“汉源葡萄青椒”及其少刺变异品系光合特性研究
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摘要
【目的】了解竹叶花椒(Zanthoxylum armatum)光合特性,为推广应用和栽培管理提供参考。【方法】以竹叶花椒优良品种"汉源葡萄青椒"(HPQ)及其变异少刺品系(SHPQ)为研究对象,利用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定仪对冠层顶部叶片光合作用日变化和光响应特征进行测定。【结果】HPQ和SHPQ的叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、叶面饱和水汽压亏缺(Vpd L)日变化均呈"单峰"型,Pn峰值出现在12:00左右,其他参数峰值均出现在14:00左右;胞间CO2浓度(Ci)日变化呈"单谷"型,谷值出现在12:00左右。SHPQ的水分利用效率(WUE)日均值显著高于HPQ的,但两者Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci和Vpd L日均值差异不显著;在12:00—14:00左右温度较高和光照较强条件下,HPQ的Pn均高于SHPQ的,相反,其他时刻HPQ的Pn均低于SHPQ的。Pn、Tr和Gs与光合有效辐射(PAR)呈极显著正相关,其相关系数均大于三者与其他环境因子;Pn与叶绿素含量和产量呈极显著正相关。HPQ的光补偿点(LCP)、最大净光合速率(Amax)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)和表观量子效率(AQY)高于SHPQ的,光饱和点(LSP)低于SHPQ的,两者LCP差异显著,而其他参数差异不显著。【结论】SHPQ具有潜在较强的低光照环境适应能力和较高水分利用效率,在日照时数少和及干旱条件下具有更强的生长适应性。
【Objective】The objective of the study was to investigate the photosynthetic characteristic of Zanthoxylum armatum and to provide a reference for its application promotion and cultivation management.【Methods】Diurnal dynamics and light response of photosynthesis were measured with Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system on the canopy layers of‘Hanyuan Putao Qingjiao'(HPQ) Z.armatum and its variation species(SHPQ) with few thorn.【Results】The diurnal variations of net photosynthetic rate(P_n),transpiration rate(T_r),stomatal conductance(G_s) and vapor pressure deficit on leaf surface(V_(pdL)) exhibited a single-peak curve,with a peak at 12:00 for Pnand 14:00 for other parameters,respectively.However,intercellular CO_2 concentration(C_i) showed a single-valley curve,with a valley at 12:00.Mean value of diurnal water use efficiency(WUE) of SHPQ was significantly higher than that of HPQ no significant differences were observed for P_n,G_s,T_r,Ciand Vpd L.The P_n of HPQ was higher than that of SHPQ from 12:00 to 14:00 under high temperature and strong illumination conditions,while the opposite was true for other period.The P_n,T_r and G_s were significantly and positively correlated with photosynthetic active radiation(PAR)(P<0.01) and their correlation coefficients were stronger than those of three parameters and other en vironmental factors.P_n was significantly and positively correlated with total chlorophyll content and yield(P<0.01).The light compensation point(LCP),maximum net photosynthetic rate(A_(max)),dark respiration rate(R_d) and apparent quantum efficiency(AQY) of HPQ were higher than those of SHPQ but the light saturation point(LSP) of HPQ was lower than that of SHPQ.There was no significant difference in almost all parameters between HPQ and SHPQ except for LCP.【Conclusions】that the results suggest that SHPQ has a potential adaptability to low light environment and high water use efficiency;It is more suitable to grow under the conditions of less sunshine and drying.
【Objective】The objective of the study was to investigate the photosynthetic characteristic of Zanthoxylum armatum and to provide a reference for its application promotion and cultivation management.【Methods】Diurnal dynamics and light response of photosynthesis were measured with Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system on the canopy layers of‘Hanyuan Putao Qingjiao'(HPQ) Z.armatum and its variation species(SHPQ) with few thorn.【Results】The diurnal variations of net photosynthetic rate(P_n),transpiration rate(T_r),stomatal conductance(G_s) and vapor pressure deficit on leaf surface(V_(pdL)) exhibited a single-peak curve,with a peak at 12:00 for Pnand 14:00 for other parameters,respectively.However,intercellular CO_2 concentration(C_i) showed a single-valley curve,with a valley at 12:00.Mean value of diurnal water use efficiency(WUE) of SHPQ was significantly higher than that of HPQ no significant differences were observed for P_n,G_s,T_r,Ciand Vpd L.The P_n of HPQ was higher than that of SHPQ from 12:00 to 14:00 under high temperature and strong illumination conditions,while the opposite was true for other period.The P_n,T_r and G_s were significantly and positively correlated with photosynthetic active radiation(PAR)(P<0.01) and their correlation coefficients were stronger than those of three parameters and other en vironmental factors.P_n was significantly and positively correlated with total chlorophyll content and yield(P<0.01).The light compensation point(LCP),maximum net photosynthetic rate(A_(max)),dark respiration rate(R_d) and apparent quantum efficiency(AQY) of HPQ were higher than those of SHPQ but the light saturation point(LSP) of HPQ was lower than that of SHPQ.There was no significant difference in almost all parameters between HPQ and SHPQ except for LCP.【Conclusions】that the results suggest that SHPQ has a potential adaptability to low light environment and high water use efficiency;It is more suitable to grow under the conditions of less sunshine and drying.
引文
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[2]沈杰,和献锋,刀丽平,等.攀枝花市竹叶花椒生产现状及产业发展对策[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(19):8218-8219,8246.
[3]邓洪平,徐洁,陈锋,等.九叶青花椒遗传多样性的形态与分子鉴定[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(10):2103-2109.
[4]刘飞,潘欢欢,梅国荣,等.花椒品种沿革及商品药材调查研究[J].中药材,2016,39(7):1673-1677.
[5]姚佳,蒲彪.青花椒的研究进展[J].中国调味品,2010,35(6):35-39.
[6]谭建.重庆山区精准扶贫的实践探索[J].中国领导科学,2016(S1):212-215.
[7]李明,王有科,李捷,等.5个花椒品种光合特性的研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2010,45(6):128-132.
[8]刘玲,刘淑明,孙丙寅.不同产地花椒幼苗光合特性研究[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(3):160-165.
[9]宗建伟,杨雨华,杨风岭,等.4个核桃品种光合特性的日变化[J].草业科学,2013,30(3):397-401.
[10]李君,杨洋.青花椒栽培管理技术[J].云南农业,2012,9:15-16.
[11]江桂芬.九叶青花椒特征特性及配套栽培技术[J].安徽农学通报,2015,21(17):54-55.
[12]IBRAR BM,MUHAMMAD N,REHMAN IU,et al.Chemical composition and biological screening of essential oils of Zanthoxylum armatum DC leaves[J].J Clin Toxicol,2014,4(1):1-6.
[13]蒲彪,姚佳.鲜食青花椒热处理工艺[J].食品科学,2012,33(12):46-51.
[14]SINGH AP,FARTYAL S,VAJPAYEE A,et al.Antipyretic and central nervous system activity of the roots of Zanthoxylum armatum DC[J].J Pharm Res Opin,2014(1):181-184.
[15]陈旅,杨途熙,魏安智,等.不同花椒品种光合特性比较研究[J].华北农学报,2016,31(4):153-161.
[16]王景燕,龚伟,包秀兰,等.水肥耦合对汉源花椒幼苗叶片光合作用的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(5):1321-1330.
[17]张琳,蔡艳江,田英.青花椒光合生理特性分析[J].西昌学院学报(自然科学版),2009,23(2):5-7,28.
[18]王景燕,龚伟,肖千文,等.抗寒青花椒新品种‘汉源葡萄青椒’[J].园艺学报,2016,43(7):1425-1426.
[19]熊庆娥.植物生理学实验教程[M].成都:四川科技出版社,2003:55-56.
[20]叶子飘,李进省.光合作用对光响应的直角双曲线修正模型和非直角双曲线模型的对比研究[J].井冈山大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(3):38-44.
[21]刘玉玲,刘信凯,湛光晖,等.杜鹃红山茶与3个山茶栽培品种光合日变化特性研究[J].广东林业科技,2011,27(1):1-6.
[22]李月灵,金则新.玉兰叶片光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数的日变化[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(9):164-168.
[23]何海洋,彭方仁,张瑞,等.不同品种美国山核桃嫁接苗光合特性比较[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,9(4):19-25.
[24]张伟,宋显军,门晓艳,等.不同大豆品种光合特性的比较[J].大豆科学,2008,27(3):392-393.
[25]施关正,赵致,袁玉清.干旱胁迫下玉米杂交组合抗旱性及水分利用的研究[J].玉米科学,2008,16(5):103-107.
[26]何立新,何友军,李少锋.椿叶花椒幼苗施肥的生理特性响应[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2009,29(3):26-32.
[27]LIU F,ANDERSEN MN,JACOBSEN SE,et al.Stomatal control and water use efficiency of soybean during progressive soil drying[J].Environ Exp Bot,2005,54(54):33-40.
[28]刘青柏,刘明国,刘明忠,等.朝阳地区不同品种枣树光合及水分利用特征研究[J].经济林研究,2013,31(3):16-20.
[29]罗爱花,郭贤仕,柴守玺.水分胁迫对不同类型春小麦水分利用效率和光合日变化的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2008,43(4):68-73.
[30]赵晴晴,王傲楠,王壹,等.油松26个种源苗期生长及光合特性比较[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(11):19-23.
[31]张舟,吕芳德,王森.不同枣品种光合特性的比较研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(8):78-81.
[32]王瑞,陈永忠,王湘南,等.油茶无性系不同生长时期光合特性研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2013,33(3):31-36.
[33]张力文,钟国成,张利,等.3种鼠尾草属植物光合作用-光响应特性研究[J].草业学报,2012,21(2):70-76.