罗氏沼虾生长性状的种内杂交优势及遗传力与遗传相关分析
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摘要
为加快罗氏沼虾生长速度,以5个罗氏沼虾专门化品系选择系(A、B、C、D、E系)子四代为亲本,运用完全双列杂交方法建立了25个交配组合,90 d后对这些交配组合的子一代生长性状(体长、头胸甲宽、第一腹节宽、第一腹节高、体质量)进行种内杂交优势及遗传力与遗传相关分析。结果表明,除D×C组合外,其他杂交组合生长性状表型值均优于自交组合;所有杂交子一代均表现出平均杂种优势与超亲杂种优势,其中A×E组合杂交优势最大,可使体长增加17.22%,体质量增加71.08%;体长、头胸甲宽、第一腹节宽、第一腹节高及体质量的遗传力估计值依次为0.549、0.548、0.527、0.516和0.580,均达到了高度遗传力的标准;体长与体质量的遗传相关与表型相关均最大,分别为0.752 2和0.980 0;头胸甲宽与第一腹节高的遗传相关最小为0.667 5,体长与第一腹节高的表型相关最小为0.924 0。本研究可对罗氏沼虾进一步提高生长速度的杂交选育工作提供科学依据。
The germplasm resources of M. rosenbergii are declining in China. To solve this problem,we used5 strains( A,B,C,D,E) as parents to make complete diallel cross and built 25 mating combinations,whose intraspecific heterosis and genetic correlations of growth traits( body length,carapace width,the first abdominal segment width,the first abdominal segment height and body weight) were analyzed at 90 dph,respectively. The results indicated that the growth traits of all hybrid combinations were better than those of self-combination except D × C. The heterosis was observed in all hybrid combinations, the hybrid combinations of A × E has the greatest heterosis. It can increase the body length by 17. 22%,and can increase the weight gain by 71. 64%. The heritability was 0. 549,0. 548,0. 527,0. 516,0. 580 for body length,carapace width,the first abdominal segment width,the first abdominal segment height and body weight,respectively. The genetic correlation and phenotypic correlation between body length and body weight was the highest( 0. 752 2 and 0. 98),while the genetic correlation between carapace width and first abdomere segment height was the lowest( 0. 667 5),and the phenotypic correlation between body length and the first abdominal segment height was the lowest( 0. 924 0). The results would provide theoretic basis for further fast growth selective breeding and hybridization of M. rosenbergii.
The germplasm resources of M. rosenbergii are declining in China. To solve this problem,we used5 strains( A,B,C,D,E) as parents to make complete diallel cross and built 25 mating combinations,whose intraspecific heterosis and genetic correlations of growth traits( body length,carapace width,the first abdominal segment width,the first abdominal segment height and body weight) were analyzed at 90 dph,respectively. The results indicated that the growth traits of all hybrid combinations were better than those of self-combination except D × C. The heterosis was observed in all hybrid combinations, the hybrid combinations of A × E has the greatest heterosis. It can increase the body length by 17. 22%,and can increase the weight gain by 71. 64%. The heritability was 0. 549,0. 548,0. 527,0. 516,0. 580 for body length,carapace width,the first abdominal segment width,the first abdominal segment height and body weight,respectively. The genetic correlation and phenotypic correlation between body length and body weight was the highest( 0. 752 2 and 0. 98),while the genetic correlation between carapace width and first abdomere segment height was the lowest( 0. 667 5),and the phenotypic correlation between body length and the first abdominal segment height was the lowest( 0. 924 0). The results would provide theoretic basis for further fast growth selective breeding and hybridization of M. rosenbergii.
引文
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[18]朱军.作物杂种后代基因型值和杂种优势的预测方法[J].生物数学学报,1993,8(1):32-44.ZHU J.Methods of predicting genotype value and heterosis for offspring of hybrids[J].Journal of Biomathematics,1993,8(1):32-44.
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[21]李思发,王成辉,刘志国,等.三种红鲤生长性状的杂种优势与遗传相关分析[J].水产学报,2006,30(2):175-180.LI S F,WANG C H,LIU Z G,et al.Analysis of heterosis and genetic correlation of growth traits in three variants of red common carp[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2006,30(2):175-180.
[22]毕详,项松平,王剑,等.瓯江彩鲤配套选育系繁殖性状的配合力测定与杂交优势分析[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(5):775-783.BI X,XIANG S P,WANG J,et al.Combining ability and heterosis analysis for reproductive traits of complete set selection lines in Oujiang color common carp,Cyprinus carpio var.color[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2012,19(5):775-783.
[23]郑怀平,王迪文,林清,等.太平洋牡蛎与葡萄牙牡蛎两近缘种间杂交及其早期阶段生长与存活的杂种优势[J].水产学报,2012,36(2):210-215.ZHENG H P,WANG D W,LIN Q,et al.Hybridization between the two close related species Crassostrea gigas and C.angulata and heterosis for growth and survival at early stage of life history[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(2):210-215.
[24]王炳谦,谷伟,高会江,等.利用配合力和微卫星标记预测虹鳟品系间的杂交优势[J].中国水产科学,2009,16(2):206-213.WANG B Q,GU W,GAO H J,et al.Prediction of hybridization advantage among five strains of rainbow trout by combination ability and SSR markers[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2009,16(2):206-213.
[25]李思发,颜标,蔡完其,等.尼罗罗非鱼与萨罗罗非鱼正反杂交后代耐盐性能的杂种优势及其与遗传的相关性的SSR分析[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(2):189-197.LI S F,YAN B,CAI W Q,et al.Heterosis and related genetic analysis by SSR for the salt tolerance of reciplrocal hybrids between Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)and blackchin tilapia(Sarotherodon melanotheron)[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2008,15(2):189-197.
[26]王爱民,王焉,顾志峰,等.马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)2个地理群体杂交子代的杂种优势和遗传变异[J].海洋与湖沼,2010,41(1):140-147.WANG A M,WANG Y,GU Z F,et al.Heterosis and genetic variation of hybrids from two geographical populations of pearl oyster,Pinctada Martensii[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2010,41(1):140-147.
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[2]史建华,肖雨,徐琴英.罗氏沼虾引种复壮技术的研究[J].水产科技情报,2001,28(2):64-67.SHI J H,XIAO Y,XU Q Y.Studies on the introductional rejuvenated technique of Macrobrachium rosenbergii[J].Fisheries Science&Technology Information,2001,28(2):64-67.
[3]卢小花,江林源,黄光华,等.罗氏沼虾幼体质量对育苗影响的研究[J].科学养鱼,2011(1):7-8.LU X H,JIANG L Y,HUANG G H,et al.Study on influence of juvenile quality on seed rearing of giant freshwater prawn[J].Scientific Fish Farming,2011(1):7-8.
[4]楼允东.鱼类育种学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999:40-107.LOU Y D.Fish breeding[M].Beijing:Agricultural Press of China,1999:40-107.
[5]胡志国,刘建勇,包秀凤,等.九孔鲍双列杂交家系子代的杂种优势与配合力分析[J].南方水产科学,2014,10(1):43-49.HU Z G,LIU J Y,BAO X F,et al.Combining ability and heterosis of hybridization between cultured and wild stocks of Haliotis diversicolor supertexta[J].South China Fisheries Science,2014,10(1):43-49.
[6]吴杨平,陈爱华,张雨,等.红壳文蛤双列杂交及杂种优势分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(1):43-49.WU Y P,CHEN A H,ZHANG Y,et al.Heterosis analysis and diallel cross of red Meretrix meretrix[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2015,46(1):43-49.
[7]范忠刚.两个野生罗氏沼虾引进种群的杂交选育研究[D].合肥:安徽大学,2014.FAN Z G.Hybrid breeding studies on two wild introduced populations of Macrobrachium rosenbergii[D].Hefei:Anhui University,2014.
[8]罗坤,杨国梁,孔杰,等.罗氏沼虾不同群体杂交效果分析[J].海洋水产研究,2008,29(3):67-73.LUO K,YANG G L,KONG J,et al.Analysis of the effect of hybridization between different groups of Macrobrachium rosenbergii[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2008,29(3):67-73.
[9]周劲松,曹哲明,杨国梁,等.罗氏沼虾缅甸引进种和浙江本地种及其杂交种的生长性能与SRAP分析[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(4):667-673.ZHOU J S,CAO Z M,YANG G L,et al.Study on hybrid of burma introduced and Zhejiang locally-cultured populations of giant prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii de man and SRAP marker[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2006,13(4):667-673.
[10]何玉英,王清印,谭乐义,等.中国对虾生长性状的遗传力和遗传相关估计[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(17):10499-10502.HE Y Y,WANG Q Y,TAN L Y,et al.Estimates of heritability and genetic correlations for growth traits in Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(17):10499-10502.
[11]徐如卫,钱昭英,刘小林,等.凡纳滨对虾生长性状遗传参数的估计[J].水产学报,2013,37(5):672-678.XU R W,QIAN Z Y,LIU X L,et al.Genetic parameter estimation for growth traits of Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2013,37(5):672-678.
[12]马爱军,王新安,杨志,等.大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼生长性状的遗传力及其相关性分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2008,39(5):499-504.MA A J,WANG X A,YANG Z,et al.The growth traits and their heritability of young turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.)[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2008,39(5):499-504.
[13]户国,谷伟,姜再胜,等.虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykis)选育群体主要体尺性状表型和遗传相关分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2014,45(3):548-553.HU G,GU W,JIANG Z S,et al.Estimation of phenotypic and genetic correlation for body measurement traits in a selective breeding population of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2014,45(3):548-553.
[14]邓平平.罗氏沼虾快速生长专门化品系选择前系的组建[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2012.DENG P P.The structuring of Macrobrachium rosenbergii srapid growth of specialized strain[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2012.
[15]朱志翔.遗传分析软件QGAStation2.0和GMDR-GPU的开发[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.ZHU Z X.Development of the genetic analysis softwares QGAStation 2.0 and GMDR-GPU[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2012.
[16]朱军.遗传模型分析方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996:1-15,6-174.ZHU J.Genetic model and analysis methods[M].Beijing:Agricultural Press of China,1996:1-15,6-174.
[17]CRUZ P,IBARRA A M.Larval growth and survival of two catarina scallop(Argopecten circularis,Sowerby,1835)populations and their reciprocal crosses[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1997,212(1):95-110.
[18]朱军.作物杂种后代基因型值和杂种优势的预测方法[J].生物数学学报,1993,8(1):32-44.ZHU J.Methods of predicting genotype value and heterosis for offspring of hybrids[J].Journal of Biomathematics,1993,8(1):32-44.
[19]李明爽,傅洪拓,龚永生,等.杂种优势预测研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(1):117-122.LI M S,FU H T,GONG Y S,et al.Progresses in the study on the heterosis prediction[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2008,24(1):117-122.
[20]钟昌松,李琳,蒲志刚,等.分子标记预测杂种优势的研究现状[J].种子,2006,25(5):43-47.ZHONG C S,LI L,PU Z G,et al.Research status about forecasting heterosis by using molecular markers[J].Seed,2006,25(5):43-47.
[21]李思发,王成辉,刘志国,等.三种红鲤生长性状的杂种优势与遗传相关分析[J].水产学报,2006,30(2):175-180.LI S F,WANG C H,LIU Z G,et al.Analysis of heterosis and genetic correlation of growth traits in three variants of red common carp[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2006,30(2):175-180.
[22]毕详,项松平,王剑,等.瓯江彩鲤配套选育系繁殖性状的配合力测定与杂交优势分析[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(5):775-783.BI X,XIANG S P,WANG J,et al.Combining ability and heterosis analysis for reproductive traits of complete set selection lines in Oujiang color common carp,Cyprinus carpio var.color[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2012,19(5):775-783.
[23]郑怀平,王迪文,林清,等.太平洋牡蛎与葡萄牙牡蛎两近缘种间杂交及其早期阶段生长与存活的杂种优势[J].水产学报,2012,36(2):210-215.ZHENG H P,WANG D W,LIN Q,et al.Hybridization between the two close related species Crassostrea gigas and C.angulata and heterosis for growth and survival at early stage of life history[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(2):210-215.
[24]王炳谦,谷伟,高会江,等.利用配合力和微卫星标记预测虹鳟品系间的杂交优势[J].中国水产科学,2009,16(2):206-213.WANG B Q,GU W,GAO H J,et al.Prediction of hybridization advantage among five strains of rainbow trout by combination ability and SSR markers[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2009,16(2):206-213.
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