淹水条件下水肥处理对竹叶花椒幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响
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摘要
【目的】了解不同水肥处理竹叶花椒耐涝特性,以制定合理的水肥管理措施提高竹叶花椒耐涝性。【方法】以竹叶花椒为试验材料,采用四因素四水平正交试验设计(田间持水量:20%、40%、60%和80%,氮肥:0、75、150、300 kg N/hm~2、磷肥0、30、60、120 kg P_2O_5/hm~2,钾肥0、75、150、300 kg K_2O/hm~2),通过水肥处理盆栽90 d后测定淹水0、1、3、5 d后植株叶片抗氧化酶活性和外观表型及排水后植株恢复情况,并运用隶属函数法进行各水肥处理植株耐涝性综合评价。【结果】在淹水胁迫过程中,T12处理植株叶片受害程度最轻,耐涝性最强;T8、T9、T10、T11和T12处理排水后期可恢复正常生长,而其余处理植株均死亡。淹水胁迫期间,各水肥耦合植株叶片SOD活性呈上升趋势;POD和CAT活性呈先上升后下降趋势,最大值出现在淹水第3天;MDA含量呈逐渐增加趋势。【结论】耐涝性综合值随田间持水量(FWC)及氮、磷和钾施用量的增加呈先增加后下降趋势,估算出在63%FWC、275 kg N/hm~2、95 kg P_2O_5/hm~2和275 kg K_2O/hm~2水肥管理条件下植株可获得较高的耐涝性综合值。合理的土壤水分含量和N、P、K肥料施用量是提高竹叶花椒耐涝性的关键。
【Objective】The objective of this study was to understand the waterlogging tolerance of Z. armatum under different water and fertilizer treatments. The better management of water and fertilizer were selected to improve waterlogging tolerance of Z. armatum.【Method】A pot experiment with orthogonal de-sign of four factors(water,N,P and K) was used in this study to explore the antioxidant enzyme activities and apparent phenotype of Z. armatum for 0 d,1 d,3 d,5 d waterlogging stress and plant recovery after drainage. Four factors were water,N,P and K fertilizers,respectively. Water levels included 20%,40%,60% and 80% field water capacity(FWC);both N and P fertilizer application rate was 0,75,150 and 300 kg/hm~2,respectively;P fertilizer application rate was 0,30,60 and 120 kg/hm~2,respectively. A subordinate function was applied to comprehensively evaluate the waterlogging resistance of the pants under different water and fertilizer treatments.【Result】Under waterlogging conditions,Z. armatum seedlings in the T_(12) had the least damage and the most resistance to waterlogging. After the drainage,T_8,T_9,T_(10),T_(11) and T_(12) treatments recovered the normal growth and the rest of treated plants died. During waterlogging stress,both SOD and MDA in leaves increased and both POD and CAT in leaves first increased and then decreased. The maximum value was observed in the 3 rd day in all water and fertilizer treatments.【Conclusion】The comprehensive value of waterlogging resistance in leaf firstly increased and then decreased with increasing N,P,K fertilization and it exhibited best under the conditions of 63% FWC,275 kg/hm~2 of N,95 kg/hm~2 of P_2O_5 and 275 kg/hm~2 of K_2 O. The appropriate soil water content and N,P and K fertilizer application is important to improve the waterlogging tolerance of 'Hanyuan Putao Qingjiao'.
【Objective】The objective of this study was to understand the waterlogging tolerance of Z. armatum under different water and fertilizer treatments. The better management of water and fertilizer were selected to improve waterlogging tolerance of Z. armatum.【Method】A pot experiment with orthogonal de-sign of four factors(water,N,P and K) was used in this study to explore the antioxidant enzyme activities and apparent phenotype of Z. armatum for 0 d,1 d,3 d,5 d waterlogging stress and plant recovery after drainage. Four factors were water,N,P and K fertilizers,respectively. Water levels included 20%,40%,60% and 80% field water capacity(FWC);both N and P fertilizer application rate was 0,75,150 and 300 kg/hm~2,respectively;P fertilizer application rate was 0,30,60 and 120 kg/hm~2,respectively. A subordinate function was applied to comprehensively evaluate the waterlogging resistance of the pants under different water and fertilizer treatments.【Result】Under waterlogging conditions,Z. armatum seedlings in the T_(12) had the least damage and the most resistance to waterlogging. After the drainage,T_8,T_9,T_(10),T_(11) and T_(12) treatments recovered the normal growth and the rest of treated plants died. During waterlogging stress,both SOD and MDA in leaves increased and both POD and CAT in leaves first increased and then decreased. The maximum value was observed in the 3 rd day in all water and fertilizer treatments.【Conclusion】The comprehensive value of waterlogging resistance in leaf firstly increased and then decreased with increasing N,P,K fertilization and it exhibited best under the conditions of 63% FWC,275 kg/hm~2 of N,95 kg/hm~2 of P_2O_5 and 275 kg/hm~2 of K_2 O. The appropriate soil water content and N,P and K fertilizer application is important to improve the waterlogging tolerance of 'Hanyuan Putao Qingjiao'.
引文
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[3]KUMAR V,REDDY S G,BHARDWAJ A,et al.Larvicidal activity and structure activity relationship of cinnamoyl amides from Zanthoxylum armatum and their synthetic analogues against diamondback moth[J].Plutella xylostella Excli Journal,2016,15:229.
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[7]王景燕,龚伟,肖千文,等.抗寒青花椒新品种“汉源葡萄青椒”[J].园艺学报,2016,43(7):1425-1426.
[8]何西凤,杨途熙,魏安智,等.自然越冬过程中花椒抗寒性生理指标的变化[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(5):67-69.
[9]吕小军,杨途熙,何小红,等.冬季低温对花椒抗寒性生理指标的影响[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(7):143-148.
[10]刘淑明,孙佳乾,邓振义,等.干旱胁迫对花椒不同品种根系生长及水分利用的影响[J].林业科学,2013,49(12):30-35.
[11]李少锋,李志辉,刘友全,等.水分胁迫对椿叶花椒抗氧化酶活性等指标的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2008,28(2):29-34.
[12]杨宇芳,王有科,孙雁君,等.不同抗冻剂对花椒抗寒性的影响[J].北方园艺,2009,(5):20-22.
[13]王景燕,龚伟,李伦刚,等.水肥对汉源花椒幼苗抗逆生理的影响[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(3):0530-0539.
[14]郑佳秋,郭军,梅燚,等.辣椒幼苗形态及生理特性对涝害胁迫的响应[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(3):536-540.
[15]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[16]TEWARI R K.Antioxidant responses to enhanced generation of superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide in the copperstressed mulb erry plants[J].Planta,2006,223(6):1145-1153.
[17]CAVERZAN A,PASSAIA G,ROSA S B,et al.Plant responses to stresses:role of ascorbate peroxidase in the antioxidant protection[J].Genetics and Molecular Biology,2012,35(suppl):1011.
[18]邬晓勇,李潘,张敏,等.水涝胁迫下欧李SOD和POD的变化[J].成都大学学报,2016,35(2):130-139.
[19]王义强,谷文众,姚水攀,等.淹水胁迫下银杏主要生化指标的变化[J].中南林学院学报,2005,25(4):78-85.
[20]胡根海,董娜,张志勇,等.不同陆地棉品种对苗期淹水的生理响应[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(9):70-73.
[21]刘文革,阎志红,王川,等.西瓜幼苗抗氧化系统对盐水胁迫的响应[J].果树学报,2006,23(6):860-864.
[22]DAR M I,NAIKOO M I,REHMAN F,et al.Proline accumulation in plants:roles in stress tolerance and plant development//osmolytes and plants acclimation to changing environment:Emerging Omics Technologies.Springer India,2016.
[23]戢小梅,许林,谢焰锋,等.水涝胁迫下2种乡土草本植物生理特性的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(1):110-114.
[24]朱进,赵莉莉.淹水胁迫对苦瓜幼苗生长、丙二醛含量和SOD活性的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(3):655-657.
[25]曹昀,郑祥,杨阳,等.淹水对灰化苔草幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(12):3273-3278.
[26]李淑琴,张璐,张纪林,等.三种冬青属树种的耐涝性和耐旱性评价[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(2):204-208.
[27]王娟.淹水对牡丹生理特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(12):3341-3347.
[28]王瑞,梁坤伦,周志宇,等不同淹水梯度对紫穗槐的营养生长和生理响应[J].草业学报,2012,21(1):149-155.
[29]朱进.涝渍胁迫对丝瓜幼苗生长的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(9):2067-2069.
[30]张建,蒋细旺.利用隶属函数法对不同施肥处理下藜蒿的抗寒性综合评价[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2016,13(15):13-16.
[31]SAIRAM R K,KUMUTHA D,EZHILMATHI K,et al.Physiology and biochemistry of waterlogging tolerance in plants[J].Biologia Plantarum,2008,52(3):401-412.
[32]许冰,任开磊,吴疆翀,等,辣木幼林对氮、磷、钾肥效应及叶片的生理反应[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(3):418-423.
[33]吴进东,李金才,魏凤珍,等.氮肥和6-BA对花后受渍冬小麦抗渍性的调控效应[J].西北植物学报,2012,32(12):2512-2517.
[34]杨笑彦,朱建强.氮磷钾肥配合运用减轻小麦抽穗期渍涝研究[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(17):4451-4453.
[35]BISWAS D K,MA B L.Effect of nitrogen rate and fertilizer nitrogen source on physiology,yield,grain quality,and nitrogen use efficiency in corn[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,2017,96(3):392-403.
[36]廖兴国,郭圣茂,赖娴,等.配方施肥对桔梗抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2014,42(10):144-147.
[2]齐琳,马娜,吴雯雯,等.无花果品种幼苗淹水胁迫的生理响应与耐涝性评估[J].园艺学报,2015,4(7):1273-1284.
[3]KUMAR V,REDDY S G,BHARDWAJ A,et al.Larvicidal activity and structure activity relationship of cinnamoyl amides from Zanthoxylum armatum and their synthetic analogues against diamondback moth[J].Plutella xylostella Excli Journal,2016,15:229.
[4]姚佳,蒲彪.青花椒的研究进展[J].中国调味品,2010,35(6):35-39.
[5]刘玲,刘淑明,孙丙寅.不同产地花椒幼苗光合特性研究[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(3):160-165.
[6]王景燕,龚伟,包秀兰,等.水肥耦合对汉源花椒幼苗叶片光合作用的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(5):1322-1330.
[7]王景燕,龚伟,肖千文,等.抗寒青花椒新品种“汉源葡萄青椒”[J].园艺学报,2016,43(7):1425-1426.
[8]何西凤,杨途熙,魏安智,等.自然越冬过程中花椒抗寒性生理指标的变化[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(5):67-69.
[9]吕小军,杨途熙,何小红,等.冬季低温对花椒抗寒性生理指标的影响[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(7):143-148.
[10]刘淑明,孙佳乾,邓振义,等.干旱胁迫对花椒不同品种根系生长及水分利用的影响[J].林业科学,2013,49(12):30-35.
[11]李少锋,李志辉,刘友全,等.水分胁迫对椿叶花椒抗氧化酶活性等指标的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2008,28(2):29-34.
[12]杨宇芳,王有科,孙雁君,等.不同抗冻剂对花椒抗寒性的影响[J].北方园艺,2009,(5):20-22.
[13]王景燕,龚伟,李伦刚,等.水肥对汉源花椒幼苗抗逆生理的影响[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(3):0530-0539.
[14]郑佳秋,郭军,梅燚,等.辣椒幼苗形态及生理特性对涝害胁迫的响应[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(3):536-540.
[15]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[16]TEWARI R K.Antioxidant responses to enhanced generation of superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide in the copperstressed mulb erry plants[J].Planta,2006,223(6):1145-1153.
[17]CAVERZAN A,PASSAIA G,ROSA S B,et al.Plant responses to stresses:role of ascorbate peroxidase in the antioxidant protection[J].Genetics and Molecular Biology,2012,35(suppl):1011.
[18]邬晓勇,李潘,张敏,等.水涝胁迫下欧李SOD和POD的变化[J].成都大学学报,2016,35(2):130-139.
[19]王义强,谷文众,姚水攀,等.淹水胁迫下银杏主要生化指标的变化[J].中南林学院学报,2005,25(4):78-85.
[20]胡根海,董娜,张志勇,等.不同陆地棉品种对苗期淹水的生理响应[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(9):70-73.
[21]刘文革,阎志红,王川,等.西瓜幼苗抗氧化系统对盐水胁迫的响应[J].果树学报,2006,23(6):860-864.
[22]DAR M I,NAIKOO M I,REHMAN F,et al.Proline accumulation in plants:roles in stress tolerance and plant development//osmolytes and plants acclimation to changing environment:Emerging Omics Technologies.Springer India,2016.
[23]戢小梅,许林,谢焰锋,等.水涝胁迫下2种乡土草本植物生理特性的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(1):110-114.
[24]朱进,赵莉莉.淹水胁迫对苦瓜幼苗生长、丙二醛含量和SOD活性的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(3):655-657.
[25]曹昀,郑祥,杨阳,等.淹水对灰化苔草幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(12):3273-3278.
[26]李淑琴,张璐,张纪林,等.三种冬青属树种的耐涝性和耐旱性评价[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(2):204-208.
[27]王娟.淹水对牡丹生理特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(12):3341-3347.
[28]王瑞,梁坤伦,周志宇,等不同淹水梯度对紫穗槐的营养生长和生理响应[J].草业学报,2012,21(1):149-155.
[29]朱进.涝渍胁迫对丝瓜幼苗生长的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(9):2067-2069.
[30]张建,蒋细旺.利用隶属函数法对不同施肥处理下藜蒿的抗寒性综合评价[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2016,13(15):13-16.
[31]SAIRAM R K,KUMUTHA D,EZHILMATHI K,et al.Physiology and biochemistry of waterlogging tolerance in plants[J].Biologia Plantarum,2008,52(3):401-412.
[32]许冰,任开磊,吴疆翀,等,辣木幼林对氮、磷、钾肥效应及叶片的生理反应[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(3):418-423.
[33]吴进东,李金才,魏凤珍,等.氮肥和6-BA对花后受渍冬小麦抗渍性的调控效应[J].西北植物学报,2012,32(12):2512-2517.
[34]杨笑彦,朱建强.氮磷钾肥配合运用减轻小麦抽穗期渍涝研究[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(17):4451-4453.
[35]BISWAS D K,MA B L.Effect of nitrogen rate and fertilizer nitrogen source on physiology,yield,grain quality,and nitrogen use efficiency in corn[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,2017,96(3):392-403.
[36]廖兴国,郭圣茂,赖娴,等.配方施肥对桔梗抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2014,42(10):144-147.