三峡工程运行前后长江中游河段水质变化模拟
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摘要
三峡工程运行后在枯水期增加了下泄流量,提高了长江中下游河段枯水期沿程水位与平均流量,改变了中下游河段污染物排放的水动力扩散特性,进而对河道的水质产生了一定的影响。以三峡工程运行前后武汉河段汉口站水位和流量变化为例,分析其在枯水期、汛期和蓄水期3个典型时段的水文情势变化特征,采用数值模拟方法研究河道排污口附近主要污染物指标(COD和NH3-N)的扩散特性和响应变化规律,并进一步总结分析水位和流量变化对长江中下游沿江城市排污口附近水质特征变化的影响。结果表明:三峡工程运行后,由于流量年内分布趋于均匀化,各个不同时期的污染物扩散范围总体呈现减小趋势。
The increased discharge flow after operation of Three Gorges Project increases the water level and average flow during dry season,changes the hydrodynamic diffusion characteristics of pollutant discharge and influences the water quality conditions to some extent in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This paper takes the change of water level and flow rate in Wuhan section as an example to analyze the hydrological conditions in dry season,flood season and water storage period before and after Three Gorges Project's operation and simulates the diffusion characteristics and variation of COD and NH3-N near the sewage outlets. We further analyzes the effects of change of water level and flow rate on the water quality characteristics near the sewage outlets along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The results showed that after operation of Three Gorges Project,due to the inter-annual flow process flattening,the range of pollution diffusion in different periods showed a decreasing trend as a whole.
The increased discharge flow after operation of Three Gorges Project increases the water level and average flow during dry season,changes the hydrodynamic diffusion characteristics of pollutant discharge and influences the water quality conditions to some extent in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This paper takes the change of water level and flow rate in Wuhan section as an example to analyze the hydrological conditions in dry season,flood season and water storage period before and after Three Gorges Project's operation and simulates the diffusion characteristics and variation of COD and NH3-N near the sewage outlets. We further analyzes the effects of change of water level and flow rate on the water quality characteristics near the sewage outlets along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The results showed that after operation of Three Gorges Project,due to the inter-annual flow process flattening,the range of pollution diffusion in different periods showed a decreasing trend as a whole.
引文
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[2]邹冰玉,李玉荣,冯宝飞.三峡水库运用对长江中下游干流水位影响分析——以2010年7月洪水为例[J].人民长江,2011,42(6):80-82,100.
[3]韩剑桥,孙昭华,杨云平.三峡水库运行后长江中游洪、枯水位变化特征[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(5):1217-1226.
[4]陈永灿,申满斌,刘昭伟.三峡库区城市排污口附近污染混合区的特性[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2004(9):1223-1226.
[5]吕怡兵,宫正宇,连军,等.长江三峡库区蓄水后水质状况分析[J].环境科学研究,2007(1):1-6.
[6]洪林,董磊华,李文哲.三峡工程建库后对洞庭湖水位、泥沙和水质的影响分析[J].中国水利,2007(6):13-14.
[7]张细兵,卢金友,王敏,等.三峡工程运用后洞庭湖水沙情势变化及其影响初步分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(6):640-643.
[8]李振亮.三峡库区水质预测研究综述[J].重庆教育学院学报,2012,25(3):36-39.
[9]戴君,刘硕,韩金凤,等.污染负荷多情景变化下河流水质响应关系研究[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(2):776-783.
[10]张永勇,花瑞祥.基于水动力-水质模型的湖库纳污能力量化[J].华北水利水电大学学报:自然科学版,2016,37(5):33-39.
[11]康利荥,纪文娟,徐景阳.基于MIKE11与EFDC模型的突发性水污染事故预测模拟研究[J].环境保护学,2013,39(2):29-33.
[12]严以新,张素香,李熙.长江口南港化学需氧量动力学模型的应用[J].水道港口,2007(4):278-281.
[13]李林子,钱瑜,张玉超.基于EFDC和WASP模型的突发水污染事故影响的预测预警[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(8):1010-1016.
[14]孙可明,李凯,韩亮,等.城市多排污口对河流水质影响的模拟研究[J].环境工程,2010,28(5):17-19.
[15]黄维,方俊华.河流中污染物迁移转化模型研究进展[J].南水北调与水利科技,2012,10(6):142-146,158.