“互联网+社会工作”介入智能化脱贫的路径创新——基于皖北R机构的实地研究
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摘要
时下的精准脱贫攻坚工程取得了显著性成就,但在具体的政策实践过程中仍面临单一主导的行政式脱贫、贫困户处于被动地位以及社会力量参与不足等现实困境。信息时代的社会工作借助互联网技术与平台,结合自身专业优势,进行"智能化脱贫"模式的实践与探索,可以为精准脱贫提供新思路、新方法,并为乡村振兴奠定良好基础。基于R机构的实证调查,呈现了以"互联网+社会工作"形式施行社会救助服务实践的亮点,并聚焦其面临的服务困境,对之展开剖析;尝试建构"智能化脱贫框架",并从资源整合、平台搭建、人力优化、线上空间外展脱贫服务等方面进行脱贫的社会工作介入实务。智能化脱贫模式的有效运行,既需要政府的支持和体制保障,也离不开社会工作机构自身的能力建设。
At present,the targeted poverty alleviation project has made remarkable achievements,but in implementation,it still faces such practical difficulties as single-dominant administration of poverty alleviation,passive position of poor households and insufficient participation of social forces.In the information age,to explore the mode of"intelligent poverty alleviation"with the help of Internet technologies and platforms and by giving full play to the advantages of social work,can provide new ideas and methods for targeted poverty alleviation and lay agood foundation for rural revitalization.Based on the empirical investigation of the R institution of Northern Anhui,this paper presents the highlights of social relief service practice in the form of"Internet+ social work",focuses on and analyzes the service dilemma the practice faces.Besides,this paper also attempts to establish an"intelligent poverty alleviation framework"and describe the path of carrying out poverty alleviation from such social work aspects as resource integration,platform building,human resource optimization,and online service space outreach.The effective operation of intelligent poverty alleviation mode needs not only the support and institutional guarantee from the government,but also the capacity building of social work institutions themselves.
At present,the targeted poverty alleviation project has made remarkable achievements,but in implementation,it still faces such practical difficulties as single-dominant administration of poverty alleviation,passive position of poor households and insufficient participation of social forces.In the information age,to explore the mode of"intelligent poverty alleviation"with the help of Internet technologies and platforms and by giving full play to the advantages of social work,can provide new ideas and methods for targeted poverty alleviation and lay agood foundation for rural revitalization.Based on the empirical investigation of the R institution of Northern Anhui,this paper presents the highlights of social relief service practice in the form of"Internet+ social work",focuses on and analyzes the service dilemma the practice faces.Besides,this paper also attempts to establish an"intelligent poverty alleviation framework"and describe the path of carrying out poverty alleviation from such social work aspects as resource integration,platform building,human resource optimization,and online service space outreach.The effective operation of intelligent poverty alleviation mode needs not only the support and institutional guarantee from the government,but also the capacity building of social work institutions themselves.
引文
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[2]刘锐,何雪峰.农村贫困结构及治理路径研究[J].社会科学战线,2018(3):218-226.
[3]SMALL M L.Villa Victoria:The transformation of social capital in a Boston barrio[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press.2004:2.
[4]顾东辉.精准扶贫内涵与实务:社会工作视角的初步解读[J].社会工作,2016(5):3-14,125.
[5]李迎生,徐向文.社会工作助力精准扶贫:功能定位与实践探索[J].学海,2016(4):114-123.
[6]林顺利,孟亚男.嵌入与脱嵌:社会工作参与精准扶贫的理论与实践[J].甘肃社会科学,2018(3):9-15.
[7]魏哲铭,艾强,薛菲,等.“互联网+”背景下精准扶贫社会工作平台的构建[J].生产力研究,2017(7):11-14.
[8]赵万林,张洪英.互联网+社会工作服务项目:实践与伦理议题[J].社会工作与管理,2017,17(2):26-31.
[9]朱志伟.互联网+社工:社会工作结构性关系的三重塑造[J].长白学刊,2017(5):142-148.
[10]张军,方锐.网络化时代的社会工作发展转向研究[J].社会工作与管理,2017,17(5):42-48.
[11]李超.智慧城市背景下社区养老服务智能化研究[D].上海:上海工程技术大学,2015.
[12]中央政府门户网站.乡村振兴战略规划(2018-2022)[EB/OL].[2018-09-26].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2018-09/26/content_5325534.htm.
[13]中国互联网络信息中心.第41次《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》[EB/OL].[2018-03-05].http://www.cnnic.net.cn/hlwfzyj/hlwxzbg/hlwtjbg/201803/t20180305_70249.htm.
[14]王思斌.精准扶贫扶贫的社会工作参与:兼论实践型精准扶贫[J].社会工作,2016(3):3-9,123.