-141.
[15] 方长春,佴莉.残疾人福利与残疾人慈善——兼论政府、社会、市场关系[J].人文杂志,2014(8):34-39.
[16] 杨立雄.中国残疾人福利制度建构模式:从慈善到社会权利[J].中国人民大学学报,2013(2):11-19.
[17] 彭华民,万国威.残疾人社会福利制度:内地与香港的三维比较[J].南开学报(哲学社会科学版),2013(1):24-29.
[18] 张蕾,司占杰,梁博,等.中国残疾人补贴现状分析及制度设计思路[J].社会保障研究,2012(6):96-103.
[19] 郑功成.中国残疾人事业发展报告[M].北京:人民出版社,2011:65.
① 全国残联网站,国家残疾预防行动计划(2016—2020年),http://www.cdpf.org.cn/ghjh/qtgh/201611/t20161101_572184.shtml,2017年4月21日。
(1)电话访谈,事先假定:家中有一个重度肢残、没有精神病、体重适中的家人,大小便不能自理,陪护只需要照顾一个人,不需要做其他家务事,主要工作内容是24小时看护,日间和夜间照料。本表为拨打了全国31个省(直辖市、自治区)的连锁家政服务电话(省会城市)得到的结果。