基于地下电学特征变化监测场地污染的研究
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摘要
地球物理的方法是检测环境污染场地的主要手段之一,但该类方法存在检测灵活性差、时间间隔长、检测效果差等缺点。论文研发了一种新型的分布式电法系统来检测环境污染场地。从分布式电法系统原理入手,通过硬件设计及实现,同时结合现有成熟软件,对设备系统进行研发及试验。该新型分布式电法系统采取全通道、多极距的数据采集方法,通过三维数据采集、管理、反演及解释精确反映出污染场地污染范围。通过模型试验结果表明:新型分布式电法对污染导电模型电势反应灵敏,三维观测法可从不同角度、方位和距离观测污染渗漏带,保证无论污染渗透发生在何处,都能获得多个最佳观测值,且一次供电所有电极进行数据采集,可有效避免电源不一致性问题;野外试验结果表明:该新型分布式电法采集系统可快速、直观、准确地反映出试验浇灌电极点,反演结果能有效突出地质体电阻率变化情况,异常体位置明显。反演结果是复杂地表和地下三维构造体的综合反映对复杂地表条件适应性更强;观测数据能准确地反映地下介质三维空间电阻率分布,提取到的信息完整、真实准确,成像结果更有利于三维地质构造体的准确定位,利用三维数据体可任意切片提取重点区域的电阻率信息。通过多次检测可实现对环境污染变化情况进行动态监测,为环境岩土污染调查及检测提供了有效的参考依据。
Environmental geophysics is one of the main methods to detect environmental pollution sites, but this method has poor flexibility and long time interval. The paper developed a new distributed electric method system to detect the environmental pollution site. From the principle of the distributed electrical method system, through the hardware design and implementation, combined with the existing mature software, the equipment system and test were studied. The new distributed electric method system adopts the data acquisition method of full channel, multi-pole distance, through the three-dimensional data acquisition, management. The model test results show that the new distributed electric method is sensitive to the potential of the model and the three-dimensional observation method can be used from different angles. The pollution leakage zone is observed in azimuth and distance to ensure that multiple best observation values can be obtained no matter where the pollution seepage occurs, and the data collection can be carried out by a single power supply electrode, which can effectively avoid the problem of power source inconsistency. Field test results show that the new distributed electrical acquisition system can quickly, intuitively, accurately reflect the test pouring electrode points, the inversion results can effectively highlight the change of the geological body resistivity. The inversion results show that the complex surface and underground 3 D structures are more adaptable to complex surface conditions. The observed data can accurately reflect the three-dimensional spatial resistivity distribution of underground media, the extracted information is complete, true and accurate, and the imaging results are more conducive to the accurate location of three-dimensional geological structure. The resistivity information of the key area can be extracted by using the three-dimensional data volume in any section, and the dynamic monitoring of the environmental pollution can be realized by multiple tests. It provides an effective reference for investigation and detection of environmental geotechnical pollution.
Environmental geophysics is one of the main methods to detect environmental pollution sites, but this method has poor flexibility and long time interval. The paper developed a new distributed electric method system to detect the environmental pollution site. From the principle of the distributed electrical method system, through the hardware design and implementation, combined with the existing mature software, the equipment system and test were studied. The new distributed electric method system adopts the data acquisition method of full channel, multi-pole distance, through the three-dimensional data acquisition, management. The model test results show that the new distributed electric method is sensitive to the potential of the model and the three-dimensional observation method can be used from different angles. The pollution leakage zone is observed in azimuth and distance to ensure that multiple best observation values can be obtained no matter where the pollution seepage occurs, and the data collection can be carried out by a single power supply electrode, which can effectively avoid the problem of power source inconsistency. Field test results show that the new distributed electrical acquisition system can quickly, intuitively, accurately reflect the test pouring electrode points, the inversion results can effectively highlight the change of the geological body resistivity. The inversion results show that the complex surface and underground 3 D structures are more adaptable to complex surface conditions. The observed data can accurately reflect the three-dimensional spatial resistivity distribution of underground media, the extracted information is complete, true and accurate, and the imaging results are more conducive to the accurate location of three-dimensional geological structure. The resistivity information of the key area can be extracted by using the three-dimensional data volume in any section, and the dynamic monitoring of the environmental pollution can be realized by multiple tests. It provides an effective reference for investigation and detection of environmental geotechnical pollution.
引文
[1]肖波,郑文棠,丁金伟,等.基于地下电学特征变化监测城市垃圾场有害液体的渗漏[J].南方能源建设,2017,4(2):110-114.Xiao Bo,Zheng Wentang,Ding Jinwei,et al.Leakage pollution monitoring of municipal landfill based on the resistivity method[J].Southern Energy Construction,2017,4(2):110-114.
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[7]郭秀军,魏丽,贾永刚,等.垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染地下含水层及修复过程的三维动态监测实验[J].地球物理学进展,2006(2):637-642.Guo Xiujun,Wei Li,Jia Yonggang,et al.Experiment of monitoring underground aquifers contaminated by leachate of landfill and remediation with 3-D electrical method[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006(2):637-642.
[8]尚浩.利用三维电学系统进行地下液相污染扩散过程监测研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.Shang Hao.Study of Monitoring the Change of Liquid Pollution in Underground Pervasion Process with Three-dimensional Electrical Method[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2009.
[9]Alexandre L.利用电阻率和探地雷达(GPR)法进行污染场地地球物理勘查[J].赵玉军,译.水文地质工程地质技术方法动态,2009(3):27-38.Alexandre L.Using electrical resistivity and ground penetrating rader(GPR)method for geophysical exploration of contaminated sites[J].Translated by Zhao Yujun.Dynamics of Hydrogeology Engineering Geology,2009(3):27-38.
[10]肖波,马海毅,王占华.浅析物探技术在环境岩土检测、监测中的应用[J].勘察科学技术,2016,206(S1):72-75.Xiao Bo,Ma Haiyi,Wang Zhanhua.Application of geophysical prospecting technology in environmental soil and rock monitoring and detection[J].Site Investigation Science and Technology,2016,206(S1):72-75.
[11]王艳,何宝石.燃煤电厂项目地下水环境影响评价的几点认识[J].南方能源建设,2014,1(1):83-87.Wang Yan,He Baoshi.Insights on the assessment of groundwater environment impact for coal-fired power plant projects[J].Southern Energy Construction,2014,1(1):83-87.
[12]白兰.物探方法在污染场地中的应用研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2008.Bai Lan.Application of Geophysical Methods in Contaminated Sites[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2008.
[13]程业勋,杨进.环境地球物理学概论[M].北京:地质出版社,2005.Cheng Yexun,Yang Jin.Introduction to Environmental Geophysics[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2005.
[14]程业勋,刘海生,赵章元.城市垃圾污染的地球物理调查[J].工程地球物理学报,2004,1(1):26-30.Cheng Yexun,Liu Haisheng,Zhao Zhangyuan.Investigation of urban landfill contamination using geophysical methods[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2004,1(1):26-30.
[15]戴前伟,肖波,冯德山,等.基于二维高密度电阻率勘探数据的三维反演及应用[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,43(1):293-300.Dai Qianwei,Xiao Bo,Feng Deshan,et al.3-D inversion of high density resistivity method based on 2-D exploration data and its application[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology Edition,2012,43(1):293-300.
[2]岳宁,王刚,阚飞,等.低渗透性裂隙岩体水流三维入渗过程的高密度电阻率成像法研究[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2017,53(1):9-18.Yue Ning,Wang Gang,Kan Fei,et al.Study of low-permeable fractured rock mass in three-dimensional infiltration using high-density electrical resistivity tomography[J].Journal of Lanzhou University:Natural Science Edition,2017,53(1):9-18.
[3]刘国辉,徐晶,王猛,等.高密度电阻率法在垃圾填埋场渗漏检测中的应用[J].物探与化探,2011,35(5):680-683,691.Liu Guohui,Xu Jing,Wang Meng,et al.The application of high-density resistivity method to landfill leakage detection[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2011,35(5):680-683,691.
[4]王刚,刘汝学,黄少文,等.基于高密度电阻率成像法的低渗透裂隙岩体水流入渗特征原位试验研究[J].中国科技论文,2016,11(3):263-269.Wang Gang,Liu Ruxue,Huang Shaowen,et al.In-situ experimental study of water infiltration properties within lowpermeable fractured bedrock based on high-density electrical resisticity tomography[J].China Science Paper,2016,11(3):263-269.
[5]叶腾飞,龚育龄,能昌信,等.环境地球物理方法在污染场地调查中的应用[J].南华大学学报:自然科学版,2008,22(3):9-14.Ye Tengfei,Gong Yuling,Nai Changxin,et al.Application of environmental geophysical methods in the investigation ofcontaminatedsites[J].JournaloftheUniversityofSouth China:Science and Technology Edition,2008,22(3):9-14.
[6]叶腾飞,龚育龄,董路,等.环境地球物理在污染场地调查中的现状及展望[J].环境监测管理与技术,2009(3):23-27.Ye Tengfei,Gong Yuling,Dong Lu,et al.Environmental geophysics in the investigation of contaminated sites[J].Environmental Monitoring Management and Technology,2009(3):23-27.
[7]郭秀军,魏丽,贾永刚,等.垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染地下含水层及修复过程的三维动态监测实验[J].地球物理学进展,2006(2):637-642.Guo Xiujun,Wei Li,Jia Yonggang,et al.Experiment of monitoring underground aquifers contaminated by leachate of landfill and remediation with 3-D electrical method[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006(2):637-642.
[8]尚浩.利用三维电学系统进行地下液相污染扩散过程监测研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.Shang Hao.Study of Monitoring the Change of Liquid Pollution in Underground Pervasion Process with Three-dimensional Electrical Method[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2009.
[9]Alexandre L.利用电阻率和探地雷达(GPR)法进行污染场地地球物理勘查[J].赵玉军,译.水文地质工程地质技术方法动态,2009(3):27-38.Alexandre L.Using electrical resistivity and ground penetrating rader(GPR)method for geophysical exploration of contaminated sites[J].Translated by Zhao Yujun.Dynamics of Hydrogeology Engineering Geology,2009(3):27-38.
[10]肖波,马海毅,王占华.浅析物探技术在环境岩土检测、监测中的应用[J].勘察科学技术,2016,206(S1):72-75.Xiao Bo,Ma Haiyi,Wang Zhanhua.Application of geophysical prospecting technology in environmental soil and rock monitoring and detection[J].Site Investigation Science and Technology,2016,206(S1):72-75.
[11]王艳,何宝石.燃煤电厂项目地下水环境影响评价的几点认识[J].南方能源建设,2014,1(1):83-87.Wang Yan,He Baoshi.Insights on the assessment of groundwater environment impact for coal-fired power plant projects[J].Southern Energy Construction,2014,1(1):83-87.
[12]白兰.物探方法在污染场地中的应用研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2008.Bai Lan.Application of Geophysical Methods in Contaminated Sites[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2008.
[13]程业勋,杨进.环境地球物理学概论[M].北京:地质出版社,2005.Cheng Yexun,Yang Jin.Introduction to Environmental Geophysics[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2005.
[14]程业勋,刘海生,赵章元.城市垃圾污染的地球物理调查[J].工程地球物理学报,2004,1(1):26-30.Cheng Yexun,Liu Haisheng,Zhao Zhangyuan.Investigation of urban landfill contamination using geophysical methods[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2004,1(1):26-30.
[15]戴前伟,肖波,冯德山,等.基于二维高密度电阻率勘探数据的三维反演及应用[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,43(1):293-300.Dai Qianwei,Xiao Bo,Feng Deshan,et al.3-D inversion of high density resistivity method based on 2-D exploration data and its application[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology Edition,2012,43(1):293-300.