夏、冬季黄东海溶解氧的分布特征研究
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摘要
本文基于2015年8月和12月的现场调查资料,分析了我国黄东海溶解氧(DO)分布特征与季节变化,并对其影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明:黄东海DO的分布存在明显的时空差异。夏季,DO质量浓度的变化范围为1.92—11.35mg/L,南黄海冷水团海域存在中层水体DO最大值现象;长江口附近(30.73°—32.30°N,122.96°—124.60°E)与浙江近海(28.43°—29.40°N,121.97°—122.63°E)底层存在低氧区(DO<3mg/L),面积可达14800km2;且东海外侧底层(28.88°—29.70°N,124.08°—124.90°E)存在DO<4mg/L的DO低值区。冬季,DO质量浓度变化范围为4.81—10.29mg/L,总体上呈现近岸高、外海低的分布特征;南黄海中部(33.80°—34.66°N,123.52°—124.23°E)与北部(35.50°—36.36°N,122.96°—123.82°E)底层水体DO质量浓度低于6mg/L,DO最低值为4.81mg/L。黄东海DO分布特征及其变化受物理过程与生物化学过程等多种因素的综合影响,且表现出明显的时空分布差异。
Using the field data of August and December 2015, we analyzed the distribution and seasonal variation of dissolved oxygen(DO) in Yellow Sea and East China Sea(ECS) and the influencing factors. The results show obvious spatial and temporal distributions of DO in the study area. In summer, DO content ranged 1.92—11.35 mg/L. In the southern Yellow Sea Cold Water(YSCW), the DO maximum occurred in the middle layer. The hypoxic zone(DO<3 mg/L) was observedin the bottom water of Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary(30.73°—32.30°N, 122.96°—124.60°E) and near-shore coastal waters off Zhejiang(28.43°—29.40°N, 121.97°—122.63°E), which covered an area of 14800 km2. Beyond ECS(28.88°—29.70°N, 124.08°—124.90°E), DO dropped to <4 mg/L in bottom water. In winter, DO content varied from 4.81 to 10.29 mg/L, and decreased offshore gradually, which decreased to <6 mg/L in the middle and northern parts of the southern Yellow Sea. The DO distribution in the study area was affected by multiple factors and varied in season and space, of which temperature and salinity were the major ones in winter. And other derivative factors, including water column stratification, organic matter decomposition and vertical convection etc., played an important role in summer.
Using the field data of August and December 2015, we analyzed the distribution and seasonal variation of dissolved oxygen(DO) in Yellow Sea and East China Sea(ECS) and the influencing factors. The results show obvious spatial and temporal distributions of DO in the study area. In summer, DO content ranged 1.92—11.35 mg/L. In the southern Yellow Sea Cold Water(YSCW), the DO maximum occurred in the middle layer. The hypoxic zone(DO<3 mg/L) was observedin the bottom water of Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary(30.73°—32.30°N, 122.96°—124.60°E) and near-shore coastal waters off Zhejiang(28.43°—29.40°N, 121.97°—122.63°E), which covered an area of 14800 km2. Beyond ECS(28.88°—29.70°N, 124.08°—124.90°E), DO dropped to <4 mg/L in bottom water. In winter, DO content varied from 4.81 to 10.29 mg/L, and decreased offshore gradually, which decreased to <6 mg/L in the middle and northern parts of the southern Yellow Sea. The DO distribution in the study area was affected by multiple factors and varied in season and space, of which temperature and salinity were the major ones in winter. And other derivative factors, including water column stratification, organic matter decomposition and vertical convection etc., played an important role in summer.
引文
王保栋,刘峰,王桂云,1999.南黄海溶解氧的平面分布及其季节变化.海洋学报,21(4):47-53
韦钦胜,周明,魏修华等,2010a.冬季南黄海海水化学要素的分布特征及变化趋势.海洋科学进展,28(3):353-363
韦钦胜,战闰,魏修华等,2010b.夏季长江口东北部海域DO的分布及低氧特征.海洋科学进展,28(1):32-40
韦钦胜,魏修华,战闰等,2010c.夏季南黄海西部溶解氧的分布特征及其影响因素分析.海洋环境科学,29(6):808-814
吴金浩,王年斌,张玉凤等,2013.夏季大连湾溶解氧分布变化特征及其与营养盐的关系.海洋通报,32(1):66-71
宋国栋,石晓勇,祝陈坚,2007.春季黄海溶解氧的平面分布特征及主要影响因素初探.海洋环境科学,26(6):534-536
张竹琦,1990.黄海和东海北部夏季底层溶解氧最大值和最小值特征分析.海洋通报,(4):22-26
张莹莹,张经,吴莹等,2007.长江口溶解氧的分布特征及影响因素研究.环境科学,28(8):1649-1654
杨庆霄,董娅婕,蒋岳文等,2001.黄海和东海海域溶解氧的分布特征.海洋环境科学,20(3):9-13
辛明,马德毅,王保栋等,2013.黄海溶解氧的平面分布特征及其季节变化.中国海洋大学学报自然科学版,43(7):56-60
柴小平,魏娜,母清林等,2015.浙江近岸海域春季表层溶解氧饱和度分布及影响因素.中国环境监测,31(5):140-144
蒋国昌,王玉衡,唐仁友等,1991.东海溶解氧垂直分布和季节变化.海洋学报,13(3):348-355
Diaz R J,Rosenberg R,2008.Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems.Science,321(5891):926-929
Li D,Zhang J,Huang D et al,2002.Oxygen depletion off the Changjiang(Yangtze River)Estuary.Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,45(12):1137-1146
Li X A,Yu Z M,Song X X et al,2011.The seasonal characteristics of dissolved oxygen distribution and hypoxia in the Changjiang Estuary.Journal of Coastal Research,27(6A):52-62
Middelburg J J,Levin L A,2009.Coastal hypoxia and sediment biogeochemistry.Biogeosciences Discussions,6(7):1273-1293
Pytkowicx R M,1971.On the apparent oxygen utilization and the preformed phosphate in the oceans.Limnology and Oceanography,16(1):39-42
Rabouille C,Conley D J,Dai M H et al,2008.Comparison of hypoxia among four river-dominated ocean margins:The Changjiang(Yangtze),Mississippi,Pearl,and Rhone rivers.Continental Shelf Research,28(12):1527-1537
Wang B D,Wei Q S,Chen J S et al,2012.Annual cycle of hypoxia off the Changjiang(Yangtze River)Estuary.Marine Environmental Research,77:1-5
Zhang H,Li S Y,2010.Effects of physical and biochemical processes on the dissolved oxygen budget for the Pearl River Estuary during summer.Journal of Marine Systems,79(1-2):65-88
韦钦胜,周明,魏修华等,2010a.冬季南黄海海水化学要素的分布特征及变化趋势.海洋科学进展,28(3):353-363
韦钦胜,战闰,魏修华等,2010b.夏季长江口东北部海域DO的分布及低氧特征.海洋科学进展,28(1):32-40
韦钦胜,魏修华,战闰等,2010c.夏季南黄海西部溶解氧的分布特征及其影响因素分析.海洋环境科学,29(6):808-814
吴金浩,王年斌,张玉凤等,2013.夏季大连湾溶解氧分布变化特征及其与营养盐的关系.海洋通报,32(1):66-71
宋国栋,石晓勇,祝陈坚,2007.春季黄海溶解氧的平面分布特征及主要影响因素初探.海洋环境科学,26(6):534-536
张竹琦,1990.黄海和东海北部夏季底层溶解氧最大值和最小值特征分析.海洋通报,(4):22-26
张莹莹,张经,吴莹等,2007.长江口溶解氧的分布特征及影响因素研究.环境科学,28(8):1649-1654
杨庆霄,董娅婕,蒋岳文等,2001.黄海和东海海域溶解氧的分布特征.海洋环境科学,20(3):9-13
辛明,马德毅,王保栋等,2013.黄海溶解氧的平面分布特征及其季节变化.中国海洋大学学报自然科学版,43(7):56-60
柴小平,魏娜,母清林等,2015.浙江近岸海域春季表层溶解氧饱和度分布及影响因素.中国环境监测,31(5):140-144
蒋国昌,王玉衡,唐仁友等,1991.东海溶解氧垂直分布和季节变化.海洋学报,13(3):348-355
Diaz R J,Rosenberg R,2008.Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems.Science,321(5891):926-929
Li D,Zhang J,Huang D et al,2002.Oxygen depletion off the Changjiang(Yangtze River)Estuary.Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,45(12):1137-1146
Li X A,Yu Z M,Song X X et al,2011.The seasonal characteristics of dissolved oxygen distribution and hypoxia in the Changjiang Estuary.Journal of Coastal Research,27(6A):52-62
Middelburg J J,Levin L A,2009.Coastal hypoxia and sediment biogeochemistry.Biogeosciences Discussions,6(7):1273-1293
Pytkowicx R M,1971.On the apparent oxygen utilization and the preformed phosphate in the oceans.Limnology and Oceanography,16(1):39-42
Rabouille C,Conley D J,Dai M H et al,2008.Comparison of hypoxia among four river-dominated ocean margins:The Changjiang(Yangtze),Mississippi,Pearl,and Rhone rivers.Continental Shelf Research,28(12):1527-1537
Wang B D,Wei Q S,Chen J S et al,2012.Annual cycle of hypoxia off the Changjiang(Yangtze River)Estuary.Marine Environmental Research,77:1-5
Zhang H,Li S Y,2010.Effects of physical and biochemical processes on the dissolved oxygen budget for the Pearl River Estuary during summer.Journal of Marine Systems,79(1-2):65-88