推进逻辑与未来进路:我国政务大数据政策的文本分析
|
摘要
[目的/意义]从已颁布政策文件中找出我国推进政务大数据发展和应用的内在逻辑,为优化未来的政策路径提供对策建议。[方法/过程]通过政府门户网站收集189条有效政策文本,综合运用词频分析软件和人工方式提取关键词,采用CiteSpace 5.0分析政策文本时间分布、关键词共现网络、高频关键词及其共现关系。[结果/结论]我国推进政务大数据发展和应用的过程可分为地方初探、顶层设计、全面探索三个阶段;热点领域包括政务服务和简政放权、社会治理和公共服务、创新创业和产业发展;价值取向则是以创新发展为引领、以数据汇聚为主线、以安全保障为前提。在未来发展中,应针对具体场景创造更多公共价值;充分发挥大数据的技术优势,深度挖掘隐藏模式;重视产权归属和隐私保护,构建良好的应用环境。
[Purpose/Significance]This study aims to explore the internal logic in promoting the development and application of government big data in China based on the policy documents already issued,and provide countermeasures and suggestions for optimizing policy paths in the future. [Method/Process]It collects 189 valid policy documents through government web portals,extracts keywords comprehensively using frequency analysis software and manual methods,and analyzes the temporal distribution of policy documents,keywords co-occurrence networks,and high frequency keywords and their co-occurrence relations with CiteSpace 5. 0. [Result/Conclusion]The process of promoting the development and application of government big data in China can be divided into three stages: primary exploration by local government,top design by central government,and comprehensive exploration. The hot areas include government services and decentralization,social governance and public service,innovation and industrial development. The value orientations contain taking innovation and development as the guidance,data gathering as the main line,and security as the prerequisite. In the future development,more public value should be created by targeting at specific scenarios; hidden patterns should be explored by giving full play of the technological edge of big data; issues concerning data ownership and privacy protection must be highlighted to support the establishment of a desirable application environment.
[Purpose/Significance]This study aims to explore the internal logic in promoting the development and application of government big data in China based on the policy documents already issued,and provide countermeasures and suggestions for optimizing policy paths in the future. [Method/Process]It collects 189 valid policy documents through government web portals,extracts keywords comprehensively using frequency analysis software and manual methods,and analyzes the temporal distribution of policy documents,keywords co-occurrence networks,and high frequency keywords and their co-occurrence relations with CiteSpace 5. 0. [Result/Conclusion]The process of promoting the development and application of government big data in China can be divided into three stages: primary exploration by local government,top design by central government,and comprehensive exploration. The hot areas include government services and decentralization,social governance and public service,innovation and industrial development. The value orientations contain taking innovation and development as the guidance,data gathering as the main line,and security as the prerequisite. In the future development,more public value should be created by targeting at specific scenarios; hidden patterns should be explored by giving full play of the technological edge of big data; issues concerning data ownership and privacy protection must be highlighted to support the establishment of a desirable application environment.
引文
[1]高小平.借助大数据科技力量寻求国家治理变革创新[J].中国行政管理,2015(10):10-14.
[2]张楠.公共衍生大数据分析与政府决策过程重构:理论演进与研究展望[J].中国行政管理,2015(10):19-24.
[3]季飞,杨康.大数据驱动下的反贫困治理模式创新研究[J].中国行政管理,2017(5):53-59.
[4]马奔,毛庆铎.大数据在应急管理中的应用[J].中国行政管理,2015(3):136-141,151.
[5]吴湛微,禹卫华.大数据如何改善社会治理:国外“大数据社会福祉”运动的案例分析和借鉴[J].中国行政管理,2016(1):118-121.
[6]陶国根.大数据视域下的政府公共服务创新之道[J].电子政务,2016(2):68-73.
[7]郭建锦,郭建平.大数据背景下的国家治理能力建设研究[J].中国行政管理,2015(6):73-76.
[8]宁家骏.新形势下推进大数据应用的若干思考[J].电子政务,2016(8):76-83.
[9]李月,侯卫真,李琳琳.我国地方政府大数据战略研究[J].情报理论与实践,2017,40(10):31-35,46.
[10]张勇进,王璟璇.主要发达国家大数据政策比较研究[J].中国行政管理,2014(12):113-117.
[11]于施洋,王建冬,童楠楠.国内外政务大数据应用发展述评:方向与问题[J].电子政务,2016(1):2-10.
[12]陈之常.应用大数据推进政府治理能力现代化——以北京市东城区为例[J].中国行政管理,2015(2):38-42.
[13]深圳市坪山新区发展研究中心.“大数据”治理的深圳坪山实践——基于深圳市坪山新区“循数治理”模式的分析[J].中国行政管理,2016(2):154-155.
[14]王留军,肖迎霜.从武汉的实践看我国政务大数据建设的现状、问题和建议[J].电子政务,2017(7):77-83.
[15]刘白,廖秀健.基于大数据的重大行政决策社会稳定风险评估机制构建研究[J].情报杂志,2016,35(9):43-47,145.
[16]王法硕,王翔.大数据时代公共服务智慧化供给研究[J].情报杂志,2016,35(8):179-184,191.
[17]汪磊,许鹿,汪霞.大数据驱动下精准扶贫运行机制的耦合性分析及其机制创新——基于贵州、甘肃的案例[J].公共管理学报,2017,14(3):135-143.
[18]陈涛,刘庆龙.智慧旅游背景下的大数据应用研究:以旅游需求预测为例[J].电子政务,2015(9):6-13.
[19]孙宇,冯丽烁.1994-2014年中国互联网治理政策的变迁逻辑[J].情报杂志,2017,36(1):87-91,141.
[20]Mergel I,Rethemeyer R K,Isett K.Big data in public affairs[J].Public Administration Review,2016,76(6):928-937.
[21]Cavanillas J M,Curry E,Wahlster W.New horizons for a datadriven economy:A roadmap for usage and exploitation of big data in europe[M].Cham:Springer,2016:29-37.
[22]徐宗本,冯芷艳,郭迅华,等.大数据驱动的管理与决策前沿课题[J].管理世界,2014(11):158-163.
[23]穆勇,王薇,赵莹,等.我国数据资源资产化管理现状、问题及对策研究[J].电子政务,2017(2):66-74.
[24]张会平,郭宁,杨国富,等.基于社会-技术框架的“互联网+政务服务”网络安全机制研究[J].情报杂志,2017,36(12):16-21.
[2]张楠.公共衍生大数据分析与政府决策过程重构:理论演进与研究展望[J].中国行政管理,2015(10):19-24.
[3]季飞,杨康.大数据驱动下的反贫困治理模式创新研究[J].中国行政管理,2017(5):53-59.
[4]马奔,毛庆铎.大数据在应急管理中的应用[J].中国行政管理,2015(3):136-141,151.
[5]吴湛微,禹卫华.大数据如何改善社会治理:国外“大数据社会福祉”运动的案例分析和借鉴[J].中国行政管理,2016(1):118-121.
[6]陶国根.大数据视域下的政府公共服务创新之道[J].电子政务,2016(2):68-73.
[7]郭建锦,郭建平.大数据背景下的国家治理能力建设研究[J].中国行政管理,2015(6):73-76.
[8]宁家骏.新形势下推进大数据应用的若干思考[J].电子政务,2016(8):76-83.
[9]李月,侯卫真,李琳琳.我国地方政府大数据战略研究[J].情报理论与实践,2017,40(10):31-35,46.
[10]张勇进,王璟璇.主要发达国家大数据政策比较研究[J].中国行政管理,2014(12):113-117.
[11]于施洋,王建冬,童楠楠.国内外政务大数据应用发展述评:方向与问题[J].电子政务,2016(1):2-10.
[12]陈之常.应用大数据推进政府治理能力现代化——以北京市东城区为例[J].中国行政管理,2015(2):38-42.
[13]深圳市坪山新区发展研究中心.“大数据”治理的深圳坪山实践——基于深圳市坪山新区“循数治理”模式的分析[J].中国行政管理,2016(2):154-155.
[14]王留军,肖迎霜.从武汉的实践看我国政务大数据建设的现状、问题和建议[J].电子政务,2017(7):77-83.
[15]刘白,廖秀健.基于大数据的重大行政决策社会稳定风险评估机制构建研究[J].情报杂志,2016,35(9):43-47,145.
[16]王法硕,王翔.大数据时代公共服务智慧化供给研究[J].情报杂志,2016,35(8):179-184,191.
[17]汪磊,许鹿,汪霞.大数据驱动下精准扶贫运行机制的耦合性分析及其机制创新——基于贵州、甘肃的案例[J].公共管理学报,2017,14(3):135-143.
[18]陈涛,刘庆龙.智慧旅游背景下的大数据应用研究:以旅游需求预测为例[J].电子政务,2015(9):6-13.
[19]孙宇,冯丽烁.1994-2014年中国互联网治理政策的变迁逻辑[J].情报杂志,2017,36(1):87-91,141.
[20]Mergel I,Rethemeyer R K,Isett K.Big data in public affairs[J].Public Administration Review,2016,76(6):928-937.
[21]Cavanillas J M,Curry E,Wahlster W.New horizons for a datadriven economy:A roadmap for usage and exploitation of big data in europe[M].Cham:Springer,2016:29-37.
[22]徐宗本,冯芷艳,郭迅华,等.大数据驱动的管理与决策前沿课题[J].管理世界,2014(11):158-163.
[23]穆勇,王薇,赵莹,等.我国数据资源资产化管理现状、问题及对策研究[J].电子政务,2017(2):66-74.
[24]张会平,郭宁,杨国富,等.基于社会-技术框架的“互联网+政务服务”网络安全机制研究[J].情报杂志,2017,36(12):16-21.