河流中污染物迁移转化模型研究进展
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摘要
从数学特性角度分类,河流污染物的迁移转化模型可分为确定与非确定性模型,并正经历着由确定性模型向非确定性模型发展的转变。从确定与非确定性两个方面对国内外河流水质模型进行了总结和分析,并着重介绍了WASP、QUAL、RMA4等确定性模型和随机模型、灰箱模型、神经网络算法等非确定性模型的原理及其在国内的应用。针对河流中某个特定污染体系(如底泥、潜流带)或某类污染物(如重金属、石油类、营养物质等)的迁移转化模型也有大量研究成果。河流污染物迁移转化模型的未来发展趋势将是模糊数学和不确定性分析技术的应用,与人工神经网络和GIS的结合,状态变量和组分数量的增加,以及三维数学模型的发展。
The river pollutants transport and transformation models,which can be classified as deterministic and non-deterministic from the perspective of mathematical characteristics,are undergoing a transition from deterministic to non-deterministic.Water quality models research at home and abroad were summarized and analyzed from the two types.The principles and applications in China of such models as WASP,QUAL,RMA4 for deterministic and stochastic model,grey system theory,neural network algorithm for non-deterministic were emphatically reviewed.There are also a large amount of research achievements for transport and transformation model of some specific pollution system(such as bed sediment,phreatic zone) and some kind of pollutants(such as heavy metal,petroleum,nutrients,et al.) in river.The future development trends will include application of fuzzy mathematics and uncertainty analysis technology,integration of artificial neural network and GIS,increased state variables and component quantity,and development of three dimensional mathematical model.
The river pollutants transport and transformation models,which can be classified as deterministic and non-deterministic from the perspective of mathematical characteristics,are undergoing a transition from deterministic to non-deterministic.Water quality models research at home and abroad were summarized and analyzed from the two types.The principles and applications in China of such models as WASP,QUAL,RMA4 for deterministic and stochastic model,grey system theory,neural network algorithm for non-deterministic were emphatically reviewed.There are also a large amount of research achievements for transport and transformation model of some specific pollution system(such as bed sediment,phreatic zone) and some kind of pollutants(such as heavy metal,petroleum,nutrients,et al.) in river.The future development trends will include application of fuzzy mathematics and uncertainty analysis technology,integration of artificial neural network and GIS,increased state variables and component quantity,and development of three dimensional mathematical model.
引文
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[8]陈月,席北斗,何连生,等.QUAL2K模型在西苕溪干流梅溪段水质模拟中的应用[J].环境工程学报,2008,2(7):1000-1003.(CHEN Yue,XI Bei-dou,HE Lian-sheng,et al.Application ofQUAL2K Model for Prediction of Water Quality in West Sha-oxi[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2008,2(7):1000-1003.(in Chinese))
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[11]田一梅,刘扬,王彬蔚.不确定水质模型在城市河流水质模拟中的应用[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2011,33(3):119-122.(TIAN Yi-mei,LIU Yang,WANG Bin-wei.Application ofUncertain Model in Urban River Quality Simulation[J].Jour-nal of Civil,Architectural&Environmental Engineering,2011,33(3):119-122.(in Chinese))
[12]翟俊,何强,肖海文,等.基于GIS的模糊综合水质评价模型[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(8):49-53.(ZHAIJun,HE Qiang,XIAO Hai-wen,et al.Journal of ChongqingUniversity(Natural Science Edition),2007,30(8):49-53.(inChinese)
[13]郭琳,蔡固平,曾光明.二维随机水质模型在模拟污染带中的应用[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,35(4):573-376.(GUO Lin,CAI Gu-ping,ZENG Guang-ming.Application ofTwo-dimensional Stochastic Model of Water Quality in Simu-lating Pollution Zone[J].J.Cent.South Univ.(Science andTechnology),2004,35(4):573-376.(in Chinese))
[14]张坤,李彬,王道增.动态水流条件下河流底泥污染物(COD_(Cr))释放研究[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(5):985-989.(ZHANG Kun,LI Bin,WANG Dao-zeng.Contaminant(COD-Cr)Release from River Bottom Sediments under Flow Condi-tions[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2010,30(5):985-989.(in Chinese))
[15]丁赟,钟德钰,张红武,等.冲积河流底泥中污染物的输移转化方程[J].泥沙研究,2007,(6):75-80.(DING Yun,ZHONGDe-yu,ZHANG Hong-wu,et al.Transport Equation of Pollu-tants in Bed Sediment of Alluvial Rivers[J].J.Sediment Re-search,2007,(6)75-80.(in Chinese))
[16]杨小全,金光球,李凌,等.河流潜流带中胶体迁移的研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,2010,30(6):78-83.(YANG Xiao-quang,JIN Guang-qiu,LI Ling,et al.Advances in Researcheson Colloid Transport in Hyporheic Zone[J].Advances in Sci-ence and Technology of Water Resources,2010,30(6):78-83.(in Chinese))
[17]黄岁樑.冲积河流重金属污染物迁移转化数值模拟控制方程及其物理意义[J].中国科学:技术科学,2010,40(5):548-557.(HUANG Sui-liang.Equations and Their Physical Inter-pretation in Numerical Modeling of Heavy Metals in FluvialRivers[J].Science China:Technology Science,2010,40(5):548-557.(in Chinese))
[18]Yan Lin,Thorjorn Larssen,et al.Modeling Transport and Trans-formation of Mercury Fractions in Heavily Contaminated Moun-tain Streams by Coupling a GIS-based Hydrological Model with aMercury Chemistry Model[J].Science of the Total Environment,2011,409(21):4596-4605.
[19]黄廷林,任磊.多沙河流中石油类污染物迁移的一维数学模型(17-解吸模型)[J].水利学报,2004,(10):115-128.(HUANGTing-lin,REN Lei.One-dimension Mathematical Model for OilPollution Transport in Silt-laden Stream(17):DesorptionModel[J].Joumal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,(10):115-128.(in Chinese))
[20]黄廷林,任磊.多沙河流中石油类污染物迁移的一维数学模型iv.吸附模型[J].水利学报,2004,(9):105-110.(HUANG Ting-lin,REN Lei.One-dimension Mathematical Model for Oil PollutionTransport in Silt-laden Stream(iv):Absorption Model[J].Joumalof Hydraulic Engineering,2004,(9):105-110.(in Chinese))
[21]E.-C.Ani,M.Hutchins,et al.Mathematical Model to IdentifyNitrogen Variability in Large Rivers[J].River Research andApplications,2011,27(10):1216-1236.
[2]赵小利,李文奇,周怀东.水环境数学模型与人工湿地模拟[J].南水北调与水利科技,2011,9(3):84-87,91.(ZHAO Xiao-li,LI Wen-qi,ZHOU Huai-dong.Research Advances in Water En-vironmental Mathematical Models and Constructed WetlandSimulation[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Sci-ence&Technology,2011,9(3):84-87,91.(in Chinese))
[3]曹永中,周孝德,吴秋平,等.河流水质模型研究概述[J].水利科技与经济,2008,(3):197-199.(CAO Yong-zhong,ZHOU Xiao-de,WU Qiu-ping,et al.Discussion on Research Methods for theWater Quality in River[J].Water Conservancy Science and Tech-nology and Economy,2008,(3):197-199.(in Chinese))
[4]朱长军,郝振纯,周继红,等.河流水质模拟的灰色有限差分解[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,(3):433-436.(ZHU Chang-jun,HAO Zhen-chun,ZHOU Ji-hong,et al.Gray Finite Difference Solution of River Water Quality Simula-tion[J].J.Xi′an Univ.of Arch.&Tech.(Natuarl Science Edi-tion),2006(3):433-436.(in Chinese))
[5]贾海峰,程声通,杜文涛.GIS与地表水水质模型WASP5的集成[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2001,41(8):125-128.(JIA Hai-feng,CHENG Sheng-tong,DU Wen-tao.Integrationof GIS with the Surface Water Quality Model WASP5[J].Jour-nal of Tsinghua University(Science and technology),2001,41(8):125-128.(in Chinese))
[6]唐大元.WASP水质模型国内外应用研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(34):21265-21267.(TANG Da-yuan.ResearchProgress of the Application of WASP Water Quality Model inDomestic and Abroad[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sci-ences,2011,39(34):21265-21267.(in Chinese))
[7]李云生,刘伟江,吴悦颖,等.美国水质模型研究进展综述[J].水利水电技术,2006,37(2):68-73.(LI Yun-sheng,LIU Wei-jiang,WU Yue-ying,et al.A Review of Progress in Research onWater Quality Models in America[J].Water Resources andHydropower Engineering,2006,37(2):68-73.(in Chinese))
[8]陈月,席北斗,何连生,等.QUAL2K模型在西苕溪干流梅溪段水质模拟中的应用[J].环境工程学报,2008,2(7):1000-1003.(CHEN Yue,XI Bei-dou,HE Lian-sheng,et al.Application ofQUAL2K Model for Prediction of Water Quality in West Sha-oxi[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2008,2(7):1000-1003.(in Chinese))
[9]马莉,桂和荣,曹彭强.河流污染二维水质模型研究及RMA4模型概述[J].安徽大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(1):102-108.(MA Li,GUI He-rong,CAO Peng-qiang.Study on Inte-gration of 2D Water Quality Models and Review of RMA4Model[J].J.Anhui Univ.(Natural Science Edidion),2011,35(1):102-108.(in Chinese))
[10]胡连伍,王学军,罗定贵,等.基于SWAT2000模型的流域氮营养素环境自净效率模拟——以杭埠-丰乐河流域为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2006,22(2):35-38.(HU Lian-wu,WANG Xue-jun,LUO Ding-gui,et al.Simulation of the Re-tention of Nitrogen Nutrients Based on SWAT 2000 Model:Take Hangbu-Fengle Basin for an Example[J].Geographyand Geo-Information Science,2006,22(2):35-38.(in Chi-nese))
[11]田一梅,刘扬,王彬蔚.不确定水质模型在城市河流水质模拟中的应用[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2011,33(3):119-122.(TIAN Yi-mei,LIU Yang,WANG Bin-wei.Application ofUncertain Model in Urban River Quality Simulation[J].Jour-nal of Civil,Architectural&Environmental Engineering,2011,33(3):119-122.(in Chinese))
[12]翟俊,何强,肖海文,等.基于GIS的模糊综合水质评价模型[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(8):49-53.(ZHAIJun,HE Qiang,XIAO Hai-wen,et al.Journal of ChongqingUniversity(Natural Science Edition),2007,30(8):49-53.(inChinese)
[13]郭琳,蔡固平,曾光明.二维随机水质模型在模拟污染带中的应用[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,35(4):573-376.(GUO Lin,CAI Gu-ping,ZENG Guang-ming.Application ofTwo-dimensional Stochastic Model of Water Quality in Simu-lating Pollution Zone[J].J.Cent.South Univ.(Science andTechnology),2004,35(4):573-376.(in Chinese))
[14]张坤,李彬,王道增.动态水流条件下河流底泥污染物(COD_(Cr))释放研究[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(5):985-989.(ZHANG Kun,LI Bin,WANG Dao-zeng.Contaminant(COD-Cr)Release from River Bottom Sediments under Flow Condi-tions[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2010,30(5):985-989.(in Chinese))
[15]丁赟,钟德钰,张红武,等.冲积河流底泥中污染物的输移转化方程[J].泥沙研究,2007,(6):75-80.(DING Yun,ZHONGDe-yu,ZHANG Hong-wu,et al.Transport Equation of Pollu-tants in Bed Sediment of Alluvial Rivers[J].J.Sediment Re-search,2007,(6)75-80.(in Chinese))
[16]杨小全,金光球,李凌,等.河流潜流带中胶体迁移的研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,2010,30(6):78-83.(YANG Xiao-quang,JIN Guang-qiu,LI Ling,et al.Advances in Researcheson Colloid Transport in Hyporheic Zone[J].Advances in Sci-ence and Technology of Water Resources,2010,30(6):78-83.(in Chinese))
[17]黄岁樑.冲积河流重金属污染物迁移转化数值模拟控制方程及其物理意义[J].中国科学:技术科学,2010,40(5):548-557.(HUANG Sui-liang.Equations and Their Physical Inter-pretation in Numerical Modeling of Heavy Metals in FluvialRivers[J].Science China:Technology Science,2010,40(5):548-557.(in Chinese))
[18]Yan Lin,Thorjorn Larssen,et al.Modeling Transport and Trans-formation of Mercury Fractions in Heavily Contaminated Moun-tain Streams by Coupling a GIS-based Hydrological Model with aMercury Chemistry Model[J].Science of the Total Environment,2011,409(21):4596-4605.
[19]黄廷林,任磊.多沙河流中石油类污染物迁移的一维数学模型(17-解吸模型)[J].水利学报,2004,(10):115-128.(HUANGTing-lin,REN Lei.One-dimension Mathematical Model for OilPollution Transport in Silt-laden Stream(17):DesorptionModel[J].Joumal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,(10):115-128.(in Chinese))
[20]黄廷林,任磊.多沙河流中石油类污染物迁移的一维数学模型iv.吸附模型[J].水利学报,2004,(9):105-110.(HUANG Ting-lin,REN Lei.One-dimension Mathematical Model for Oil PollutionTransport in Silt-laden Stream(iv):Absorption Model[J].Joumalof Hydraulic Engineering,2004,(9):105-110.(in Chinese))
[21]E.-C.Ani,M.Hutchins,et al.Mathematical Model to IdentifyNitrogen Variability in Large Rivers[J].River Research andApplications,2011,27(10):1216-1236.