棉杆炭对镉污染土壤小白菜生长及镉迁移的影响
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摘要
为探索生物质炭对污染土壤-作物体系中镉迁移的钝化效果,本研究以小白菜为对象,采用盆栽试验,在土壤Cd2+水平为0、1、6、12mg/kg和棉杆炭添加量分别为0、10、20、50g/kg处理下,测定土壤pH值、小白菜株高、生物量及小白菜地上部分和地下部分中镉的含量,探究施加棉杆炭对土壤-小白菜体系中镉迁移的影响。结果表明,棉杆炭添加可短期内极显著提高土壤的pH值(P <0.01)。在不同镉污染土壤中,添加棉杆炭可以显著增加小白菜的生物量(P <0.05),尤其是10g/kg棉杆炭添加处理,极显著增加了小白菜的生物量(P <0.01)。添加棉杆炭能够有效提高小白菜的成活率,对株高影响不显著(P>0.05)。在1mg/kg土壤镉污染中,转运系数大于1,随棉杆炭量的增加,小白菜地上部分富集系数逐渐减少,地下部分的富集系数逐渐增加,说明镉从植物地下部分向地上部分转移量不断降低。在6mg/kg土壤镉污染浓度下,当棉杆炭添加量为10g/kg时,转运系数大于1,而当棉杆炭添加量大于10g/kg后,转运系数小于1,说明植物地下部分镉含量大于地上部分,棉杆炭的添加有效阻控了镉向植物地上部分的迁移。
Effects of cotton straw biochar added(0,10,20,50 g/kg)on the growth of pakchoi(Brassica chinensis L.)and cadmium translocation in the different cadmium(Cd)-contaminated soils(0,1,6,12 mg/kg)were studied by pot experiment to explore the effect of biochar on cadmium immobility in contaminated soil.Soil pH,the biomass of pakchoi and the content of Cd in the aboveground and underground parts of the pakchoi and the soil were determined.The results showed that the addition of biochar significantly increased soil pH in the short term.In different cadmium contaminated soils,adding biocar could significantly increase the biomass of pakchoi,especially in the 10 g/kg biocar addition treatment,which greatly increased the biomass of pakchoi(P <0.01).The addition of biochar could effectively improve the survival rate of pakchoi,but had no significant effect on plant height.Under cadmium content of 1 mg/kg in soil,the translocation factor(TF)was more than 1.With the increase of cotton straw biocar content,the bio-enrichment coefficient(BCF)of aboveground part of pakchoi decreased,and BCF of underground part of pakchoi increased.At 6 mg/kg cadmium content in soil,when biocar was added to 10 g/kg,TF was more than 1,and when biocar content was more than 10 g/kg,TF was less than 1.This indicated that the cadmium content in the underground part of the plant was greater than that in the upper part of the plant.The addition of biocar effectively controlled the migration of cadmium to the upper part of plant.
Effects of cotton straw biochar added(0,10,20,50 g/kg)on the growth of pakchoi(Brassica chinensis L.)and cadmium translocation in the different cadmium(Cd)-contaminated soils(0,1,6,12 mg/kg)were studied by pot experiment to explore the effect of biochar on cadmium immobility in contaminated soil.Soil pH,the biomass of pakchoi and the content of Cd in the aboveground and underground parts of the pakchoi and the soil were determined.The results showed that the addition of biochar significantly increased soil pH in the short term.In different cadmium contaminated soils,adding biocar could significantly increase the biomass of pakchoi,especially in the 10 g/kg biocar addition treatment,which greatly increased the biomass of pakchoi(P <0.01).The addition of biochar could effectively improve the survival rate of pakchoi,but had no significant effect on plant height.Under cadmium content of 1 mg/kg in soil,the translocation factor(TF)was more than 1.With the increase of cotton straw biocar content,the bio-enrichment coefficient(BCF)of aboveground part of pakchoi decreased,and BCF of underground part of pakchoi increased.At 6 mg/kg cadmium content in soil,when biocar was added to 10 g/kg,TF was more than 1,and when biocar content was more than 10 g/kg,TF was less than 1.This indicated that the cadmium content in the underground part of the plant was greater than that in the upper part of the plant.The addition of biocar effectively controlled the migration of cadmium to the upper part of plant.
引文
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[22]张守文,呼世斌,肖璇,等.油菜对Cd污染土壤的植物修复[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(4):197-201.
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[24]张文锋,周际海,袁颖红,等.低剂量生物质炭对旱地红壤增肥增产效果[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(3):647-654.
[25]林庆毅,应介官,张梦阳,等.生物炭对红壤中不同铝形态及小白菜生长的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2017,48(4):445-450.
[26]董双快,朱新萍,梁胜君,等.添加生物炭对苏丹草修复Cd、Pb污染土壤的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2016,39(3):233-238.
[27]朱雅兰.小白菜对镉污染土壤的植物修复[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(2):68-72.
[2]刘晓雨,卞荣军,陆海飞,等.生物质炭与土壤可持续管理:从土壤问题到生物质产业[J].中国科学院院刊,2018,33(2):184-190.
[3]王玉军,刘存,周东美,等.客观地看待我国耕地土壤环境质量的现状——关于《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》中的有关问题的讨论和建议[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(8):1465-1473.
[4]熊建新,钱翌,石晓翠,等.乌鲁木齐市无公害蔬菜生产基地环境质量评价[J].新疆农业大学学报,2004,27(4):56-59.
[5]王冬柏,朱健,王平,等.环境材料原位固定修复土壤重金属污染研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(8):181-185.
[6]陈志良,袁志辉,黄玲,等.生物炭来源、性质及其在重金属污染土壤修复中的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(11):1879-1884.
[7]郑庆福,王永和,孙月光,等.不同物料和炭化方式制备生物炭结构性质的FTIR研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2014,34(4):962-966.
[8]林珈羽,张越,刘沅,等.不同原料和炭化温度下制备的生物炭结构及性质[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(6):3200-3206.
[9]左静,陈德,郭虎,等.小麦秸秆生物质炭对旱地土壤铅镉有效性及小麦、玉米吸收的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(6):1133-1140.
[10]张燕,铁柏清,刘孝利,等.玉米秸秆生物炭对稻田土壤砷、镉形态的影响[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(2):715-721.
[11]赫天一.生物炭对土壤镉赋存形态和水稻镉积累的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.
[12] Bian R,Joseph S,Cui L,et al.A three-year experiment confirms continuous immobilization of cadmium and lead in contaminated paddy field with biochar amendment[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,272(4):121-128.
[13] Chen D,Guo H,Li R Y,et al.Low uptake affinity cultivars with biochar to tackle Cd-tainted rice:A field study over four rice seasons in Hunan,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,541(15):1489-1498.
[14]顾美英,刘洪亮,李志强,等.新疆连作棉田施用生物炭对土壤养分及微生物群落多样性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(20):4128-4138.
[15]侯艳艳,朱新萍,徐万里,等.施用生物炭对灰漠土养分及棉花生长的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2018,55(1):24-32.
[16]顾美英,葛春辉,马海刚,等.生物炭对新疆沙土微生物区系及土壤酶活性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(4):225-230.
[17]国家环境保护局,国家技术监督局.土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.
[18]唐光木,姚红宇,蒲胜海,等.棉秆炭对灰漠土性质的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(9):1680-1686.
[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[20]张丽,彭重华,王莹雪,等.14种植物对土壤重金属的分布、富集及转运特性[J].草业科学,2014,31(5):833-838
[21]邢英,张永航,韦万丽,等.生物炭钝化修复镉、铅、铜和砷污染土壤的研究进展[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(7):193-197.
[22]张守文,呼世斌,肖璇,等.油菜对Cd污染土壤的植物修复[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(4):197-201.
[23] Smebye A,Alling V,Vogt R D,et al.Biochar amendment to soil changes dissolved organic matter content and composition[J].Chemosphere,2016,142:100-105.
[24]张文锋,周际海,袁颖红,等.低剂量生物质炭对旱地红壤增肥增产效果[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(3):647-654.
[25]林庆毅,应介官,张梦阳,等.生物炭对红壤中不同铝形态及小白菜生长的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2017,48(4):445-450.
[26]董双快,朱新萍,梁胜君,等.添加生物炭对苏丹草修复Cd、Pb污染土壤的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2016,39(3):233-238.
[27]朱雅兰.小白菜对镉污染土壤的植物修复[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(2):68-72.