磷对泥/煤混燃灰熔融特性的影响及矿物相演变规律
|
摘要
采用灰熔点仪、X射线荧光仪(XRF)研究了无机非金属P2O5对城市污水污泥与烟煤的混烧灰熔融特性的影响,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)研究在各混烧温度下灰中含磷矿物在晶体和非晶体间的演变。结果表明,对于Al_2O_3含量较多且熔点较高的灰样,磷含量的增加可显著降低其灰熔点,P2O5含量在0-4%时影响最大,使其灰熔点降低126℃;但对碱性含量高的灰样的影响较小。低温灰中主要以磷酸铝(AlPO_4)晶体为主,温度升高后,与硬石膏(CaSO_4)等含钙矿物和赤铁矿(Fe_2O_3)反应生成晶体Ca_3(PO_4)_2和玻璃相(Fe_2O_3)_(0.252)(P_2O_5)_(0.748),磷含量增加可使灰中玻璃相(Fe_2O_3)_(0.252)(P_2O_5)_(0.748)增加,是磷降低灰熔点的主要原因。
The influence of inorganic phosphorus on ash fusion characteristics of sewage sludge and coal were investigated by ash fusion temperature( AFT) detector and X-ray fluorescence( XRF),and the transformation of containing phosphate minerals of blended ashes with different temperatures between crystal and amorphous were explored using X-ray diffraction( XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy( XPS). For the ash sample with high contents of Al_2O_3,which has higher AFT,raising content of phosphorus significantly results in a reduced ash fusion point,in particular it is lowered by 126 ℃ at 0-4% P2O5 content. But it has little effect on ash with high alkaline content. Aluminum phosphate( AlPO_4) crystals is the major phosphor containing minerals in lowtemperature ashes,witch react with calcium minerals( CaSO_4) and hematite(Fe_2O_3) to form Ca_3(PO_4)_2 crystal and( Fe_2O_3)0.252( P2O5)0.748 glass phase along with increasing temperature. Meanwhile,( Fe_2O_3)0.252( P2O5)0.748 in glass phase increases with an increase in phosphorus content, which may be the primary cause of AFT decreasing.
The influence of inorganic phosphorus on ash fusion characteristics of sewage sludge and coal were investigated by ash fusion temperature( AFT) detector and X-ray fluorescence( XRF),and the transformation of containing phosphate minerals of blended ashes with different temperatures between crystal and amorphous were explored using X-ray diffraction( XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy( XPS). For the ash sample with high contents of Al_2O_3,which has higher AFT,raising content of phosphorus significantly results in a reduced ash fusion point,in particular it is lowered by 126 ℃ at 0-4% P2O5 content. But it has little effect on ash with high alkaline content. Aluminum phosphate( AlPO_4) crystals is the major phosphor containing minerals in lowtemperature ashes,witch react with calcium minerals( CaSO_4) and hematite(Fe_2O_3) to form Ca_3(PO_4)_2 crystal and( Fe_2O_3)0.252( P2O5)0.748 glass phase along with increasing temperature. Meanwhile,( Fe_2O_3)0.252( P2O5)0.748 in glass phase increases with an increase in phosphorus content, which may be the primary cause of AFT decreasing.
引文
[1] WANG K,ZHENG Y,ZHU X,BREWER C E,BROWN R C. Ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of wastewater sewage sludge-a micro-pyrolysis study[J]. Biotechnol Technol,2017,232:229-234.
[2] ZHANG Q G,HU J J,LEE DUU-JONG,CHANG YINGJU,LEE YU-JEN. Sludge treatment:Current research trends[J]. Biotechnol Technol,2017,243:1159-1172.
[3]魏砾宏,马婷婷,杨天华,李润东.污泥/煤混烧灰的结渣特性及矿物质演变规律研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(18):4697-4702.(WEI Li-hong,MA Ting-ting,YANG Tian-hua,LI Run-dong. Slagging characteristics and minerals conversion of co-firing Ash of coal and sludge at high temperature[J]. Proc CSEE,2015,35(18):4697-4702.)
[4] ZHANG Q,LIU H F,QIAN Y P,XU M H,LI W F,XU J L. The influence of phosphorus on ash fusion temperature of sludge and coal[J].Fuel Process Technol,2013,110(41):218-226.
[5] LI W D,LI M,LI W F,LIU H F. Study on the ash fusion temperatures of coal and sewage sludge mixtures[J]. Fuel,2010,89(7):1566-1572.
[6]李明,李伟东,李伟锋,刘海峰.污泥对神府煤灰熔点的影响[J].燃料化学学报,2009,37(4):416-420.(LI Ming,LI Wei-dong,LI Wei-feng,LIU Hai-feng. Influence of sewage sludge addition on Shenfu coal ash fusion temperatures[J]. J Fuel Chem Technol,2009,37(4):416-420.)
[7] XU H,ZHANG H,SHAO L,HE P. Fraction distributions of phosphorus in sewage sludge and sludge ash[J]. Waste Biomass Valor,2012,3(3):355-361.
[8] FOLGUERAS M B,ALONSO M,FOLGUERAS J R. Modification of lignite ash fusion temperatures by the addition of different types of sew age sludge[J]. Fuel Process Technol,2015,137(131):348-355.
[9] CUI H,NINOMIYA Y,MASUI M,MIZUKOSHI H,SAKANO T,KANAOKA C. Fundamental behaviors in combustion of raw sewage sludge[J]. Energy Fuels,2005,20(1):77-83.
[10] ZHANG L,ITO M,SATO A,NINOMIYA Y,SAKANO T,KANAOKA C,MASUI M. Combustibility of dried sewage sludge and its mineral transformation at different oxygen content in drop tube furnace[J]. Fuel Process Technol,2004,85(8/10):983-1011.
[11] OHBUCHI A,SAKAMOTO J,KITANO M,NAKAMURA T. X-ray fluorescence analysis of sludge ash from sewage disposal plant[J]. XRay Spectr,2008,37(5):544-550.
[12] VAN DYK J C,BENSON S A,LAUMB M L,WAANDERS B. Coal and coal ash characteristics to understand mineral transformations and slag formation[J]. Fuel,2009,88(6):1057-1063.
[13] TOMASZ K,MARCO M,MICHAEL I,WEBER R. Investigation of ash deposit formation during co-firing of coal with sewage sludge,sawdust and refuse derived fuel[J]. Fuel,2008,87(12):2824-2837.
[14] WANG L,SKJEVRAK G,HUSTAD J E,GRNLI M G. Sintering characteristics of sewage sludge ashes at elevated temperatures[J]. Fuel Process Technol,2012,96:88-97.
[15] FOLGUERAS M,DAZ R,XIBERTA J,GARCA M,PIS J. Influence of sewage sludge addition on coal ash fusion temperatures[J].Energy Fuels,2005,19(6):2562-2570.
[16]魏砾宏,马婷婷,李润东,杨天华,李延吉,文丽娜.灰中酸性成分对灰熔融温度的影响[J].燃料化学学报,2014,10(24):1205-1211.(WEI Li-hong,MA Ting-ting,LI Run-dong,YANG Tian-hua,LI Yan-ji,WEN Li-na. Effect of acidic compositions on ash fusion temperatures[J]. J Fuel Chem Technol,2014,10(24):1205-1211.)
[17] CIESLIK B,KONIECZKA P. A review of phosphorus recovery methods at various steps of wastewater treatment and sewage sludge management. The concept of“no solid waste generation”and analytical methods[J]. J Clean Prod,2017,142:1728-1740.
[18] FANG L,LI J,DONATELLO S,CHEESEMAN C R,WANG Q,POON C S,TSANG D C W. Recovery of phosphorus from incinerated sew age sludge ash by combined tw o-step extraction and selective precipitation[J]. Biochem Eng J,2018,348:74-83.
[19] VILLEN GUZMAN M,GUEDES P,COUTO N,OTTOSEN L M,RIBEIRO A B,RODRIGUEZ MAROTO J M. Electrodialytic phosphorus recovery from sew age sludge ash under kinetic control[J]. Electrochim Acta,2018,287:49-59.
[20]孟详东,黄群星,严建华,郜华萍.磷在污泥热解过程中的迁移转化[J].化工学报,2018,69(7):3208-3215.(MENG Xiang-dong,HUANG Qun-xing,YAN Jian-hua,GAO Hua-ping. Migration and transformation of phosphorus during pyrolysis process of sew age sludge[J]. CIESC J,2018,69(7):3208-3215.)
[21] NINOMIYA Y,ZHANG L,SAKANO T,KANAOKA C H,MASUI M. Transformation of mineral and emission of particulate matter during co-combustion of coal w ith sew age sludge[J]. Fuel,2004,83(6):751-764.
[22]殷立宝,邓昌亚,张成,方庆艳,徐齐胜,陈刚.工业、生活污泥与煤混合燃烧的灰熔特性研究[J].燃料化学学报,2014,42(9):1068-1076.(YIN Li-bao,DENG Chang-ya,ZHANG Cheng,FANG Qing-yan,XU Qi-sheng,CHEN Gang. Fusion characteristics in co-combustion of coal w ith industrial and municipal sludge[J]. J Fuel Chem Technol,2014,42(9):1068-1076.)
[2] ZHANG Q G,HU J J,LEE DUU-JONG,CHANG YINGJU,LEE YU-JEN. Sludge treatment:Current research trends[J]. Biotechnol Technol,2017,243:1159-1172.
[3]魏砾宏,马婷婷,杨天华,李润东.污泥/煤混烧灰的结渣特性及矿物质演变规律研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(18):4697-4702.(WEI Li-hong,MA Ting-ting,YANG Tian-hua,LI Run-dong. Slagging characteristics and minerals conversion of co-firing Ash of coal and sludge at high temperature[J]. Proc CSEE,2015,35(18):4697-4702.)
[4] ZHANG Q,LIU H F,QIAN Y P,XU M H,LI W F,XU J L. The influence of phosphorus on ash fusion temperature of sludge and coal[J].Fuel Process Technol,2013,110(41):218-226.
[5] LI W D,LI M,LI W F,LIU H F. Study on the ash fusion temperatures of coal and sewage sludge mixtures[J]. Fuel,2010,89(7):1566-1572.
[6]李明,李伟东,李伟锋,刘海峰.污泥对神府煤灰熔点的影响[J].燃料化学学报,2009,37(4):416-420.(LI Ming,LI Wei-dong,LI Wei-feng,LIU Hai-feng. Influence of sewage sludge addition on Shenfu coal ash fusion temperatures[J]. J Fuel Chem Technol,2009,37(4):416-420.)
[7] XU H,ZHANG H,SHAO L,HE P. Fraction distributions of phosphorus in sewage sludge and sludge ash[J]. Waste Biomass Valor,2012,3(3):355-361.
[8] FOLGUERAS M B,ALONSO M,FOLGUERAS J R. Modification of lignite ash fusion temperatures by the addition of different types of sew age sludge[J]. Fuel Process Technol,2015,137(131):348-355.
[9] CUI H,NINOMIYA Y,MASUI M,MIZUKOSHI H,SAKANO T,KANAOKA C. Fundamental behaviors in combustion of raw sewage sludge[J]. Energy Fuels,2005,20(1):77-83.
[10] ZHANG L,ITO M,SATO A,NINOMIYA Y,SAKANO T,KANAOKA C,MASUI M. Combustibility of dried sewage sludge and its mineral transformation at different oxygen content in drop tube furnace[J]. Fuel Process Technol,2004,85(8/10):983-1011.
[11] OHBUCHI A,SAKAMOTO J,KITANO M,NAKAMURA T. X-ray fluorescence analysis of sludge ash from sewage disposal plant[J]. XRay Spectr,2008,37(5):544-550.
[12] VAN DYK J C,BENSON S A,LAUMB M L,WAANDERS B. Coal and coal ash characteristics to understand mineral transformations and slag formation[J]. Fuel,2009,88(6):1057-1063.
[13] TOMASZ K,MARCO M,MICHAEL I,WEBER R. Investigation of ash deposit formation during co-firing of coal with sewage sludge,sawdust and refuse derived fuel[J]. Fuel,2008,87(12):2824-2837.
[14] WANG L,SKJEVRAK G,HUSTAD J E,GRNLI M G. Sintering characteristics of sewage sludge ashes at elevated temperatures[J]. Fuel Process Technol,2012,96:88-97.
[15] FOLGUERAS M,DAZ R,XIBERTA J,GARCA M,PIS J. Influence of sewage sludge addition on coal ash fusion temperatures[J].Energy Fuels,2005,19(6):2562-2570.
[16]魏砾宏,马婷婷,李润东,杨天华,李延吉,文丽娜.灰中酸性成分对灰熔融温度的影响[J].燃料化学学报,2014,10(24):1205-1211.(WEI Li-hong,MA Ting-ting,LI Run-dong,YANG Tian-hua,LI Yan-ji,WEN Li-na. Effect of acidic compositions on ash fusion temperatures[J]. J Fuel Chem Technol,2014,10(24):1205-1211.)
[17] CIESLIK B,KONIECZKA P. A review of phosphorus recovery methods at various steps of wastewater treatment and sewage sludge management. The concept of“no solid waste generation”and analytical methods[J]. J Clean Prod,2017,142:1728-1740.
[18] FANG L,LI J,DONATELLO S,CHEESEMAN C R,WANG Q,POON C S,TSANG D C W. Recovery of phosphorus from incinerated sew age sludge ash by combined tw o-step extraction and selective precipitation[J]. Biochem Eng J,2018,348:74-83.
[19] VILLEN GUZMAN M,GUEDES P,COUTO N,OTTOSEN L M,RIBEIRO A B,RODRIGUEZ MAROTO J M. Electrodialytic phosphorus recovery from sew age sludge ash under kinetic control[J]. Electrochim Acta,2018,287:49-59.
[20]孟详东,黄群星,严建华,郜华萍.磷在污泥热解过程中的迁移转化[J].化工学报,2018,69(7):3208-3215.(MENG Xiang-dong,HUANG Qun-xing,YAN Jian-hua,GAO Hua-ping. Migration and transformation of phosphorus during pyrolysis process of sew age sludge[J]. CIESC J,2018,69(7):3208-3215.)
[21] NINOMIYA Y,ZHANG L,SAKANO T,KANAOKA C H,MASUI M. Transformation of mineral and emission of particulate matter during co-combustion of coal w ith sew age sludge[J]. Fuel,2004,83(6):751-764.
[22]殷立宝,邓昌亚,张成,方庆艳,徐齐胜,陈刚.工业、生活污泥与煤混合燃烧的灰熔特性研究[J].燃料化学学报,2014,42(9):1068-1076.(YIN Li-bao,DENG Chang-ya,ZHANG Cheng,FANG Qing-yan,XU Qi-sheng,CHEN Gang. Fusion characteristics in co-combustion of coal w ith industrial and municipal sludge[J]. J Fuel Chem Technol,2014,42(9):1068-1076.)