重金属镉、汞、铜和铅在荸荠体内的累积特性研究
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摘要
【目的】探索土壤环境中不同污染浓度的重金属镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、铜(Cu)和铅(Pb)对荸荠生长的影响及空间分布规律,为荸荠的安全种植及合理布局提供理论支持。【方法】以广西主要荸荠品种桂蹄2号为研究对象,分别进行不同污染浓度的镉、汞、铜和铅的盆栽试验,设0、0.25、1、1.75、2.5 T(T为每个重金属土壤环境限量值)5个添加量浓度,土壤中重金属浓度为添加量浓度+试验土壤本底浓度。在荸荠成熟后,分析荸荠果肉、皮和茎叶中各元素分布及富集积累规律。【结果】荸荠在不同浓度的各重金属处理下均能正常生长,吸收重金属元素特征分别为:铜、铅和镉在不同部位含量分布为:茎叶>皮>果肉;汞分布为:皮>果>茎叶。荸荠中不同部位重金属的含量随着土壤中重金属含量的增加而增加。在0.25 T汞处理下和2.5 T铅处理下,荸荠果肉中汞和铅的含量分别超过《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》(GB2762-2017)中新鲜蔬菜水果的限量值。【结论】低浓度重金属的处理会促进荸荠产量的提高,荸荠各部位对重金属吸收累积具有显著的分布规律:镉、铅和铜元素地上茎叶植株吸收多,块茎吸收少,汞则相反;荸荠对铅和镉耐受性强,在土壤达到环境限量值时,荸荠果肉中铅和镉含量符合标准要求;汞容易被荸荠吸收,在有汞污染风险的区域建议不要种植。
【Objective】To provide the theory reference for safe planting and layout of water chestnut,the influence of different contents of heavy metal Cu,Pb,Cd and Hg on the growth of water chestnut and its spatial distribution law in soil environment were explored.【Method】Based on the main growing varieties of water chestnut in Guangxi province,the pot experiment of different pollution levels of heavy metal including Cu,Pb,Cd and Hg were carried out. Five levels 0,0. 25,1,1. 75 and 2. 5 T(T stands for the limit of Cu,Pb,Cd and Hg in soil environmental) were set respectively. So the concentration of heavy metals in the soil is equal to the sum of adding concentration and background concentration. The distribution and accumulation of four heavy metal elements in flesh,peel and stem leaves were analyzed after water chestnuts matured. 【Results】The water chestnuts grew normally under heavy metal contamination,the absorption characteristics of Cu,Cd and Pb were stem leaf > peel > pulp. The distribution of Hg in water chestnut was peel > pulp > stem leaf. The concentration of elements of Cu,Pb,and Hg in all parts of the water chestnut increased with the concentration of heavy metal elements in the soil. Under the treatments of 2. 5 T of Pb and 0. 25 T of Hg,the edible part of water chestnut exceeded the limit value of fresh fruits and vegetables according to the GB2762-2017.【Conclusion】The low concentration of heavy metal will promote the increase of the production of water chestnut. There were significant laws for distribution of heavy metal in various parts of water chestnut,the contents of Cu,Pb,and Cd of the stem and leaf were higher than the tuber in the water chestnut,but the content of Hg was the opposite. Water chestnut had a strong tolerance to Pb and Cd. In the condition of the environmental limit of Pb and Cd in the soil,the contents of Pb and Cd in the pulp met the standard requirements. Hg was easily absorbed by the water chestnut and it is advised not to be planted in areas where there is a risk of Hg pollution.
【Objective】To provide the theory reference for safe planting and layout of water chestnut,the influence of different contents of heavy metal Cu,Pb,Cd and Hg on the growth of water chestnut and its spatial distribution law in soil environment were explored.【Method】Based on the main growing varieties of water chestnut in Guangxi province,the pot experiment of different pollution levels of heavy metal including Cu,Pb,Cd and Hg were carried out. Five levels 0,0. 25,1,1. 75 and 2. 5 T(T stands for the limit of Cu,Pb,Cd and Hg in soil environmental) were set respectively. So the concentration of heavy metals in the soil is equal to the sum of adding concentration and background concentration. The distribution and accumulation of four heavy metal elements in flesh,peel and stem leaves were analyzed after water chestnuts matured. 【Results】The water chestnuts grew normally under heavy metal contamination,the absorption characteristics of Cu,Cd and Pb were stem leaf > peel > pulp. The distribution of Hg in water chestnut was peel > pulp > stem leaf. The concentration of elements of Cu,Pb,and Hg in all parts of the water chestnut increased with the concentration of heavy metal elements in the soil. Under the treatments of 2. 5 T of Pb and 0. 25 T of Hg,the edible part of water chestnut exceeded the limit value of fresh fruits and vegetables according to the GB2762-2017.【Conclusion】The low concentration of heavy metal will promote the increase of the production of water chestnut. There were significant laws for distribution of heavy metal in various parts of water chestnut,the contents of Cu,Pb,and Cd of the stem and leaf were higher than the tuber in the water chestnut,but the content of Hg was the opposite. Water chestnut had a strong tolerance to Pb and Cd. In the condition of the environmental limit of Pb and Cd in the soil,the contents of Pb and Cd in the pulp met the standard requirements. Hg was easily absorbed by the water chestnut and it is advised not to be planted in areas where there is a risk of Hg pollution.
引文
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[13]凌乃规.广西不同类型农田土壤重金属含量状况分析[J].农业环境与发展,2010,27(4):91-94.
[14]宋波,田美玲,陈同斌,等.基于文献数据的广西典型土壤铅含量特征及其风险研究[J].土壤学报,2017(1):92-107.
[15]王婷,张倩,杨海雪,等.农田土壤中铜的来源分析及控制阈值研究[J].生态毒理学报,2014,9(4):774-784.
[16]黄玉溢,刘斌,陈桂芬,等.广西柑桔园土壤,植株叶片及根的铜含量研究[J].西南农业学报,2007,20(5):1060-1063.
[17]李正,陈翊,张丽,等.微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定茨菰和荸荠中钾等17种元素[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2015,25(2):190-192.
[18]沈育伊,张德楠,王新桂,等.会仙喀斯特湿地野生荸荠微量元素及营养成分分析[J].微量元素与健康研究,2018,35(1):42-45.
[19]陈丽娟,蔡炳华,江文,等.荸荠新品种桂蹄2号的选育[J].中国蔬菜,2011(14):96-98.
[20]徐明飞.浙江省茭白质量安全风险评估与生产技术规程制定[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2014:20-23.
[2]康超,谢微,伍淑婕.广西马蹄产业调研报告[J].贺州学院学报,2017,33(4):146-150.
[3]环境保护部,国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[EB/OL].2014-4-17.
[4]孙光闻,朱祝军,方学智,等.我国蔬菜重金属污染现状及治理措施[J].北方园艺,2006(2):66-67.
[5]Arriagada C,Sampedro I,Garcia-Romera I,et al.Improvement of growth of Eucalyptus globulus and soil biological parameters by amendment with sewage sludge and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal and saprobe fungi[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(17):4799-4806.
[6]郭晓方,卫泽斌,丘锦荣,等.玉米对重金属累积与转运的品种间差异[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(4):367-371.
[7]Zeng F,Ali S,Zhang H,et al.The influence of p H and organic matter content in paddy soil on heavy metal availability and their uptake by rice plants[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(1):84-91.
[8]Bao T,Sun T,Sun L.Low molecular weight organic acids in root exudates and cadmium accumulation in cadmium hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L.and nonhyperaccumulator Solanum lycopersicum L[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,10(75):17180-17185.
[9]秦文淑,邹晓锦,仇荣亮.广州市蔬菜重金属污染现状及对人体健康风险分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(4):1638-1642.
[10]楼蔓藤,秦俊法,李增禧,等.中国铅污染的调查研究[J].广东微量元素科学,2013,19(10):15-34.
[11]陈桂芬,雷静,黄雁飞,等.广西稻田镉污染状况及硅对稻米镉的消减作用[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(5):772-776.
[12]黄玉溢,陈桂芬,熊柳梅,等.桂西地区稻田土壤重金属污染现状调查及评价[J].南方农业学报,2014,45(2):240-243.
[13]凌乃规.广西不同类型农田土壤重金属含量状况分析[J].农业环境与发展,2010,27(4):91-94.
[14]宋波,田美玲,陈同斌,等.基于文献数据的广西典型土壤铅含量特征及其风险研究[J].土壤学报,2017(1):92-107.
[15]王婷,张倩,杨海雪,等.农田土壤中铜的来源分析及控制阈值研究[J].生态毒理学报,2014,9(4):774-784.
[16]黄玉溢,刘斌,陈桂芬,等.广西柑桔园土壤,植株叶片及根的铜含量研究[J].西南农业学报,2007,20(5):1060-1063.
[17]李正,陈翊,张丽,等.微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定茨菰和荸荠中钾等17种元素[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2015,25(2):190-192.
[18]沈育伊,张德楠,王新桂,等.会仙喀斯特湿地野生荸荠微量元素及营养成分分析[J].微量元素与健康研究,2018,35(1):42-45.
[19]陈丽娟,蔡炳华,江文,等.荸荠新品种桂蹄2号的选育[J].中国蔬菜,2011(14):96-98.
[20]徐明飞.浙江省茭白质量安全风险评估与生产技术规程制定[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2014:20-23.