退耕还林(草)政策下土地利用结构优化研究——以内蒙古太仆寺旗为例
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摘要
基于中国北方农牧交错带太仆寺旗1995、2000、2005和2008年四期土地利用现状和同时期社会经济统计数据,CLUE-S模型理论框架,结合土地利用适宜性评价和生态系统过程模型,设定生态效益最优、经济效益最优、综合效益最优、现状及预测五种情景,并基于五种情景,对太仆寺旗的土地利用数量需求和空间分布格局进行了优化配置。结果表明,退耕还林(草)政策的实施导致区域土地利用的剧烈变化,但其综合效益与生态效益变化趋势一致。从用地结构来看,太仆寺旗的土地利用现状还存在较大的优化空间,通过综合最优目标的优化,耕地、草地和其他用地在优化后的比例分别占土地总面积的30.34%、35.33%和12.48%,土地利用的生态效益、经济效益和综合效益分别提高了6.2%、2.1%和3.89%,并且向着更加生态与集约的方向发展。从土地利用空间格局上来看,其东北部受人类活动的影响显著,退耕还林(草)政策仍是导致其生态效益和经济效益发生变化的重要影响因子。今后,只有以综合效益最优为目标的土地利用结构优化,才能保证在现状土地利用效益不减少的情况下,最大程度地增加土地利用的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益,使土地利用既满足生态环境的要求,又能提高其经济产出,实现土地资源的可持续利用。
Based on the land use map and social and economic statistical data of Taibus Banner in 1995,2000,2005 and 2008,applying CLUE-S model framework combined with land suitability evaluation and ecosystem process model,this paper set up five scenarios including optimal ecological benefit,optimal economic benefit,optimal comprehensive benefit,present situation and forecast to the future,and optimized the configuration of land use amount and spatial distribution pattern in Taibus Banner. The results showed that the land use in Taibus Banner had a dramatic change after the Grain for Green Project policy was implemented,but comprehensive benefit showed the same trend with ecological benefits.In terms of the structure of land use,the land use can be optimized to a larger degree. Through optimization of comprehensive optimal target,the proportions of optimized cropland,grassland and other land types were 30.34%,35.33% and 12. 48% respectively in the total land use,and ecological benefit,economic benefit and comprehensive benefit of land use increased by 6.2%,2.1% and 3.89% respectively and the land use was in the direction of the more ecological and intensive development. From the perspective of the spatial pattern of land use,northeast Taibus Banner was significantly affected by human activities,and Grain for Green Project was still an important factor to the changes in ecological benefit and economic benefit. In the future,the optimization of land use structure that aims at optimizing comprehensive benefit can maximize ecological benefit,economic benefit and social benefit under circumstance of not reducing current land use benefit. Thus,land use can both satisfy the requirements of ecological environment,increase economic output of land and finally realize the sustainable use of land resources.
Based on the land use map and social and economic statistical data of Taibus Banner in 1995,2000,2005 and 2008,applying CLUE-S model framework combined with land suitability evaluation and ecosystem process model,this paper set up five scenarios including optimal ecological benefit,optimal economic benefit,optimal comprehensive benefit,present situation and forecast to the future,and optimized the configuration of land use amount and spatial distribution pattern in Taibus Banner. The results showed that the land use in Taibus Banner had a dramatic change after the Grain for Green Project policy was implemented,but comprehensive benefit showed the same trend with ecological benefits.In terms of the structure of land use,the land use can be optimized to a larger degree. Through optimization of comprehensive optimal target,the proportions of optimized cropland,grassland and other land types were 30.34%,35.33% and 12. 48% respectively in the total land use,and ecological benefit,economic benefit and comprehensive benefit of land use increased by 6.2%,2.1% and 3.89% respectively and the land use was in the direction of the more ecological and intensive development. From the perspective of the spatial pattern of land use,northeast Taibus Banner was significantly affected by human activities,and Grain for Green Project was still an important factor to the changes in ecological benefit and economic benefit. In the future,the optimization of land use structure that aims at optimizing comprehensive benefit can maximize ecological benefit,economic benefit and social benefit under circumstance of not reducing current land use benefit. Thus,land use can both satisfy the requirements of ecological environment,increase economic output of land and finally realize the sustainable use of land resources.
引文
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[19]龚建周,刘彦随,张灵.广州市土地利用结构优化配置及其潜力[J].地理学报,2010(11):1391-1400.
[20]何国松,钟儒刚,黄莉敏,等.武汉城市圈一体化视角下的咸宁市科技人才发展现状与对策[J].科技与管理,2011(1):117-120.
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[22]刘淼,胡远满,常禹,等.生态保护政策对岷江上游地区土地利用/覆被的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010(6):1351-1358.
[23]邓祥征,刘纪远,战金艳,等.太仆寺旗土地利用变化时空格局的动态模拟[J].地理研究,2004(2):147-156.
[24]王静爱,徐霞,刘培芳.中国北方农牧交错带土地利用与人口负荷研究[J].资源科学,1999,21(5):19-24,8.
[25]张永民,赵士洞,VERBURG P H. CLUE-S模型及其在奈曼旗土地利用时空动态变化模拟中的应用[J].自然资源学报,2003(3):310-318.
[26]徐霞,刘海鹏,高琼.中国北方农牧交错带土地利用空间优化布局的动态模拟[J].地理科学进展,2008,27(3):80-85.
[2]谭少华,倪绍祥. 20世纪以来土地利用研究综述[J].地域研究与开发,2006,25(5):84-89.
[3]CARPENTER S R,MOONEY H A,AGARD J,et al. Science for managing ecosystem services:beyond the millennium ecosystem assessment[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,2009,106(5):1305-1312.
[4]TURNER B N,LAMBIN E F,REENBERG A. The emergence of land change science for global environmental change and sustainability[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U S A,2007,104(52):20666-20671.
[5]STERK B,CARBERRY P,LEEUWIS C,et al. The interface between land use systems research and policy:multiple arrangements and leverages[J]. Land use policy,2009,26(2):434-442.
[6]刘纪远,匡文慧,张增祥,等. 20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局[J].地理学报,2014,69(1):3-14.
[7]甘红,刘彦随,王大伟.土地利用类型转换的人文驱动因子模拟分析[J].资源科学,2004,26(2):88-93.
[8]刘旭华,王劲峰,刘纪远,等.国家尺度耕地变化驱动力的定量分析方法[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(4):56-60.
[9]雷艳旭.基于多目标规划的开封市土地利用结构优化研究[D].开封:河南大学,2012.
[10]刘荣霞,薛安,韩鹏,等.土地利用结构优化方法述评[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2005,41(4):655-662.
[11]汤怀志,苏强,吴克宁,等.区域土地利用集约发展的阶段性分析[J].资源与产业,2007,9(6):24-28.
[12]SEPPELT R,VOINOV A. Optimization methodology for land use patterns:evaluation based on multiscale habitat pattern comparison[J]. Ecological modelling,2003,168(3):217-231.
[13]SEPPELT R,VOINOV A. Optimization methodology for land use patterns using spatially explicit landscape models[J]. Ecological modelling,2002,151(2–3):125-142.
[14]王冰琰,李帆.洛阳市土地利用结构优化研究[J].山西建筑,2014(3):15-16.
[15]李秀霞,徐龙,江恩赐.基于系统动力学的土地利用结构多目标优化[J].农业工程学报,2013(16):247-254.
[16]邱炳文,陈崇成.基于多目标决策和CA模型的土地利用变化预测模型及其应用[J].地理学报,2008(2):165-174.
[17]曲艺,舒帮荣,欧名豪,等.基于生态用地约束的土地利用数量结构优化[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(1):155-161.
[18]赵阳,张艺,涂志华,等.基于生态服务价值的多目标水源地土地利用结构优化[J].中国环境科学,2014(1):232-238.
[19]龚建周,刘彦随,张灵.广州市土地利用结构优化配置及其潜力[J].地理学报,2010(11):1391-1400.
[20]何国松,钟儒刚,黄莉敏,等.武汉城市圈一体化视角下的咸宁市科技人才发展现状与对策[J].科技与管理,2011(1):117-120.
[21] XIE G D, ZHEN L, ZHANG C X,et al. Multifunctional measurement of land use in China[J]. Journal of resources and ecology,2010(4):311-318.
[22]刘淼,胡远满,常禹,等.生态保护政策对岷江上游地区土地利用/覆被的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010(6):1351-1358.
[23]邓祥征,刘纪远,战金艳,等.太仆寺旗土地利用变化时空格局的动态模拟[J].地理研究,2004(2):147-156.
[24]王静爱,徐霞,刘培芳.中国北方农牧交错带土地利用与人口负荷研究[J].资源科学,1999,21(5):19-24,8.
[25]张永民,赵士洞,VERBURG P H. CLUE-S模型及其在奈曼旗土地利用时空动态变化模拟中的应用[J].自然资源学报,2003(3):310-318.
[26]徐霞,刘海鹏,高琼.中国北方农牧交错带土地利用空间优化布局的动态模拟[J].地理科学进展,2008,27(3):80-85.