氨氮浓度对鸡粪中高温甲烷发酵的影响
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摘要
为探究氨氮浓度对鸡粪中高温甲烷发酵的影响,采用固定水力停留时间(HRT,20d),提高进料总固体浓度(TS,5%、7.5%和10%)的方式增加氨氮浓度,通过265d的长期甲烷发酵试验,比较了不同氨氮浓度条件下鸡粪中高温甲烷发酵效果和污泥的比产甲烷活性.结果显示,TS由5%增至10%,中高温反应器中氨氮浓度由2.1～2.5g/L增至6.1～6.5g/L,对应的比产甲烷活性分别降低了44%和100%,中温反应器中挥发性脂肪酸由0.4g/L增至7.6g/L,甲烷产率由253mL/gTS降至203mL/gTS;高温反应器中挥发性脂肪酸由0.4g/L增至26.1g/L,甲烷产率由181mL/gTS降至18mL/gTS.氨氮浓度对高温甲烷发酵系统的抑制作用更加明显.
In order to explore the effect of total ammonium nitrogen(TAN) on mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of chicken manure, the performances of anaerobic digestion of chicken manure under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions were compared through 265 days' experiment with the increased TAN when the feed total solid(TS) increased from 5% to 7.5% and 10%. During the operation, the specific methanogenic activity(SMA) test was carried out with sodium acetate. The TAN in the mesophilic and thermophilic reactors increased from 2.1～2.5 to 6.1～6.5 g/L when TS increased from 5% to 10%. The SMAs of the mesophilic and thermophilic reactors reduced by 44% and 100%, respectively, resulting in a decrease in the ability of the fermentation system to produce methane by acetic acid. In the mesophilic reactor, the methane yield reduced from 253 to 203 mL/gTS, associated with the accumulation of volatile fatty acids(VFAs) from 0.4 to 7.6 g/L. The methane yield decreased from 181 to 18 mL/gTS when the VFA increased from 0.4 to 26.1 g/L in the thermophilic reactor. The effect of TAN on reducing methane yield was more obvious under thermophilic condition.
In order to explore the effect of total ammonium nitrogen(TAN) on mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of chicken manure, the performances of anaerobic digestion of chicken manure under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions were compared through 265 days' experiment with the increased TAN when the feed total solid(TS) increased from 5% to 7.5% and 10%. During the operation, the specific methanogenic activity(SMA) test was carried out with sodium acetate. The TAN in the mesophilic and thermophilic reactors increased from 2.1～2.5 to 6.1～6.5 g/L when TS increased from 5% to 10%. The SMAs of the mesophilic and thermophilic reactors reduced by 44% and 100%, respectively, resulting in a decrease in the ability of the fermentation system to produce methane by acetic acid. In the mesophilic reactor, the methane yield reduced from 253 to 203 mL/gTS, associated with the accumulation of volatile fatty acids(VFAs) from 0.4 to 7.6 g/L. The methane yield decreased from 181 to 18 mL/gTS when the VFA increased from 0.4 to 26.1 g/L in the thermophilic reactor. The effect of TAN on reducing methane yield was more obvious under thermophilic condition.
引文
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[2]Li K,Liu R H,Sun C,et al.Comparison of anaerobic digestion characteristics and kinetics of four livestock manures with different substrate concentrations[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,198:133-140.
[3]乔玮,毕少杰,尹冬敏,等.鸡粪中高温厌氧甲烷发酵产气潜能与动力学特性[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(1):234-243.Qiao W,Bi S J,Yin D M,et al.Biogas production potential and kinetics of chicken manure methane fermentation under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(1):234-243.
[4]乔玮,毕少杰,熊林鹏,等.进料浓度对鸡粪长期高温甲烷发酵的影响[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(7):2593-2601.Qiao W,Bi S J,Xiong L P,et al.Effect of feed concentration on long-term thermophilic methane fermentation of chicken manure[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(7):2593-2601.
[5]Andrew G H.Ammonia inhibition of methanogenesis from cattle wastes[J].Agricultural Wastes,1986,7(4):41-261.
[6]Niu Q G,Qiao W,Qiang H,et al.Mesophilic methane fermentation of chicken manure at a wide range of ammonia concentration:Stability,inhibition and recovery[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,137:358-367.
[7]Li L,Qin Y,Kong Z,et al.Characterization of microbial community and main functional groups of prokaryotes in thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and paper waste[J].The Science of the total environment,2018,652:709-717.
[8]Wagner A O,Gstraunthaler G,Illmer P.Survival of bacterial pathogens during the thermophilic anaerobic digestion of biowaste:Laboratory experiments and in situ validation[J].Anaerobe,2008,14:181-183.
[9]Vrieze J D,Smet D,Klok J,et al.Thermophilic sludge digestion improves energy balance and nutrient recovery potential in full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,218:1237-1245.
[10]Zeeman G,Wiegant W M,Koster-Treffers M E,et al.The Influence of the total ammonia concentration on the thermophilic digestion of cow manure[J].Agricultural Wastes,1985,4(1):19-35.
[11]Niu Q G,Hojo T,Qiao W,et al.Characterization of methanogenesis,acidogenesis and hydrolysis in thermophilic methane fermentation of chicken manure[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2014,244:587-596.
[12]Angelidaki I,Ahring B K.Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of livestock waste:the effect of ammonia[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1993,38:560-564.
[13]马溪平.厌氧微生物学与污水处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.MA X P.Anaerobic microbiology and sewege treatment[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2005.
[14]Wandera S M,Qiao W,Algapani D E,et al.Searching for possibilities to improve the performance of full scale agricultural biogas plants[J].Renewable Energy,2018,116:720-727.
[15]Algapani D E,Wang J,Qiao W,et al.Improving methane production and anaerobic digestion stability of food waste by extracting lipids and mixing it with sewage sludge[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,244:996-1005.
[16]Borja R,Sánchez E,Weiland P.Influence of ammonia concentration on thermophilic anaerobic digestion of cattle manure in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB)reactors Process[J].Biochemistry,1996,31(5):477-483.
[17]Niu Q G,Qiao W,Qiang H,et al.Mesophilic methane fermentation of chicken manure at a wide range of ammonia concentration:stability,inhibition and recovery[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,137:358-367.
[18]Li D,Liu S C,Mi L,et al.Effects of feedstock ratio and organic loading rate on the anaerobic mesophilic co-digestion of rice straw and cow manure[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,189:319-326.
[19]任南琪,王爱杰.厌氧生物技术原理与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.Ren N Q,Wang A J.Principle and application of anaerobic biotechnology[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2004.
[20]Buswell A M,ollo F W.Mechanism of the methane fermentation[J].Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,1952,44(3):550-552.
[21]Nizami A S,Murphy J D.What type of digester configurations should be employed to produce biomethane from grass silage?[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2010,14:1558-1568.
[22]Zeeman G,Wiegant W M,Koster-Treffers M E,et al.The influence of the total ammonia concentration on the thermophilic digestion of cow manure[J].Agricultural Wastes,1985,14(1):19-35.
[23]Andrew G H.Ammonia inhibition of methanogenesis from cattle wastes[J].Agricultural Wastes,1986,17(4):241-261.
[24]Hussain A,Dubey S K.Specific methanogenic activity test for anaerobic treatment of phenolic wastewater[J].Desalination&Water Treatment,2014,52:7015-7025.
[25]He M,Sun Y,Zou D,et al.Influence of temperature on hydrolysis acidification of food waste[J].Procedia Materials Science,2012,16:85-94.
[26]Bi S,Qiao W,Xiong L,et al.Effects of organic loading rate on anaerobic digestion of chicken manure under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions[J].Renewable Energy,2019,139:242-250.
[27]Yin D M,Westerholm M,Qiao W,et al.An explanation of the methanogenic pathway for methane production in anaerobic digestion of nitrogen-rich materials under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions[J].Bioresource Technology,2018,264(5):42-50.