山东省某农村小学生情感忽视的调查研究
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摘要
目的研究农村小学生情感忽视的发生率及其影响因素,为制定预防儿童情感忽视措施提供参考。方法 2014年对山东省某农村地区5所学校一至六年级的989名小学生家长进行匿名自填式问卷调查,了解儿童情感忽视的发生情况,并采用Logistic回归方程分析家长对子女情感忽视的影响因素。结果被调查家长对儿童情感忽视的总发生率为56.9%,男、女儿童情感忽视率分别为54.8%和59.3%,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.020,P=0.155)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,高年级(OR=1.912)、儿童学习成绩差(OR=1.852)、非独生子女(OR=1.445)、家长学历低(OR=1.527)、家庭经济状况差(OR=1.576)、父母社会支持程度一般/较少(OR=2.161)是儿童情感忽视的危险因素。结论所调查农村地区的儿童情感忽视发生率较高,应重视农村地区家长对儿童的情感忽视问题,开展预防儿童情感忽视的父母教育活动,提高父母的育儿技能。
Objective To explore the prevalence and associated risk factors of childhood emotional neglect,in order to provide references for the prevention of childhood emotional neglect. Methods An anonymous survey was conducted in 989 primary school students′ parents from five primary schools in a rural area of Shandong province in 2014.Self-administered questionnaires were used to investigate childhood emotional neglect.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was undertaken to analyze the influencing factors of emotional neglect. Results A total of 989 primary school students were involved in this survey,and the emotional neglect was highly prevalent among this population.The total prevalence rate of childhood emotional neglect was 56.9%,including 54.8% for boys and 59.3% for girls,but the difference was not significant(χ~2=2.020,P=0.155).Logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors for childhood emotional neglect included children with higher grades(OR=1.912),with poorer academic achievement(OR=1.852),non-only child(OR=1.445),parents with lower education(OR=1.527),poorer family economic condition(OR=1.576) and less social support(OR=2.161). Conclusions Childhood emotional neglect is prevalent in rural area,so more attention should be paid to the emotional neglect of parents from rural areas.Besides,it is suggested to carry out parental education activities in order to enhance parents′ parenting skills.
Objective To explore the prevalence and associated risk factors of childhood emotional neglect,in order to provide references for the prevention of childhood emotional neglect. Methods An anonymous survey was conducted in 989 primary school students′ parents from five primary schools in a rural area of Shandong province in 2014.Self-administered questionnaires were used to investigate childhood emotional neglect.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was undertaken to analyze the influencing factors of emotional neglect. Results A total of 989 primary school students were involved in this survey,and the emotional neglect was highly prevalent among this population.The total prevalence rate of childhood emotional neglect was 56.9%,including 54.8% for boys and 59.3% for girls,but the difference was not significant(χ~2=2.020,P=0.155).Logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors for childhood emotional neglect included children with higher grades(OR=1.912),with poorer academic achievement(OR=1.852),non-only child(OR=1.445),parents with lower education(OR=1.527),poorer family economic condition(OR=1.576) and less social support(OR=2.161). Conclusions Childhood emotional neglect is prevalent in rural area,so more attention should be paid to the emotional neglect of parents from rural areas.Besides,it is suggested to carry out parental education activities in order to enhance parents′ parenting skills.
引文
[1] 潘建平.中国儿童忽视现状与研究展望[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(2):161-164.
[2] Schilling S,Christian CW.Child physical abuse and neglect[J].Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am,2014,23(2):309-319.
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[7] Colvert E,Rutter M,Beckett C,et al.Emotional difficulties in early adolescence following severe early deprivation:findings from the English and Romanian adoptees study [J].Dev Psychopathol,2008,20(2):547-567.
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[9] 于卜一,陈晶琦,金怡晨,等.女性青少年童年期情感忽视状况及其与健康相关危险行为的关联[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2016,24(6):628-631.
[10] Chamberland C,Fallon B,Black T,et al.Emotional maltreatment in Canada:prevalence,reporting and child welfare responses(CIS2) [J].Child Abuse Negl,2011,35(10):841-854.
[11] Stoltenborgh M,Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ,Ijzendoorn MHV.The neglect of child neglect:a meta-analytic review of the prevalence of neglect [J].Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiolo,2013,48(3):345-355.
[12] Bellis MA,Hughes K,Leckenby N,et al.Adverse childhood experiences and associations with health-harmingbehaviours in young adults:surveys in eight eastern European countries [J].Bull World Health Organ,2014,92(9):641-655.
[13] 潘建平,张华,王飞,等.中国城市中小学生忽视状况分析[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33(4):385-387.
[14] 霍婷婷,王嘉淇,周宪君,等.城乡小学生儿童忽视状况比较研究[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2015,19(6):571-574,613.
[15] Stith SM,Liu T,Davies LC,et al.Risk factors in child maltreatment:a meta-analytic review of the literature [J].Aggr Viol Behav,2009,14(1):13-29.
[16] 潘建平,杨武悦,张慧颖,等.中国农村6～11岁小学生忽视影响因素分析[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2015,26(6):1111-1115.
[17] 谢智静,唐秋萍,常宪鲁,等.457名大学生儿童期心理虐待和忽视经历与心理健康[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2008,16(1):63-65.
[18] Taillieu TL,Brownridge DA,Sareen J,et al.Childhood emotional maltreatment and mental disorders:Results from a nationally representative adult sample from the United States[J].Child Abuse Negl,2016,59:1-12.
[19] 潘建平,王飞,李敏,等.中国城市6～11岁小学生忽视评价常模的研制[J].中华预防医学杂志,2013,47(2):129-134.
[20] Jaudes PK,Ekwo E,Van VJ.Association of drug abuse and child abuse [J].Child Abuse Negl,1995,19(9):1065-1075.
[2] Schilling S,Christian CW.Child physical abuse and neglect[J].Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am,2014,23(2):309-319.
[3] 李景壹,陈晶琦,张文静,等.东北某城市1200名小学生家长对儿童情感忽视现状[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(8):1153-1155.
[4] Wright MO,Crawford E,Del Castillo D.Childhood emotional maltreatment and later psychological distress among college students:the mediating role of maladaptive schemas [J].Child Abuse Negl,2009,33(1):59-68.
[5] Robert Y,Susan L,Helen M.Children′s perceptions of parental emotional neglect and control and psychopathology [J].J Child Psychol Psychiatry,2011,52(8):889-897.
[6] Hecker T,Boettcher VS,Landolt MA,et al.Child neglect and its relation to emotional and behavioral problems:a cross-sectional study of primary school-aged children in Tanzania[J].Dev Psychopathol,2018,3(1):1-15.
[7] Colvert E,Rutter M,Beckett C,et al.Emotional difficulties in early adolescence following severe early deprivation:findings from the English and Romanian adoptees study [J].Dev Psychopathol,2008,20(2):547-567.
[8] Young JC,Widom CS.Long-term effects of child abuse and neglect on emotion processing in adulthood [J].Child Abuse Negl,2014,38(8):1369-1381.
[9] 于卜一,陈晶琦,金怡晨,等.女性青少年童年期情感忽视状况及其与健康相关危险行为的关联[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2016,24(6):628-631.
[10] Chamberland C,Fallon B,Black T,et al.Emotional maltreatment in Canada:prevalence,reporting and child welfare responses(CIS2) [J].Child Abuse Negl,2011,35(10):841-854.
[11] Stoltenborgh M,Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ,Ijzendoorn MHV.The neglect of child neglect:a meta-analytic review of the prevalence of neglect [J].Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiolo,2013,48(3):345-355.
[12] Bellis MA,Hughes K,Leckenby N,et al.Adverse childhood experiences and associations with health-harmingbehaviours in young adults:surveys in eight eastern European countries [J].Bull World Health Organ,2014,92(9):641-655.
[13] 潘建平,张华,王飞,等.中国城市中小学生忽视状况分析[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33(4):385-387.
[14] 霍婷婷,王嘉淇,周宪君,等.城乡小学生儿童忽视状况比较研究[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2015,19(6):571-574,613.
[15] Stith SM,Liu T,Davies LC,et al.Risk factors in child maltreatment:a meta-analytic review of the literature [J].Aggr Viol Behav,2009,14(1):13-29.
[16] 潘建平,杨武悦,张慧颖,等.中国农村6～11岁小学生忽视影响因素分析[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2015,26(6):1111-1115.
[17] 谢智静,唐秋萍,常宪鲁,等.457名大学生儿童期心理虐待和忽视经历与心理健康[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2008,16(1):63-65.
[18] Taillieu TL,Brownridge DA,Sareen J,et al.Childhood emotional maltreatment and mental disorders:Results from a nationally representative adult sample from the United States[J].Child Abuse Negl,2016,59:1-12.
[19] 潘建平,王飞,李敏,等.中国城市6～11岁小学生忽视评价常模的研制[J].中华预防医学杂志,2013,47(2):129-134.
[20] Jaudes PK,Ekwo E,Van VJ.Association of drug abuse and child abuse [J].Child Abuse Negl,1995,19(9):1065-1075.