基于PSR-灰靶模型的巢湖环湖防洪治理工程生态环境影响评价研究
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摘要
针对目前生态环境影响评价中存在的评价指标标准值难以确定以及权重确立存在较强主观性的问题,以巢湖环湖防洪治理工程为例,分析其生态环境影响特点并结合相关数据,以"压力—状态—响应"模型为理论基础,从压力、状态、响应3方面构建评价指标体系,采用熵权法确定各指标权重,借助灰靶模型对巢湖环湖防洪治理工程施工期产生的生态环境影响进行定量评价,以增强不同评价单元之间的可比性,并选取常用的综合指数法进行对比验证。研究结果表明:(1)肥西县、包河区、肥东县、巢湖市和庐江县的靶心度总得分分别为0. 779 0,0. 761 0,0. 616 1,0. 688 8,0. 600 1,对应的生态环境质量等级分别为良、良、一般、一般和较差;(2)对于压力层靶心度高,而状态层、响应层靶心度相对较低的肥西县,对排放的废弃物进行积极治理、加大环保资金的投入会取得良好的效果;相较于状态层、响应层靶心度,包河区、肥东县、巢湖市、庐江县压力层靶心度低,所以应尽可能合理安排施工场地和时间来减少废弃物的产生,从而改善该区域的生态环境质量状况。
Aiming at the problems existing in the ecological environment impact assessment,such as partial evaluation indexes selection and difficulties in determining the standard value, taking Chaohu Lakeside 's regulation projects for flood control as an example. Based on the theory of pressure—state—response model,an evaluation index system was established which took consideration of the characteristics and degree of ecological environment impacts. The weights were determined using the entropy method. In order to enhance the comparability of different evaluation units,selecting grey model to make quantitative evaluation of the ecological environment impacts of Chaohu Lakeside's regulation projects for flood control during the construction period.The comprehensive index method was used for comparative verification. Results showed that: 1) The approaching degrees of different evaluation units were different,the corresponding eco-environmental quality grades of Feixi County,Baohe District,Feidong County,Chaohu City and Lujiang County were good,good,general,general and poor. 2) Harnessing the waste discharged actively and increasing the input of environmental protection funds could achieve good results for Feixi County where the pressure layer had a higher approaching degree than that of state and response layer. The situation in Baohe District,Feidong County,Chaohu City,Lujiang County was just the opposite,so it would be useful to make reasonable arrangements for the construction site and time to reduce the emission of waste and improve the region's ecological environment quality.
Aiming at the problems existing in the ecological environment impact assessment,such as partial evaluation indexes selection and difficulties in determining the standard value, taking Chaohu Lakeside 's regulation projects for flood control as an example. Based on the theory of pressure—state—response model,an evaluation index system was established which took consideration of the characteristics and degree of ecological environment impacts. The weights were determined using the entropy method. In order to enhance the comparability of different evaluation units,selecting grey model to make quantitative evaluation of the ecological environment impacts of Chaohu Lakeside's regulation projects for flood control during the construction period.The comprehensive index method was used for comparative verification. Results showed that: 1) The approaching degrees of different evaluation units were different,the corresponding eco-environmental quality grades of Feixi County,Baohe District,Feidong County,Chaohu City and Lujiang County were good,good,general,general and poor. 2) Harnessing the waste discharged actively and increasing the input of environmental protection funds could achieve good results for Feixi County where the pressure layer had a higher approaching degree than that of state and response layer. The situation in Baohe District,Feidong County,Chaohu City,Lujiang County was just the opposite,so it would be useful to make reasonable arrangements for the construction site and time to reduce the emission of waste and improve the region's ecological environment quality.
引文
[1]吴易雯,李莹杰,张列宇,等.基于主客观赋权模糊综合评价法的湖泊水生态系统健康评价[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(05):1091-1102.WU Y W,LI Y J,ZHANG L Y,et al.Assessment of lakes ecosystem health based on objective and subjective weighting combined with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation[J].Journal of Lake Science,2017,29(05):1091-1102.
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[8]刘江,贾尔恒·阿哈提,程艳,等.基于多级灰关联法的博斯腾湖水生态健康评价[J].中国环境监测,2014,30(02):47-52.LIU J,JIA E H,CHENG Y,et al.Basing on the gray correlation method of ecological health on bosten lake[J].Environmental monitoring in China,2014,30(02):47-52.
[9]田炯,王振祥,王翠然.巢湖流域生态安全评价研究[J].生态科学,2011,30(06):650-658.TIAN J,WANG Z X,WANG C R.Study on ecological security evaluation of the chaohu lake basin[J].Ecological Science,2011,30(06):650-658.
[10]李玉凤,刘红玉,郝敬锋,等.湿地水环境健康评价方法及案例分析[J].环境科学,2012,33(02):346-351.LI Y F,LIU H Y,HAO J F,et al.A quantitative method and case analysis for assessing water health[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(02):346-351.
[11]税宁,姚凯文.灰靶理论在移民后期扶持效果评价中的应用[J].华北电力大学学报(社会科学版),2015(02):32-34.SHUI N,YAO K W.The application of gray target theory on the evaluation of the later supporting effect of the resettlements[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University,2015(02):32-34.
[12]李建龙,师学义.基于熵权灰靶生态系统服务价值模型的土地利用规划环境影响评价---以晋城市为例[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(02):717-725.LI J L,SHI X Y.Environmental impact assessment of land use planning based on the ecosystem services value model of entropy gray target:a case study of jincheng city[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(02):717-725.
[13]侯玉乐,李钢,渠俊峰,等.基于改进灰靶模型的土地生态安全评价---以江苏省徐州市为例[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(01):285-290.HOU Y L,LI G,QU J F,et al.Evaluation of land eco-security based on improved grey target model-a case of xuzhou city,jiangsu province[J].Research of soil and water conservation,2017,24(01):285-290.
[14]高臣,马成志.基于灰靶决策模型的工业低碳发展评价研究[J].重庆理工大学学报(自然科学),2016,30(09):60-65.GAO C,MA C Z.Evaluation of development of low-carbon industrial grey target decision model[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Technology,2016,30(09):60-65.
[15]张向东,张成,吴野.基于组合权重的尾矿库重金属污染性灰靶评价[J].金属矿山,2014(03):147-151.ZHANG X D,ZHANG C,WU Y.Grey target evaluation for heavy metal pollution of tailings reservoir on combinational weight[J].Metal Mine,2014(03):147-151.
[16]邱微,赵庆良,李崧,等.基于“压力-状态-响应”模型的黑龙江省生态安全评价研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(04):1148-1152.QIU W,ZHAO Q L,LI S,et al.Ecological security evaluation of heilongjiang province with pressure-state-response model[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(04):1148-1152.
[17]李红,周波.基于改进后灰靶模型的四川省水资源紧缺度评价[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2012,44(01):43-49.LI H,ZHOU B.Shortage degree assessment of water resources in sichuan province based on improved grey target model[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2012,44(01):43-49.
[18]孙鸿鹄,程先富,倪玲,等.基于云模型和熵权法的巢湖流域防洪减灾能力评估[J].灾害学,2015(01):222-227.SUN H H,CHENG X F,NI L,et al.Capacity evaluation of flood disaster prevention and reduction in chaohu basin based on cloud model and entropy weight method[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2015(01):222-227.
[19]王诗晨.巢湖流域洪涝灾害脆弱性评价研究[D].芜湖:安徽师范大学,2015.WANG S C.Study on vulnerability assessment of flood disaster in chaohu basin[D].Wuhu:Anhui Normal University,2015.
[20]张方方.巢湖流域生态系统健康评价[D].安徽师范大学,2014.ZHANG F F.Study on ecosystem health assessment of chaohu lake basin[D].Wuhu:Anhui Normal University,2014.
[21]毛旭锋,崔丽娟,张曼胤.基于PSR模型的乌梁素海生态系统健康分区评价[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(06):950-958.MAO X F,CUI L J,ZHANG M Y.A PSR model-based regional health assessment of the lake wuliangsuhai[J].Journal of Lake Science,2013,25(06):950-958.
[22]淮河水资源保护科学研究所,巢湖环湖防洪治理工程环境影响评价报告表[DB/OL],http://doc88.com/,2015.
[23]淮河水资源保护科学研究所,巢湖环湖防洪治理工程生态环境影响专题报告[DB/OL],http://doc88.com/,2015.
[2]黄木易,何翔.近20年来巢湖流域景观生态风险评估与时空演化机制[J].湖泊科学,2016,24(08):785-793.HUANG M Y,HE X.Landscape ecological risk assessment and its mechanism in chaohu basin during the past almost 20 years[J].Journal of Lake Science,2016,24(08):785-793.
[3]赵微,林健,王树芳,等.变异系数法评价人类活动对地下水环境的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(04):1277-1283.ZHAO W,LIN J,WANG S F,et al.Influences of human activities on groundwater environment based on coefficient variation method[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(04):1277-1283.
[4]张燕,高翔,张洪.巢湖水质与流域农业投入的关联性研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(09):3009-3013.ZHANG Y,GAO X,ZHANG H.Association study between water quality of chaohu Lake and resources input in agriculture of basin[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(09):3009-3013.
[5]郑刚,刘庄,张永春,等.基于模糊综合评价的流域社会经济活动对太湖生态影响评价研究[J].环境工程学报,2008,02(12):1705-1710.ZHENG G,LIU Z,ZHANG Y C,et al.Research on the ecological impact assessment of taihu lake affected by basin’s society and economy based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2008,02(12):1705-1710.
[6]高永年,高俊峰.南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游流域生态环境影响的综合评价[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(01):59-64.GAO Y N,GAO J F.Comprehensive assessment of ecoenvironmental impact of the south-to-north water transfer middle route project on the middle-lower hanjiang river basin[J].Progress in geography,2010,29(01):59-64.
[7]王若凡,南忠仁.基于景观生态学的黑河流域生态风险评价[J].安全与环境学报,2013,13(06):133-137.WANG R F,NAN Z R.Applied research on the risk assessment of the heihe river basin based on the theory of land-scape ecology[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2013,13(06):133-137.
[8]刘江,贾尔恒·阿哈提,程艳,等.基于多级灰关联法的博斯腾湖水生态健康评价[J].中国环境监测,2014,30(02):47-52.LIU J,JIA E H,CHENG Y,et al.Basing on the gray correlation method of ecological health on bosten lake[J].Environmental monitoring in China,2014,30(02):47-52.
[9]田炯,王振祥,王翠然.巢湖流域生态安全评价研究[J].生态科学,2011,30(06):650-658.TIAN J,WANG Z X,WANG C R.Study on ecological security evaluation of the chaohu lake basin[J].Ecological Science,2011,30(06):650-658.
[10]李玉凤,刘红玉,郝敬锋,等.湿地水环境健康评价方法及案例分析[J].环境科学,2012,33(02):346-351.LI Y F,LIU H Y,HAO J F,et al.A quantitative method and case analysis for assessing water health[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(02):346-351.
[11]税宁,姚凯文.灰靶理论在移民后期扶持效果评价中的应用[J].华北电力大学学报(社会科学版),2015(02):32-34.SHUI N,YAO K W.The application of gray target theory on the evaluation of the later supporting effect of the resettlements[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University,2015(02):32-34.
[12]李建龙,师学义.基于熵权灰靶生态系统服务价值模型的土地利用规划环境影响评价---以晋城市为例[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(02):717-725.LI J L,SHI X Y.Environmental impact assessment of land use planning based on the ecosystem services value model of entropy gray target:a case study of jincheng city[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(02):717-725.
[13]侯玉乐,李钢,渠俊峰,等.基于改进灰靶模型的土地生态安全评价---以江苏省徐州市为例[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(01):285-290.HOU Y L,LI G,QU J F,et al.Evaluation of land eco-security based on improved grey target model-a case of xuzhou city,jiangsu province[J].Research of soil and water conservation,2017,24(01):285-290.
[14]高臣,马成志.基于灰靶决策模型的工业低碳发展评价研究[J].重庆理工大学学报(自然科学),2016,30(09):60-65.GAO C,MA C Z.Evaluation of development of low-carbon industrial grey target decision model[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Technology,2016,30(09):60-65.
[15]张向东,张成,吴野.基于组合权重的尾矿库重金属污染性灰靶评价[J].金属矿山,2014(03):147-151.ZHANG X D,ZHANG C,WU Y.Grey target evaluation for heavy metal pollution of tailings reservoir on combinational weight[J].Metal Mine,2014(03):147-151.
[16]邱微,赵庆良,李崧,等.基于“压力-状态-响应”模型的黑龙江省生态安全评价研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(04):1148-1152.QIU W,ZHAO Q L,LI S,et al.Ecological security evaluation of heilongjiang province with pressure-state-response model[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(04):1148-1152.
[17]李红,周波.基于改进后灰靶模型的四川省水资源紧缺度评价[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2012,44(01):43-49.LI H,ZHOU B.Shortage degree assessment of water resources in sichuan province based on improved grey target model[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2012,44(01):43-49.
[18]孙鸿鹄,程先富,倪玲,等.基于云模型和熵权法的巢湖流域防洪减灾能力评估[J].灾害学,2015(01):222-227.SUN H H,CHENG X F,NI L,et al.Capacity evaluation of flood disaster prevention and reduction in chaohu basin based on cloud model and entropy weight method[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2015(01):222-227.
[19]王诗晨.巢湖流域洪涝灾害脆弱性评价研究[D].芜湖:安徽师范大学,2015.WANG S C.Study on vulnerability assessment of flood disaster in chaohu basin[D].Wuhu:Anhui Normal University,2015.
[20]张方方.巢湖流域生态系统健康评价[D].安徽师范大学,2014.ZHANG F F.Study on ecosystem health assessment of chaohu lake basin[D].Wuhu:Anhui Normal University,2014.
[21]毛旭锋,崔丽娟,张曼胤.基于PSR模型的乌梁素海生态系统健康分区评价[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(06):950-958.MAO X F,CUI L J,ZHANG M Y.A PSR model-based regional health assessment of the lake wuliangsuhai[J].Journal of Lake Science,2013,25(06):950-958.
[22]淮河水资源保护科学研究所,巢湖环湖防洪治理工程环境影响评价报告表[DB/OL],http://doc88.com/,2015.
[23]淮河水资源保护科学研究所,巢湖环湖防洪治理工程生态环境影响专题报告[DB/OL],http://doc88.com/,2015.