锤锻车间噪声特征分析及降噪措施
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摘要
论述了噪声对人体的危害,研究了锤锻车间噪声现状及降噪措施。通过对锤锻车间现有噪声水平监测、作业人员工作日接噪剂量检测,将检测结果与相关噪声标准进行对比分析,发现锤锻车间现有噪声水平比国家标准高,需要进行噪声治理。通过在空气锤上安装阻性消声器、将排气管道通入地下等措施有效减低锻锤运行噪声。将3台燃气炉集中供风改造为变频风机单台供风,风机噪声由110 dB(A)降低至79 dB(A)。对燃气炉进行优化设计及改造,燃气炉噪声由改造前85 dB(A)降低至75 dB(A)。另外从设备改造、选用低噪声设备、以压代锻、自动化远距离操作等方面提出了可行降噪措施。
The harm of noise to the human was discussed,and the present situation of noise and noise reduction measures in hammer forging workshop were studied. Through monitoring the noise level in the hammer forging workshop and the dose of noise exposure to operation personnel in working days,the noise level in the hammer forging workshop was higher than that in the national standard by comparing the test results with relevant noise standards,and noise control was needed. By installing the muffler in the air hammer,connecting the exhaust pipe into the ground and other measures,the hammer running noise was reduced effectively. Then,the central air supply of three gas furnaces was converted into single air supply by a frequency conversion fan,and the noise of the fan was reduced from 110 dB( A) to 79 dB( A). Furthermore,the gas furnaces were optimized and modified to reduce the gas furnace noise from 85 dB( A) to 75 dB( A). In addition,feasible measures for reducing nosie were proposed in the forging workshop from aspects as equipment modification,low-noise equipment application,mechanization,automatic remote operation,etc.
The harm of noise to the human was discussed,and the present situation of noise and noise reduction measures in hammer forging workshop were studied. Through monitoring the noise level in the hammer forging workshop and the dose of noise exposure to operation personnel in working days,the noise level in the hammer forging workshop was higher than that in the national standard by comparing the test results with relevant noise standards,and noise control was needed. By installing the muffler in the air hammer,connecting the exhaust pipe into the ground and other measures,the hammer running noise was reduced effectively. Then,the central air supply of three gas furnaces was converted into single air supply by a frequency conversion fan,and the noise of the fan was reduced from 110 dB( A) to 79 dB( A). Furthermore,the gas furnaces were optimized and modified to reduce the gas furnace noise from 85 dB( A) to 75 dB( A). In addition,feasible measures for reducing nosie were proposed in the forging workshop from aspects as equipment modification,low-noise equipment application,mechanization,automatic remote operation,etc.
引文
[1]LD80—1995,噪声作业分级[S].LD80—1995,Classification of noise operation[S].
[2]牟宏霖,刘泰超,江丽.噪声职业病的危害分析及预防对策探讨[J].工业安全与环保,2009,35(4):53-55.Mu H L,Liu T C,Jiang L.Analyze the harm of noise occupational disease and discuss preventive measures[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection.2009,35(4):53-55.
[3]陈维民,曹喜滨,刘刚,等.锻压生产振动与噪声的危害及其控制[J].锻压机械,1994,(2):3-6.Chen W M,Cao X B,Liu G,et al.Hazards and control of vibration and noise of forging machinery[J].Metalforming Machinery,1994,(2):3-6.
[4]GBZ/T 189.8—2007,工作场所物理因素测量第8部分:噪声[S].GBZ/T 189.8—2007,Measurement of physical agents in workplace—Part 8:Noise[S].
[5]GB 13318—2003,锻造生产安全与环保通则[S].GB 13318—2003,General rules for safety and environmental conservation of forging production[S].
[6]GBZ 2.2—2007,工作场所有害因素职业接触限值[S].GBZ 2.2—2007,Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace[S].
[7]孙天国,赵胜典.工业噪声危害防治的新进展[J].航空航天医学杂志,2002,13(2):123-124.Sun T G,Zhao S D.New progress in prevention and control of industrial noise hazard[J].Aerospace Medicine,2002,13(2):123-124.
[8]赵升吨,刘浩,张凤阁,等.空气锤噪声的危害及其控制[J].锻压机械,1996,(4):10-12.Zhao S D,Liu H,Zhang F G,et al.How to control the harmness of air hammer noise[J].Metalforming Machinery,1996,(4):10-12.
[2]牟宏霖,刘泰超,江丽.噪声职业病的危害分析及预防对策探讨[J].工业安全与环保,2009,35(4):53-55.Mu H L,Liu T C,Jiang L.Analyze the harm of noise occupational disease and discuss preventive measures[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection.2009,35(4):53-55.
[3]陈维民,曹喜滨,刘刚,等.锻压生产振动与噪声的危害及其控制[J].锻压机械,1994,(2):3-6.Chen W M,Cao X B,Liu G,et al.Hazards and control of vibration and noise of forging machinery[J].Metalforming Machinery,1994,(2):3-6.
[4]GBZ/T 189.8—2007,工作场所物理因素测量第8部分:噪声[S].GBZ/T 189.8—2007,Measurement of physical agents in workplace—Part 8:Noise[S].
[5]GB 13318—2003,锻造生产安全与环保通则[S].GB 13318—2003,General rules for safety and environmental conservation of forging production[S].
[6]GBZ 2.2—2007,工作场所有害因素职业接触限值[S].GBZ 2.2—2007,Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace[S].
[7]孙天国,赵胜典.工业噪声危害防治的新进展[J].航空航天医学杂志,2002,13(2):123-124.Sun T G,Zhao S D.New progress in prevention and control of industrial noise hazard[J].Aerospace Medicine,2002,13(2):123-124.
[8]赵升吨,刘浩,张凤阁,等.空气锤噪声的危害及其控制[J].锻压机械,1996,(4):10-12.Zhao S D,Liu H,Zhang F G,et al.How to control the harmness of air hammer noise[J].Metalforming Machinery,1996,(4):10-12.