遮荫对绿竹容器苗光合作用及生长的影响
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摘要
绿竹是中国南亚热带地区重要的造林竹种,在竹材加工及笋用具有广阔的应用前景。以自然光(100%光照,L0)为对照、一层遮阳网(70%光照,L1)、两层遮阳网(30%光照,L2)为处理,探究3种光环境下绿竹的光合能力、叶绿素荧光及生长特性的差异。结果表明:L1遮荫处理导致了绿竹叶片表观量子效率和净光合速率的升高,而L2处理最低,且L0、L1均与L2达到差异显著(P <0.05);随着生长光强的降低,暗呼吸速率(Rd)、光补偿点(LCP)、光饱和点(LSP)均有所降低;荧光参数方面,遮荫导致了PSⅡ原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)和电子传递速率(ETR)显著增加;而PSⅡ有效光量子产量(Fv'/Fm')、光化学猝灭系数(qP)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)有所降低;遮荫同时导致了光合色素含量(Chla+Chlb)和叶绿素(Chla/Chlb)值的显著增加,其中L0与L2达到差异显著(P<0.05);在生长形态方面,70%光照环境下基径最大,叶面积有所增加,而对株高则无显著影响(P>0.05);绿竹对轻度遮荫环境具有较好的适应性,具有可适应的内在调节机制,而低光环境则会成为绿竹容器苗幼苗生长的决定性限制性因子。
Dendrocalamopsis oldhami is an important bamboo species for afforestation in south subtropical China,with a broad application prospect in culm and shoot production. In this study,photosynthetic capacity,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,and growth characteristics of D.oldhami were investigated under three shading treatments: no shading as control( full illumination,L0),single-layer shading( 70% of full illumination,L1),and two-layer shading( 30% of full illumination,L2). We found that treatment L1 increased the apparent quantum efficiency and net photosynthetic rate of D. oldhami leaves,while treatment L2 had the lower values,with significant difference among the three treatments( P<0.05). The dark respiration rate( Rd),light compensation point( LCP),and light saturation point( LSP) declined with decreasing light levels. For the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,shading significantly increased PSⅡ primary energy conversion efficiency( Fv/Fm),PSⅡ potential activity( Fv/Fo) and electron transport rate( ETR), and decreased photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ( Fv'/Fm'), photochemical quenching( qP) and non-photochemical quenching( NPQ). Moreover,shading significantly increased leaf chlorophyll content( Chla +Chlb) and Chla/Chlb ratio,with a significant difference between treatments L0 and L2( P<0.05). Shading enhanced the growth performance of D.oldhami,with greatest basal diameter in treatment L1. Leaf area increased with the increases of shading levels. There was no effect of shading on plant height( P>0.05). Thus,D. oldhami has a strong adaptability to weak shading environment and an adjustable inherent mechanism to utilize low-intensity light. However,low light intensity would restrict the growth of D. oldhami container seedlings.
Dendrocalamopsis oldhami is an important bamboo species for afforestation in south subtropical China,with a broad application prospect in culm and shoot production. In this study,photosynthetic capacity,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,and growth characteristics of D.oldhami were investigated under three shading treatments: no shading as control( full illumination,L0),single-layer shading( 70% of full illumination,L1),and two-layer shading( 30% of full illumination,L2). We found that treatment L1 increased the apparent quantum efficiency and net photosynthetic rate of D. oldhami leaves,while treatment L2 had the lower values,with significant difference among the three treatments( P<0.05). The dark respiration rate( Rd),light compensation point( LCP),and light saturation point( LSP) declined with decreasing light levels. For the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,shading significantly increased PSⅡ primary energy conversion efficiency( Fv/Fm),PSⅡ potential activity( Fv/Fo) and electron transport rate( ETR), and decreased photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ( Fv'/Fm'), photochemical quenching( qP) and non-photochemical quenching( NPQ). Moreover,shading significantly increased leaf chlorophyll content( Chla +Chlb) and Chla/Chlb ratio,with a significant difference between treatments L0 and L2( P<0.05). Shading enhanced the growth performance of D.oldhami,with greatest basal diameter in treatment L1. Leaf area increased with the increases of shading levels. There was no effect of shading on plant height( P>0.05). Thus,D. oldhami has a strong adaptability to weak shading environment and an adjustable inherent mechanism to utilize low-intensity light. However,low light intensity would restrict the growth of D. oldhami container seedlings.
引文
陈凤,郭明明,樊继伟,等.2017.不同小麦品种生长发育及产量对光伏板遮荫的响应.麦类作物学报,37(12):1581-1588.
陈梅,唐运来.2013.高温胁迫下苋菜的叶绿素荧光特性.生态学杂志,32(7):1813-1818.
高贵宾,顾小平,吴晓丽,等.2009.设施栽培绿竹笋用林的出笋规律.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,33(2):27-30.
高贵宾,顾小平,张小平,等.2008.设施内外绿竹光合作用日变化及影响因子研究.江西农业大学学报,30(3):494-498.
金国庆,周志春,胡红宝,等.2005.3种乡土阔叶树种容器育苗技术研究.林业科学研究,18(4):387-392.
李延军,许斌,张齐生,等.2016.我国竹材加工产业现状与对策分析.林业工程学报,1(1):2-7.
梁文斌,聂东伶,吴思政,等.2015.遮荫对短梗大参苗木光合作用及生长的影响.生态学杂志,34(2):413-419.
刘强,李凤日,谢龙飞.2016.人工长白落叶松冠层光合作用-光响应曲线最优模型.应用生态学报,27(8):2420-2428.
刘建锋,杨文娟,江泽平,等.2011.遮荫对濒危植物崖柏光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的影响.生态学报,31(20):5999-6004.
宋洋,廖亮,刘涛,等.2016.不同遮荫水平下香榧苗期光合作用及氮分配的响应机制.林业科学,52(5):55-63.
孙佳音,杨逢建,庞海河,等.2007.遮荫对南方红豆杉光合特性及生活史型影响.植物研究,27(4):439-444.
唐敬超,史作民,罗达,等.2017.遮荫处理对灰木莲幼苗叶片光合氮利用效率的影响.生态学报,37(22):7493-7502.
王海珍,韩路,徐雅丽,等.2017.干旱胁迫下胡杨光合光响应过程模拟与模型比较.生态学报,37(7):2315-2324.
王洪义,王正文.2013.羊草种群对遮荫的适应性生长对策.生态学杂志,32(8):1987-1993.
王建华,任士福,史宝胜,等.2011.遮荫对连翘光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响.生态学报,31(7):1811-1817.
王荣荣,夏江宝,杨吉华,等.2013.贝壳砂生境酸枣叶片光合生理参数的水分响应特征.生态学报,33(19):6088-6096.
吴寿国,余学军,李凯,等.2014.海盐对绿竹叶片反射光谱及叶绿素荧光参数的影响.生态学报,34(17):4920-4930.
吴志庄,杜旭华,熊德礼,等.2013a.不同类型竹种光合特性的比较研究.生态环境学报,22(9):1523-1527.
吴志庄,高贵宾,熊德礼,等.2013b.9个主要丛生竹种光响应曲线的研究.竹子研究汇刊,32(2):16-20.
夏江宝,张光灿.2008.美国凌霄光合生理参数对水分与光照的响应.北京林业大学学报,30(5):13-18.
闫小莉,王德炉.2014.遮荫对苦丁茶树叶片特征及光合特性的影响.生态学报,34(13):3538-3547.
闫兴富,刘建利,贝盏临,等.2015.不同光强条件下柠条锦鸡儿的种子萌发和幼苗生长特征.生态学杂志,34(4):912-918.
杨清培,杨光耀,宋庆妮,等.2015.竹子扩张生态学研究:过程、后效与机制.植物生态学报,39(1):110-124.
张蕾,金松恒,方伟.2009.4种珍稀观赏竹光合作用特性研究.浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,35(2):165-172.
张齐生.2002.重视竹材化学利用,开发竹炭应用技术.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,20(1):34-35.
张齐生.2003.我国竹材加工利用要重视科学和创新.浙江林学院学报,20(1):1-4.
赵顺,黄秋娴,李玉灵,等.2014.遮荫处理对臭柏幼苗光合特性的影响.生态学报,34(8):1994-2002.
郑蓉.2012.越冬期不同产地绿竹叶绿素荧光参数的动态变化.森林与环境学报,32(1):28-32.
郑容妹,郑郁善,张梅,等.2002.盐分胁迫对沿海绿竹光合作用及叶绿素的影响.竹子学报,21(4):76-80.
钟雪梅,史振声.2012.玉米遮荫胁迫研究进展.玉米科学,20(1):138-141.
Nguyen Ba Trieu,陈宇,林小琴,等.2016.不同种源越南杉木幼龄期叶绿素荧光特征比较.四川农业大学学报,34(1):34-38.
Larcher W.2003.Physiological plant ecology:Ecophysiology and stress of function groups.Quarterly Review of Biology,77:365-366.
Piouceau J,Bois G,Panfili F,et al.2014.Effects of high nutrient supply on the growth of seven bamboo species.International Journal of Phytoremediation,16:1042-1057.
White AJ,Critchley C.1999.Rapid light curves:A new fluorescence method to assess the state of the photosynthetic apparatus.Photosynthesis Research,59:63-72.
Wu TH,Liao MH,Kuo WY,et al.2011.Characterization of copper/zinc and manganese superoxide dismutase in green bamboo(Dendrocalamopsis oldhami):Cloning,expression and regulation.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,49:195-200.
Xie YF,Cai XL,Liu WL,et al.2013.Effects of lanthanum nitrate on growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Alternanthera philoxeroides under perchlorate stress.Journal of Rare Earths,31:823-829.
Yeh SH,Lee BH,Liao SC,et al.2013.Identification of genes differentially expressed during the growth of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,63:217-226.
Zhang W.2005.The seasonal photosynthetic responses of seedlings of the endangered plant Cathaya argyrophylla to different growth light environments.Chinese Biodiversity,13:387-397.
Zhu L,Shi Y,Zang Q,et al.2016.Functional analysis of PI-like gene in relation to flower development from bamboo(Dendrocalamopsis oldhami).Journal of Genetics,95:71-78.
陈梅,唐运来.2013.高温胁迫下苋菜的叶绿素荧光特性.生态学杂志,32(7):1813-1818.
高贵宾,顾小平,吴晓丽,等.2009.设施栽培绿竹笋用林的出笋规律.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,33(2):27-30.
高贵宾,顾小平,张小平,等.2008.设施内外绿竹光合作用日变化及影响因子研究.江西农业大学学报,30(3):494-498.
金国庆,周志春,胡红宝,等.2005.3种乡土阔叶树种容器育苗技术研究.林业科学研究,18(4):387-392.
李延军,许斌,张齐生,等.2016.我国竹材加工产业现状与对策分析.林业工程学报,1(1):2-7.
梁文斌,聂东伶,吴思政,等.2015.遮荫对短梗大参苗木光合作用及生长的影响.生态学杂志,34(2):413-419.
刘强,李凤日,谢龙飞.2016.人工长白落叶松冠层光合作用-光响应曲线最优模型.应用生态学报,27(8):2420-2428.
刘建锋,杨文娟,江泽平,等.2011.遮荫对濒危植物崖柏光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的影响.生态学报,31(20):5999-6004.
宋洋,廖亮,刘涛,等.2016.不同遮荫水平下香榧苗期光合作用及氮分配的响应机制.林业科学,52(5):55-63.
孙佳音,杨逢建,庞海河,等.2007.遮荫对南方红豆杉光合特性及生活史型影响.植物研究,27(4):439-444.
唐敬超,史作民,罗达,等.2017.遮荫处理对灰木莲幼苗叶片光合氮利用效率的影响.生态学报,37(22):7493-7502.
王海珍,韩路,徐雅丽,等.2017.干旱胁迫下胡杨光合光响应过程模拟与模型比较.生态学报,37(7):2315-2324.
王洪义,王正文.2013.羊草种群对遮荫的适应性生长对策.生态学杂志,32(8):1987-1993.
王建华,任士福,史宝胜,等.2011.遮荫对连翘光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响.生态学报,31(7):1811-1817.
王荣荣,夏江宝,杨吉华,等.2013.贝壳砂生境酸枣叶片光合生理参数的水分响应特征.生态学报,33(19):6088-6096.
吴寿国,余学军,李凯,等.2014.海盐对绿竹叶片反射光谱及叶绿素荧光参数的影响.生态学报,34(17):4920-4930.
吴志庄,杜旭华,熊德礼,等.2013a.不同类型竹种光合特性的比较研究.生态环境学报,22(9):1523-1527.
吴志庄,高贵宾,熊德礼,等.2013b.9个主要丛生竹种光响应曲线的研究.竹子研究汇刊,32(2):16-20.
夏江宝,张光灿.2008.美国凌霄光合生理参数对水分与光照的响应.北京林业大学学报,30(5):13-18.
闫小莉,王德炉.2014.遮荫对苦丁茶树叶片特征及光合特性的影响.生态学报,34(13):3538-3547.
闫兴富,刘建利,贝盏临,等.2015.不同光强条件下柠条锦鸡儿的种子萌发和幼苗生长特征.生态学杂志,34(4):912-918.
杨清培,杨光耀,宋庆妮,等.2015.竹子扩张生态学研究:过程、后效与机制.植物生态学报,39(1):110-124.
张蕾,金松恒,方伟.2009.4种珍稀观赏竹光合作用特性研究.浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,35(2):165-172.
张齐生.2002.重视竹材化学利用,开发竹炭应用技术.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,20(1):34-35.
张齐生.2003.我国竹材加工利用要重视科学和创新.浙江林学院学报,20(1):1-4.
赵顺,黄秋娴,李玉灵,等.2014.遮荫处理对臭柏幼苗光合特性的影响.生态学报,34(8):1994-2002.
郑蓉.2012.越冬期不同产地绿竹叶绿素荧光参数的动态变化.森林与环境学报,32(1):28-32.
郑容妹,郑郁善,张梅,等.2002.盐分胁迫对沿海绿竹光合作用及叶绿素的影响.竹子学报,21(4):76-80.
钟雪梅,史振声.2012.玉米遮荫胁迫研究进展.玉米科学,20(1):138-141.
Nguyen Ba Trieu,陈宇,林小琴,等.2016.不同种源越南杉木幼龄期叶绿素荧光特征比较.四川农业大学学报,34(1):34-38.
Larcher W.2003.Physiological plant ecology:Ecophysiology and stress of function groups.Quarterly Review of Biology,77:365-366.
Piouceau J,Bois G,Panfili F,et al.2014.Effects of high nutrient supply on the growth of seven bamboo species.International Journal of Phytoremediation,16:1042-1057.
White AJ,Critchley C.1999.Rapid light curves:A new fluorescence method to assess the state of the photosynthetic apparatus.Photosynthesis Research,59:63-72.
Wu TH,Liao MH,Kuo WY,et al.2011.Characterization of copper/zinc and manganese superoxide dismutase in green bamboo(Dendrocalamopsis oldhami):Cloning,expression and regulation.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,49:195-200.
Xie YF,Cai XL,Liu WL,et al.2013.Effects of lanthanum nitrate on growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Alternanthera philoxeroides under perchlorate stress.Journal of Rare Earths,31:823-829.
Yeh SH,Lee BH,Liao SC,et al.2013.Identification of genes differentially expressed during the growth of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,63:217-226.
Zhang W.2005.The seasonal photosynthetic responses of seedlings of the endangered plant Cathaya argyrophylla to different growth light environments.Chinese Biodiversity,13:387-397.
Zhu L,Shi Y,Zang Q,et al.2016.Functional analysis of PI-like gene in relation to flower development from bamboo(Dendrocalamopsis oldhami).Journal of Genetics,95:71-78.