大庆龙凤湿地水污染情况调查及治理建议
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摘要
大庆有着丰富的湿地资源,生态经济价值极大。近年来,随着大庆经济的快速发展,湿地污染情况严重。选择具有代表性的龙凤湿地进行研究,通过对湿地上覆水体及底泥间隙水各项指标的测试,分析了龙凤湿地污染情况。结果表明,该湿地水体及底泥均受到严重污染,底泥间隙水中污染物含量约为上覆水体3倍左右。表层底泥中污染物含量最高,其总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)含量在垂向上呈下降趋势。针对龙凤湿地的水污染情况,必须同时采取内外源的治理措施,在有效截污的情况下,有必要对底泥进行疏浚,同时将多种修复手段进行联用,但仍需要更深入和精确的研究来确定底泥疏浚深度。
The wetland resource of Daqing is abundant, its ecological and economic value is enormous. In recent years, with the rapid development of Daqing economy, wetland pollution is becoming very serious. In this study, the pollution of Longfeng wetland was analyzed by testing the indexes of the upper water and the pore-water of sediments. The results showed that the pollution of the wetland water was serious, the pollutant content in the sediment pore-water was about 2~3 times as that in the upper water;the nitrogen, phosphorus and other organic pollutants in the pore-water of the sediment was likely released into the above water due to the concentration gradient. The organic pollution of surface sediment was the most serious. The contents of total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorous(TP) in sediment were both decreasing in vertical direction. In view of the water pollution situation in Longfeng wetland, it is necessary to take both internal and external treatment measures. In the case of effective pollution interception, it is necessary to dredge the sediment and combine various restoration methods. However, more in-depth and accurate research is needed to determine the depth of sediment dredging.
The wetland resource of Daqing is abundant, its ecological and economic value is enormous. In recent years, with the rapid development of Daqing economy, wetland pollution is becoming very serious. In this study, the pollution of Longfeng wetland was analyzed by testing the indexes of the upper water and the pore-water of sediments. The results showed that the pollution of the wetland water was serious, the pollutant content in the sediment pore-water was about 2~3 times as that in the upper water;the nitrogen, phosphorus and other organic pollutants in the pore-water of the sediment was likely released into the above water due to the concentration gradient. The organic pollution of surface sediment was the most serious. The contents of total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorous(TP) in sediment were both decreasing in vertical direction. In view of the water pollution situation in Longfeng wetland, it is necessary to take both internal and external treatment measures. In the case of effective pollution interception, it is necessary to dredge the sediment and combine various restoration methods. However, more in-depth and accurate research is needed to determine the depth of sediment dredging.
引文
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[23]张思冲,叶华香,张敏.大庆北二十里泡湿地沉积物重金属污染物吸附与释放的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(S1):287-291.
[24]王少林.城市黑臭水体整治中控源截污改善措施的思考[J].净水技术,2017,36(11):1-6.
[25]王连华.大庆市入河排污口的调查与法制化管理[J].黑龙江水利科技,2006(01):96-97.
[26]汤爱萍,万金保,李爽.“控源-截污-资源化”模式处理面源污染[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(05):1761-1768.
[27]周成,杨国录,陆晶,等.河湖底泥污染物释放影响因素及底泥处理的研究进展[J].环境工程,2016,34(05):113-117+94.
[28]刘用凯,景观湖泊水体综合整治技术研究[J],海峡科学,2009(3):9-12.
[29]陆健健.湿地生态学[M]:北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[2]陈吉余,陈沈良.中国河口海岸面临的挑战[J].海洋地质动态,2002,18(1):1-5.
[3]刘守江.中国湿地资源的现状、问题与可持续发展研究[J].宜春学院学报,2004,26(6):10-12.
[4]李剑超,王培英,谭远友,等.污染底泥及其间隙水分层特性的模拟实验研究[J].环境污染与防治,2004(05):323-325+315.
[5]张锡辉.水环境修复工程学原理与应用[M]北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[6]徐太海,梁彦涛,秦姝冕.龙凤湿地生态系统特征及保护措施[J].绿色科技,2014(08):1-2+5
[7]李晓峰.石油化工污水处理技术现状与发展趋势[J].当代化工,2015,44(07):1706-1708.
[8]胡远东,达良俊,许大为,等.大庆龙凤湿地自然保护区水质分析及污染防治对策[J].国土与自然资源研究,2010(05):53-54.
[9]侯朋福.龙凤湿地现状及其保护建议[J].黑龙江农业科学,2009(01):53-55.
[10]李剑超,朱光灿,刘伟生,等.沉积时间和温度对底泥间隙水有机污染物的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2004(04):723-726.
[11]GB 3838-2002国家地表水环境质量标准[S].
[12]Meharg A A,Wright J,Oshorn D.The frequency of environmental qualify standard(EQS)exceedance for chlorinated organic pollutants in rivers of the Humber Calchmenhs[J].Sci Total Environ,1998,210(2):219-234.
[13]Lovins W A,Duranceau S J,Gonzalez R M,et al.Optimizedcoagulation assessment for a highly organic surface water supply[J].Journal American Water Works Association,2003,95(10):94-108.
[14]Bostrom,B.,Anderson,J.M.,Fleischer,S.,et al.Exchangeof phosphorus across the sediment-water interface[J].Hydrobiologia,1988,170:229-244.
[15]张路,范成新,王建军,等.太湖草藻型湖区间隙水理化特性比较[J].中国环境科学,2004,24(5):556-560.
[16]李剑超,褚君达,丰华丽.河流底泥冲刷悬浮对水质影响途径的实验研究[J].长江流域资源与环境.2002.11(2):137-140.
[17]胡雪峰,高效江,陈振楼.上海市郊河流底泥氮磷释放规律的初步研究[J].上海环境科学,2001(02):66-70+102-103.
[18]Veenstra J N,Nolen S L.In-situ sediment oxygen demand infive southwestern United States lakes[J].Water Research,1991,25(3):351-354.
[19]Sahu S K,Ajmal P Y,Pandit G G,et al.Vertical distribution of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in sedimentcore fr TOC Thane Creek area of Mumbai,India[J].Journalof Hazardous Materials,2009,164:1573-1579.
[20]王永华,钱少猛,徐南妮,等.巢湖东区底泥污染物分布特征及评价[J].环境科学研究,2004,17(4):22-26.
[21]魏中青,刘丛强,梁小兵,等.洱海沉积物中有机质和DNA的分布特征[J].沉积学报,2004,22(4):375-378.
[22]车晓翠,姜雪.石油资源型城市可持续发展能力评价方法与实证研究[J].国土与自然资源研究,2013(01):14-16.
[23]张思冲,叶华香,张敏.大庆北二十里泡湿地沉积物重金属污染物吸附与释放的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(S1):287-291.
[24]王少林.城市黑臭水体整治中控源截污改善措施的思考[J].净水技术,2017,36(11):1-6.
[25]王连华.大庆市入河排污口的调查与法制化管理[J].黑龙江水利科技,2006(01):96-97.
[26]汤爱萍,万金保,李爽.“控源-截污-资源化”模式处理面源污染[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(05):1761-1768.
[27]周成,杨国录,陆晶,等.河湖底泥污染物释放影响因素及底泥处理的研究进展[J].环境工程,2016,34(05):113-117+94.
[28]刘用凯,景观湖泊水体综合整治技术研究[J],海峡科学,2009(3):9-12.
[29]陆健健.湿地生态学[M]:北京:高等教育出版社,2006.