生活垃圾焚烧发电厂运行中二恶英联动控制技术浅析
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摘要
随着近些年来生活垃圾焚烧发电厂的大量投运,伴随着居民对生活垃圾发电认识的进一步加深,邻避事件时有发生,且近2 a的环保督查压力日益增大,给垃圾焚烧厂的环保安全运行提出了更高要求,尤其是二恶英的安全达标排放成为焦点问题之一。因此,根据二恶英的形成机理,论述了二恶英的危害,阐述了目前为最大限度地控制二恶英的排放、减少二恶英对环境和人类的危害程度所采用的二恶英技术,重点总结了已投运的垃圾焚烧厂在日常运行中采用的一系列的联动控制技术,诸如垃圾入厂控制、垃圾坑堆放及投料控制、炉内燃烧及温度控制(包括炉温控制、负荷控制、一二次风量及氧量控制、启停炉控制、ACC控制等)、受热面清灰、烟气净化系统控制(包括活性炭储量及品质控制、下料控制和布袋除尘器控制等)等系列控制手段来减排二恶英,为行业最大限度减少二恶英的形成及提高去除效率提供经验和借鉴。
With the large-scale operation of domestic waste incineration power plants and the residents' further understanding of domestic waste power generation,some incidents named "not in my backyard"have occurred in recent years. Besides,the pressure of environmental supervision has increased in the past two years,which puts forward higher requirements for environmentally safe operation of waste incineration plants,and especially the qualified dioxins emissions have become one of the focus issues. Therefore,based on the formation mechanism of dioxins,the harm of dioxins was discussed,and the current dioxins technology adopted to maximum control the dioxin emissions and reduce the harm of dioxins to the environment and humans was described. A series of linkage control technologies in the daily operation of the waste incineration plant was summarized to reduce the emission of dioxins,such as garbage ingress control,garbage pit stacking and feeding control,furnace combustion and temperature control(including furnace temperature control,load control,primary/second air and oxygen control,start-stop furnace control,ACC control,etc.),heated surface cleaning,flue gas purification system control(including activated carbon storage and quality control,blanking control and bag filter control,etc.)and other control methods,which provided experience and reference for the industry to minimize the formation of dioxin and improve the removal efficiency.
With the large-scale operation of domestic waste incineration power plants and the residents' further understanding of domestic waste power generation,some incidents named "not in my backyard"have occurred in recent years. Besides,the pressure of environmental supervision has increased in the past two years,which puts forward higher requirements for environmentally safe operation of waste incineration plants,and especially the qualified dioxins emissions have become one of the focus issues. Therefore,based on the formation mechanism of dioxins,the harm of dioxins was discussed,and the current dioxins technology adopted to maximum control the dioxin emissions and reduce the harm of dioxins to the environment and humans was described. A series of linkage control technologies in the daily operation of the waste incineration plant was summarized to reduce the emission of dioxins,such as garbage ingress control,garbage pit stacking and feeding control,furnace combustion and temperature control(including furnace temperature control,load control,primary/second air and oxygen control,start-stop furnace control,ACC control,etc.),heated surface cleaning,flue gas purification system control(including activated carbon storage and quality control,blanking control and bag filter control,etc.)and other control methods,which provided experience and reference for the industry to minimize the formation of dioxin and improve the removal efficiency.
引文
[1]王圣,岳修鹏,张亚平.我国垃圾焚烧发电产业存在的环保问题及相关思考[J].环境保护,2018,46(11):59-61.
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[5]钱莲英,潘淑萍,徐哲明.生活垃圾焚烧炉烟气中二恶英排放水平及控制措施[J].环境监测管理与技术,2017,29(3):57-60.
[6]胡斌,刘小峰,孙宏.二恶英处理技术的对比[J].环境卫生工程,2011,19(1):59-61.
[7]陈宋璇,黎小保.生活垃圾焚烧发电中二恶英控制技术研究进展[J].环境科学与管理,2012(5):89-93.
[8]赵菲菲,冯自松,陈金海.生活垃圾焚烧发电厂二恶英近零排放技术研究[J].环境科学与管理,2016,41(4):78-81.
[9]高云涛.垃圾协同半干化市政改性污泥焚烧试运行掺烧比例分析[D].北京:清华大学,2014.
[10]王炜岚.生活垃圾焚烧炉混烧医疗废物的利与弊:以上海御桥生活垃圾焚烧发电厂为例[J].环境卫生工程,2013,21(1):18-24.
[11]徐旭,严建华,岑可法.垃圾焚烧过程二恶英的生成机理及相关理论模型[J].能源工程,2004(4):42-45.
[12]吴海龙.焚烧炉二恶英排放特性及关键控制技术研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[13]张漫雯,冯桂贤,黄蓉,等.国产活性炭喷射去除大型城市生活垃圾焚烧发电厂烟气中的二恶英[J].环境工程学报,2015(11):5531-5536.
[14]Chi K H,Chang S H,Huang C H. Partitioning and removal of dioxin-like congeners in flue gases treated with activated carbon adsorption[J]. Chemosphere,2006,64(8):1489-1498.
[2]赵吉睿,张骥,刘佳泓.垃圾焚烧过程中二恶英的生成与控制[J].环境科学与技术,2014(S2):110-113,125.
[3]贺毅.生活垃圾焚烧二恶英的形成及控制[J].能源与节能,2014(4):116-117.
[4]翁志华.固体废物焚烧中二恶英控制措施探讨[J].上海环境科学,2011,30(2):82-89.
[5]钱莲英,潘淑萍,徐哲明.生活垃圾焚烧炉烟气中二恶英排放水平及控制措施[J].环境监测管理与技术,2017,29(3):57-60.
[6]胡斌,刘小峰,孙宏.二恶英处理技术的对比[J].环境卫生工程,2011,19(1):59-61.
[7]陈宋璇,黎小保.生活垃圾焚烧发电中二恶英控制技术研究进展[J].环境科学与管理,2012(5):89-93.
[8]赵菲菲,冯自松,陈金海.生活垃圾焚烧发电厂二恶英近零排放技术研究[J].环境科学与管理,2016,41(4):78-81.
[9]高云涛.垃圾协同半干化市政改性污泥焚烧试运行掺烧比例分析[D].北京:清华大学,2014.
[10]王炜岚.生活垃圾焚烧炉混烧医疗废物的利与弊:以上海御桥生活垃圾焚烧发电厂为例[J].环境卫生工程,2013,21(1):18-24.
[11]徐旭,严建华,岑可法.垃圾焚烧过程二恶英的生成机理及相关理论模型[J].能源工程,2004(4):42-45.
[12]吴海龙.焚烧炉二恶英排放特性及关键控制技术研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[13]张漫雯,冯桂贤,黄蓉,等.国产活性炭喷射去除大型城市生活垃圾焚烧发电厂烟气中的二恶英[J].环境工程学报,2015(11):5531-5536.
[14]Chi K H,Chang S H,Huang C H. Partitioning and removal of dioxin-like congeners in flue gases treated with activated carbon adsorption[J]. Chemosphere,2006,64(8):1489-1498.