基于钻石理论的中药产业国际贸易竞争力研究
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摘要
我国开展中药国际贸易历史悠久,出口的产品以中药材及饮片和提取物为主,中成药及保健品为辅,存在产品出口结构不均衡、贸易壁垒等问题。该文采用迈克尔·波特的钻石理论,分析我国中药产业的国际竞争力,发现在国际竞争中,我国的中药产业具有丰富的生产要素和广阔的需求条件,但缺乏相关及支持性产业。与欧美、日本植物药生产企业相比,企业战略和定位不清晰,同业竞争能力有待提高。随着国际植物药市场的发展、老龄化社会的到来和我国鼓励中医药产业发展政策的出台,中药产业迎来发展机遇。最后,该文提出立足临床研究,提升中药的国际认可度;加强国际标准建设,应对贸易壁垒;通过医药产业集聚形成规模经济,提升我国中药产品的国际竞争力。
China has a long history of the international trade of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).And the export products mainly composed of Chinese herbal medicine and its extracts with Chinese patent herbal medicine and health care products as complementary items.The international trade of TCM faces problems of structural disequilibrium in export products and trade barriers.In this study,we used Michael Porter's diamond model to analyze the international competitiveness of TCM industry.We found that TCM industry in China was rich in production factors and broad in market demands,but lack of the related and supporting industries.In addition,compared with the herbal medicine manufacturers in European,American and Japanese,enterprises in China were weaker in the strategy making,market positioning and industry competing.The development of the international market of herbal medicine,the arrival of the aging society,and the introduced policies of the TCM,provide great opportunities for TCM industry' s development.In order to improve the competitiveness of the TCM industry,we propose to increase the international recognition of TCM by developing clinical study,cope with international trade barrier by strengthen international standardization research,and improve the competitiveness of TCM industry by economies of scale formed by the accumulation of the pharmaceutical industry
China has a long history of the international trade of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).And the export products mainly composed of Chinese herbal medicine and its extracts with Chinese patent herbal medicine and health care products as complementary items.The international trade of TCM faces problems of structural disequilibrium in export products and trade barriers.In this study,we used Michael Porter's diamond model to analyze the international competitiveness of TCM industry.We found that TCM industry in China was rich in production factors and broad in market demands,but lack of the related and supporting industries.In addition,compared with the herbal medicine manufacturers in European,American and Japanese,enterprises in China were weaker in the strategy making,market positioning and industry competing.The development of the international market of herbal medicine,the arrival of the aging society,and the introduced policies of the TCM,provide great opportunities for TCM industry' s development.In order to improve the competitiveness of the TCM industry,we propose to increase the international recognition of TCM by developing clinical study,cope with international trade barrier by strengthen international standardization research,and improve the competitiveness of TCM industry by economies of scale formed by the accumulation of the pharmaceutical industry
引文
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[3]郝刚,冯占春.我国中药产业国际竞争力的测算与分析[J].中国卫生经济,2011,30(10):60.
[4]张中朋,汪建芬.我国中药贸易现状及思考[J].中国现代中药,2017,19(2):278.
[5]迈克尔·波特.国家竞争优势[M].北京:中信出版集团股份有限公司,2016:114.
[6]杨健.基于钻石理论的中国动漫产业竞争力评价研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2014.
[7]张惠源,赵润怀,袁昌齐,等.我国的中药资源种类[J].中国中药杂志,1995,20(7):387.
[8]李玲,孙明玉,周涛,等.中国天然药物资源的研究现状与发展趋势[J].中国中医药现代远程教育,2017,15(15):49.
[9]薛清录.中国中医古籍总目[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,2007.
[10]罗倩.秦汉至明代岭南中医药人名录编纂与相关研究[D].广州:广州中医药大学,2011.
[11]中华人民共和国工业和信息化部消费品司.2016年医药工业主要经济指标完成情况[EB/OL].(2017-04-20)[2018-05-11].http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146285/n1146352/n3054355/n3057601/n3057603/c5594197/content.html.
[12]阙灵,杨光,缪剑华,等.中药资源迁地保护的现状及展望[J].中国中药杂志,2016,41(20):3703.
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[15]可晓梅.我国中药产业国际竞争力提升对策研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.
[16]王玉芬,申俊龙.新常态下中药产业废弃物资源化的思考---新结构经济学的视角[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2015,21(24):225.
[17]李祺,刘盈,汪晓凡.中药产业链研究述评[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2014,20(20):234.