水肥处理对竹叶花椒土壤养分和微生物的影响
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摘要
为了解水肥措施对竹叶花椒Zanthoxylum armatum土壤养分含量和微生物数量的影响,通过盆栽设置土壤含水量(20.0%, 40.0%, 60.0%和80.0%的田间持水量),氮肥(氮施肥量分别为0, 75.0, 150.0和300.0 kg·hm~(-2)),磷肥(五氧化二磷施肥量分别为0, 30.0, 60.0和120.0 kg·hm~(-2))和钾肥(氧化钾施肥量分别为0, 75.0, 150.0和300.0kg·hm~(-2))4因素4水平正交试验,研究水肥耦合对盆栽竹叶花椒生长、土壤有效养分含量和微生物数量的影响。结果表明:竹叶花椒地径(D),苗高(H)和D2H,土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌,总微生物数量、碱解氮和有效磷质量分数均随土壤水分含量的增加呈先增加后降低的变化趋势。地径、苗高和D2H,碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾质量分数随施肥量的增加而增加,土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌和总微生物数量随施肥量的增加呈先增加后降低的变化趋势。土壤微生物数量和养分含量与竹叶花椒地径和苗高均呈显著相关;土壤肥力隶属度和D2H呈显著相关。通过对土壤肥力隶属度(y)与土壤含水量(x1),氮肥(x2),磷肥(x3)和钾肥(x4)的多元回归预测得到,最适宜竹叶花椒幼苗土壤养分和微生物提高的水肥组合为:土壤含水量为61.5%,施肥量为244.3 kg·hm~(-2)氮肥, 112.4 kg·hm~(-2)磷肥和240.1kg·hm~(-2)钾肥。
To explore water and fertilizer coupling effects on growth,nutrient content,and microbial populations in soils of Zanthoxylum armatum,a pot experiment with soil field water capacity(FWC,including 20.0%,40.0%,60.0%,and 80.0% field water-holding capacity),nitrogen(including 0,75.0,150.0,and 300.0 kg·hm~(-2)),phosphate(including 0,30.0,60.0,and 120.0 kg·hm~(-2)),and potassium(including 0,75.0,150.0,and 300.0 kg·hm~(-2)) fertilizers,four factors and four levels in an orthogonal design,was conducted a randomized block design was used with three replicates of each of the sixteen treatments.Results showed that with an increase in soil water content,ground diameter(D),height(H),and D~2H of Z.armatum;populations of soil bacteria,actynomycete,fungi,and total microbes;as well as content of hydrolysis-N and available-P increased first and then decreased.The D,H,and D~2H of Z.armatum,and content of hydrolysis-N,available-P,and available-K increased with a rise of fertilization(N,P_2O_5,and K_2O) levels.The soil microbial populations and nutrient content were significantly correlated to D and H of Z.armatum(P<0.05),and the degree of subordination for soil fertility was significantly correlated to D~2H(P<0.05).The regression relationships of soil fertility membership(y) with soil water content(x_1),nitrogen fertilizer(x_2),phosphorus fertilizer(x_3),and potassium fertilizer(x4) were analyzed,and the obtained optimal combination of water and fertilizer was 61.5% field water capacity,244.3 kg·hm~(-2) of nitrogen fertilizer,112.4 kg·hm~(-2) of phosphate fertilizer,and 240.1 kg·hm~(-2) of potassium fertilizer.
To explore water and fertilizer coupling effects on growth,nutrient content,and microbial populations in soils of Zanthoxylum armatum,a pot experiment with soil field water capacity(FWC,including 20.0%,40.0%,60.0%,and 80.0% field water-holding capacity),nitrogen(including 0,75.0,150.0,and 300.0 kg·hm~(-2)),phosphate(including 0,30.0,60.0,and 120.0 kg·hm~(-2)),and potassium(including 0,75.0,150.0,and 300.0 kg·hm~(-2)) fertilizers,four factors and four levels in an orthogonal design,was conducted a randomized block design was used with three replicates of each of the sixteen treatments.Results showed that with an increase in soil water content,ground diameter(D),height(H),and D~2H of Z.armatum;populations of soil bacteria,actynomycete,fungi,and total microbes;as well as content of hydrolysis-N and available-P increased first and then decreased.The D,H,and D~2H of Z.armatum,and content of hydrolysis-N,available-P,and available-K increased with a rise of fertilization(N,P_2O_5,and K_2O) levels.The soil microbial populations and nutrient content were significantly correlated to D and H of Z.armatum(P<0.05),and the degree of subordination for soil fertility was significantly correlated to D~2H(P<0.05).The regression relationships of soil fertility membership(y) with soil water content(x_1),nitrogen fertilizer(x_2),phosphorus fertilizer(x_3),and potassium fertilizer(x4) were analyzed,and the obtained optimal combination of water and fertilizer was 61.5% field water capacity,244.3 kg·hm~(-2) of nitrogen fertilizer,112.4 kg·hm~(-2) of phosphate fertilizer,and 240.1 kg·hm~(-2) of potassium fertilizer.
引文
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[8]陈鸿飞,庞晓敏,张仁,等.不同水肥运筹对再生季稻根际土壤酶活性及微生物功能多样性的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(10):1507-1517.CHEN Hongfei,PANG Xiaomin,ZHANG Ren,et al.Effects of different irrigation and fertilizer application regimes on soil enzyme activities and microbial functional diversity in rhizosphere of ratooning rice[J].Acta Agron Sin,2017,43(10):1507-1517.
[9]王景燕,唐海龙,龚伟,等.水肥耦合对汉源花椒幼苗生长、养分吸收和肥料利用的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(3):33-40.WANG Jingyan,TANG Hailong,GONG Wei,et al.Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on growth,nutrients absorption and fertilizer use of Zauthoxylum buugeauum Maxim‘Hanyuan’seedling[J].J Nanjing For Univ Nat Sci Ed2016,40(3):33-40.
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[12]WANG Yu,FU Delong,PAN Lulu,et al.The coupling effect of water and fertilizer on the growth of tea plants(Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntz)[J].J Plant Nutr,2016,39(5):620-627.
[13]张志亮,张富仓,郑彩霞,等.土壤水分与氮营养对果树幼苗生长和水分传导的影响[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(6):46-51.ZHANG Zhiliang,ZHANG Fucang,ZHENG Caixia,et al.Effects of soil water and nitrogen nutrition on growth and hydraulic conductivity of fruit tree seedling[J].Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng,2009,25(6):46-51.
[14]张楠,杨雪芹,曹德昌,等.土壤水肥因子对胡杨幼苗生长权衡和木质化的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(4):771-779.ZHANG Nan,YANG Xueqin,CAO Dechang,et al.Soil water and fertilizer factors on the trade-off of growth and lignification of populus[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2013,33(4):771-779.
[15]刘杜玲,刘淑明.不同花椒品种抗旱性比较研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(6):183-189.LIU Duling,LIU Shuming.Comparative drought resistance of different varieties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum[J].A-gric Res Arid Areas,2010,28(6):183-189.
[16]董雯怡,赵燕,张志毅,等.水肥耦合效应对毛白杨苗木生物量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(9):2194-2200.DONG Wenyi,ZHAO Yan,ZHANG Zhiyi,et al.Coupling effects of water and fertilizer on the biomass of Populus tomentosa seedlings[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,2010,21(9):2194-2200.
[17]LANDESMAN W J,DIGHTON J.Response of soil microbial communities and the production of plant-available nitrogen to a two-year rainfall manipulation in the New Jersey Pinelands[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2010,42(10):1751-1758.
[18]曾成城,陈锦平,魏虹,等.水淹生境下秋华柳对Cd污染土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(13):4327-4334.ZENG Chengcheng,CHEN Jinping,WEI Hong,et al.Effects of Salix variegata on soil microorganisms and enzymatic activity in contaminated soils under flooding conditions[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2017,37(13):4327-4334.
[19]BROCKETT B F T,PRESCOTT C E,GRAYSTON S J.Soil moisture is the major factor influencing microbial community structure and enzyme activities across seven biogeoclimatic zones in western Canada[J].Soil Biol Biochem2012,44(1):9-20.
[20]TAYLOR J P,WILSON B,MILLS M S,et al.Comparison of microbial numbers and enzymatic activities in surface soils and subsoils using various techniques[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2002,34(3):387-401.
[21]GUO Peng,WANG Congyan,FENG Xiaoguang,et al.Mixed inorganic and organic nitrogen addition enhanced extracellular enzymatic activities in a subtropical forest soil in East China[J].Water Air Soil Pollut,2011,216(1/4)229-237.
[22]代景忠,闫瑞瑞,卫智军,等.短期施肥对羊草草甸割草场土壤微生物的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(9):2431-2437.DAI Jingzhong,YAN Ruirui,WEI Zhijun,et al.Effects of short-term fertilization on soil microorganisms in a mown Leymus chinensis meadow[J].Chin J Ecol,2017,36(9):2431-2437.
[23]李慧杰,徐福利,林云,等.施用氮磷钾对黄土丘陵区山地红枣林土壤酶与土壤肥力的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(4):53-59.LI Huijie,XU Fuli,LIN Yun,et al.Effects of N,P and K fertilization on soil enzyme activities and soil fertility in mintane Jujube forest of hilly loess region[J].Agric Res Arid Areas,2012,30(4):53-59.
[24]马冬云,郭天财,宋晓,等.尿素施用量对小麦根际土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):5222-5228.MA Dongyun,GUO Tiancai,SONG Xiao,et al.Effects of urea application rate on the quantity of microorganisms and activity of enzymes in wheat rhizosphere[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2007,27(12):5222-5228.
[25]陈立新.落叶松人工林施肥对土壤酶和微生物的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(6):1000-1004.CHEN Lixin.Effect of fertilization on soil enzymes and microbes in Larix gemlinii plantations[J].Chin J Appl Ecol2004,15(6):1000-1004.
[26]张学林,徐钧,安婷婷,等.不同氮肥水平下玉米根际土壤特性与产量的关系[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(14):2687-2699.ZHANG Xuelin,XU Jun,AN Tingting,et al.Relationship between rhizosphere soil properties and yield of maize at different nitrogen levels[J].Sci Agric Sin,2016,49(14):2687-2699.
[27]马亚娟,徐福利,王渭玲,等.氮磷提高华北落叶松人工林地土壤养分和酶活性的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):664-674.MA Yajuan,XU Fuli,WANG Weiling,et al.Increase of soil nutrients and enzymatic activity by adding nitrogen and phosphorus to Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation[J].J Plant Nutr Fert,2015,21(3):664-674.
[28]刘赛,徐荣,陈君,等.宁夏中宁不同施肥方式下土壤肥力及枸杞子品质比较研究[J].中国中药杂志,201136(19):2641-2644.LIU Sai,XU Rong,CHEN Jun,et al.Comparative study on soil fertility and quality of Ningxia Zhongning medlar under different fertilization modes[J].China J Chin Mater Med,2011,36(19):2641-2644.
[29]YING Jiaoyan,LI Xiaoxiao,WANG Nana,et al.Contrasting effects of nitrogen forms and soil pH on ammonia oxidizing microorganisms and their responses to long-term nitrogen fertilization in a typical steppe ecosystem[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2017,107:10-18.
[2]黄成就.中国植物志第43卷第2分册[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.
[3]王景燕,龚伟,肖千文,等.抗寒青花椒新品种‘汉源葡萄青椒’[J].园艺学报,2016,43(7):1425-1426.WANG Jingyan,GONG Wei,XIAO Qianwen,et al.A new cold tolerance green Chinese prickly ash cultivar‘Hanyuan Putao Qingjiao’[J].Acta Hortic Sin,2016,43(7):1425-1426.
[4]CHEN Lijuan,FENG Qi,WEI Yongping,et al.Effects of saline water irrigation and fertilization regimes on soil microbial metabolic activity[J].J Soil Sed,2016,17(2):1-8.
[5]SHANG Fangze,REN Shumei,YANG Peiling,et al.Effects of different irrigation water types,N fertilizer types,and soil moisture contents on N2O emissions and N fertilizer transformations in soils[J].Water Air Soil Pollut,2016,227(7):1-18.
[6]BOSSIO D A,FLECK J A,SCOW K M,et al.Alteration of soil microbial communities and water quality in restored wetlands[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2006,38(6):1223-1233.
[7]韦泽秀,梁银丽,井上光弘,等.水肥处理对黄瓜土壤养分、酶及微生物多样性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(7):1678-1684.WEI Zexiu,LIANG Yinli,INOUEM I,et al.Effects of different water and fertilizer supply on cucumber soil nutrient content,enzyme activity,and microbial diversity[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,2009,20(7):1678-1684.
[8]陈鸿飞,庞晓敏,张仁,等.不同水肥运筹对再生季稻根际土壤酶活性及微生物功能多样性的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(10):1507-1517.CHEN Hongfei,PANG Xiaomin,ZHANG Ren,et al.Effects of different irrigation and fertilizer application regimes on soil enzyme activities and microbial functional diversity in rhizosphere of ratooning rice[J].Acta Agron Sin,2017,43(10):1507-1517.
[9]王景燕,唐海龙,龚伟,等.水肥耦合对汉源花椒幼苗生长、养分吸收和肥料利用的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(3):33-40.WANG Jingyan,TANG Hailong,GONG Wei,et al.Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on growth,nutrients absorption and fertilizer use of Zauthoxylum buugeauum Maxim‘Hanyuan’seedling[J].J Nanjing For Univ Nat Sci Ed2016,40(3):33-40.
[10]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[11]许光辉,郑洪元.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[12]WANG Yu,FU Delong,PAN Lulu,et al.The coupling effect of water and fertilizer on the growth of tea plants(Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntz)[J].J Plant Nutr,2016,39(5):620-627.
[13]张志亮,张富仓,郑彩霞,等.土壤水分与氮营养对果树幼苗生长和水分传导的影响[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(6):46-51.ZHANG Zhiliang,ZHANG Fucang,ZHENG Caixia,et al.Effects of soil water and nitrogen nutrition on growth and hydraulic conductivity of fruit tree seedling[J].Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng,2009,25(6):46-51.
[14]张楠,杨雪芹,曹德昌,等.土壤水肥因子对胡杨幼苗生长权衡和木质化的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(4):771-779.ZHANG Nan,YANG Xueqin,CAO Dechang,et al.Soil water and fertilizer factors on the trade-off of growth and lignification of populus[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2013,33(4):771-779.
[15]刘杜玲,刘淑明.不同花椒品种抗旱性比较研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(6):183-189.LIU Duling,LIU Shuming.Comparative drought resistance of different varieties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum[J].A-gric Res Arid Areas,2010,28(6):183-189.
[16]董雯怡,赵燕,张志毅,等.水肥耦合效应对毛白杨苗木生物量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(9):2194-2200.DONG Wenyi,ZHAO Yan,ZHANG Zhiyi,et al.Coupling effects of water and fertilizer on the biomass of Populus tomentosa seedlings[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,2010,21(9):2194-2200.
[17]LANDESMAN W J,DIGHTON J.Response of soil microbial communities and the production of plant-available nitrogen to a two-year rainfall manipulation in the New Jersey Pinelands[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2010,42(10):1751-1758.
[18]曾成城,陈锦平,魏虹,等.水淹生境下秋华柳对Cd污染土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(13):4327-4334.ZENG Chengcheng,CHEN Jinping,WEI Hong,et al.Effects of Salix variegata on soil microorganisms and enzymatic activity in contaminated soils under flooding conditions[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2017,37(13):4327-4334.
[19]BROCKETT B F T,PRESCOTT C E,GRAYSTON S J.Soil moisture is the major factor influencing microbial community structure and enzyme activities across seven biogeoclimatic zones in western Canada[J].Soil Biol Biochem2012,44(1):9-20.
[20]TAYLOR J P,WILSON B,MILLS M S,et al.Comparison of microbial numbers and enzymatic activities in surface soils and subsoils using various techniques[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2002,34(3):387-401.
[21]GUO Peng,WANG Congyan,FENG Xiaoguang,et al.Mixed inorganic and organic nitrogen addition enhanced extracellular enzymatic activities in a subtropical forest soil in East China[J].Water Air Soil Pollut,2011,216(1/4)229-237.
[22]代景忠,闫瑞瑞,卫智军,等.短期施肥对羊草草甸割草场土壤微生物的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(9):2431-2437.DAI Jingzhong,YAN Ruirui,WEI Zhijun,et al.Effects of short-term fertilization on soil microorganisms in a mown Leymus chinensis meadow[J].Chin J Ecol,2017,36(9):2431-2437.
[23]李慧杰,徐福利,林云,等.施用氮磷钾对黄土丘陵区山地红枣林土壤酶与土壤肥力的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(4):53-59.LI Huijie,XU Fuli,LIN Yun,et al.Effects of N,P and K fertilization on soil enzyme activities and soil fertility in mintane Jujube forest of hilly loess region[J].Agric Res Arid Areas,2012,30(4):53-59.
[24]马冬云,郭天财,宋晓,等.尿素施用量对小麦根际土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):5222-5228.MA Dongyun,GUO Tiancai,SONG Xiao,et al.Effects of urea application rate on the quantity of microorganisms and activity of enzymes in wheat rhizosphere[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2007,27(12):5222-5228.
[25]陈立新.落叶松人工林施肥对土壤酶和微生物的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(6):1000-1004.CHEN Lixin.Effect of fertilization on soil enzymes and microbes in Larix gemlinii plantations[J].Chin J Appl Ecol2004,15(6):1000-1004.
[26]张学林,徐钧,安婷婷,等.不同氮肥水平下玉米根际土壤特性与产量的关系[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(14):2687-2699.ZHANG Xuelin,XU Jun,AN Tingting,et al.Relationship between rhizosphere soil properties and yield of maize at different nitrogen levels[J].Sci Agric Sin,2016,49(14):2687-2699.
[27]马亚娟,徐福利,王渭玲,等.氮磷提高华北落叶松人工林地土壤养分和酶活性的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):664-674.MA Yajuan,XU Fuli,WANG Weiling,et al.Increase of soil nutrients and enzymatic activity by adding nitrogen and phosphorus to Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation[J].J Plant Nutr Fert,2015,21(3):664-674.
[28]刘赛,徐荣,陈君,等.宁夏中宁不同施肥方式下土壤肥力及枸杞子品质比较研究[J].中国中药杂志,201136(19):2641-2644.LIU Sai,XU Rong,CHEN Jun,et al.Comparative study on soil fertility and quality of Ningxia Zhongning medlar under different fertilization modes[J].China J Chin Mater Med,2011,36(19):2641-2644.
[29]YING Jiaoyan,LI Xiaoxiao,WANG Nana,et al.Contrasting effects of nitrogen forms and soil pH on ammonia oxidizing microorganisms and their responses to long-term nitrogen fertilization in a typical steppe ecosystem[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2017,107:10-18.