内蒙古中东部达里湖湖岸堤记录的12.5 cal ka BP以来湖面波动过程
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摘要
内蒙古中东部位于东亚夏季风过渡区,对气候变化响应敏感。广泛发育的湖泊沉积物提供了全新世以来的环境变化的理想材料。湖岸沉积物直接记录的古水位,与高分辨率的湖心钻孔记录相结合,有助于全面认识古气候的变化历史和湖面波动的定量重建。运用AMS14C测年和GPS、DEM及1︰5万地形图等相结合的方法确定了达里湖北侧湖岸堤的年代和高程,并结合湖岸堤剖面的沉积序列指示的湖面变化过程,重建了12.5cal ka BP以来达里湖的波动历史。12.5 cal ka BP,达里湖湖面海拔高度约为1253m,至12.3 cal ka BP湖面经历短暂上升,至海拔1266m左右;之后湖面下降,至全新世早期(11.2 cal ka BP),水位降至1254m左右;随后湖面开始逐步上升,10.7 cal ka BP湖面水位稳定在1274m左右;全新世中期湖面继续上升至某一高度(至少在1291m)后,于全新世晚期4.8 cal ka BP湖面高度降至1279m,并于4.6 cal ka BP湖面继续下降至1275m的高度。通过对比湖心钻孔记录的湖泊波动历史以及区域湖泊沉积记录,认为达里湖的水位波动受东亚季风活动的影响,具有区域的一致性。达里湖的水位变化较区域内的其他湖泊更为强烈,认为除了受区域气候变化的影响外,达里湖全新世晚期的湖面下降可能还与区域内强烈的构造活动和西拉木伦河溯源侵蚀导致区域水系的改变有关。
Middle-east of Inner Mongolia,located in the transitional region of East Asian SummerMonsoon,is sensitive to climate changes. Widely scattered lake sediments provide ideal materials for studying environment changes since the Holocene. Lakeshore sediment,recording the paleolake level directly,could help us understanding the paleoclimate history and reconstructing lake level fluctuations quantitatively combined with high-resolution lake center records. AMS14 C dating,GPS,DEM and 1︰50000 topographic map methods were applied to investigate the chronology and elevation of lakeshore in the north of Dali Lake. Combined with the sedimentary sequences,the lake level history since 12. 5 cal ka BP was reconstructed. The lake level was 1253m at 12. 5 cal ka BP followed by a short duration of transgression until 12. 3 cal ka BP( 1266 m) and then began to decline. In early Holocene at 11. 2 cal ka BP,the lake level was at 1254m and showed a rise tendency till 10. 7 cal ka BP at 1274m. Up to mid-Holocene,the lake level continued to rise( at least 1291m). In late Holocene at 4. 8 cal ka BP, the level fell to1279m and then to 1275m at 4. 6 cal ka BP. By comparing with the records of Dali Lake core and other regional lakes,we considered that the lake level fluctuations were consistent with the regional pattern possibly controlled by the East Asian Monsoon. Moreover,the intense lake level fluctuations of the Dali Lake may also be affected by both the regional tectonic activity during late Holocene and drainage system changes caused by head-ward erosion of the Xilamulun River.
Middle-east of Inner Mongolia,located in the transitional region of East Asian SummerMonsoon,is sensitive to climate changes. Widely scattered lake sediments provide ideal materials for studying environment changes since the Holocene. Lakeshore sediment,recording the paleolake level directly,could help us understanding the paleoclimate history and reconstructing lake level fluctuations quantitatively combined with high-resolution lake center records. AMS14 C dating,GPS,DEM and 1︰50000 topographic map methods were applied to investigate the chronology and elevation of lakeshore in the north of Dali Lake. Combined with the sedimentary sequences,the lake level history since 12. 5 cal ka BP was reconstructed. The lake level was 1253m at 12. 5 cal ka BP followed by a short duration of transgression until 12. 3 cal ka BP( 1266 m) and then began to decline. In early Holocene at 11. 2 cal ka BP,the lake level was at 1254m and showed a rise tendency till 10. 7 cal ka BP at 1274m. Up to mid-Holocene,the lake level continued to rise( at least 1291m). In late Holocene at 4. 8 cal ka BP, the level fell to1279m and then to 1275m at 4. 6 cal ka BP. By comparing with the records of Dali Lake core and other regional lakes,we considered that the lake level fluctuations were consistent with the regional pattern possibly controlled by the East Asian Monsoon. Moreover,the intense lake level fluctuations of the Dali Lake may also be affected by both the regional tectonic activity during late Holocene and drainage system changes caused by head-ward erosion of the Xilamulun River.
引文
陈发虎,范育新,春喜,Madsen D B,Oviatt C G,赵晖,杨丽萍,孙洋.2008.晚第四纪“吉兰泰-河套”古大湖的初步研究.科学通报,53(10):1207-1219.[Chen F H,Fan Y X,Chun X,Madsen D B,Oviatt C G,Zhao H,Yang L P,Sun Y.2008.Preliminary study of“Jilantai-Hetao ancient lake”in Late Quaternary.Chinese Science Bulletin,53(10):1207-1219]
春喜.2006.晚第四纪吉兰泰盐湖古湖面与环境变化研究.兰州大学博士学位论文.[Chun X.2006.Paleo-lake Level Variations of Jilantai Salt Lake and the Environment Changes since Late Quaternary.Doctoral Dissetation of Lanzhou University]
耿侃,张振春.1988.内蒙古达来诺尔地区全新世湖群地貌特征及其演化.北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),(4):94-101.[Geng K,Zhang Z C.1988.The geomorphic characteristics and evolution of the lakes in Dalainuoer area of Neimenggu Plateau during the Holocene.Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),(4):94-101]
克什克腾旗地方志编纂委员会.1993.克什克腾旗志.内蒙古呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,97-106.[Compilatory Commission of Annals Banner.1993.Annals of Hexigten Banner.Inner Mongolia Hohhot:People's Press of Inner Mongolia,97-106]
李荣全,郑良美,朱国荣.1990.内蒙古高原湖泊与环境变迁.北京:北京师范大学出版社,1-219.[Li R Q,Zheng L M,Zhu G R.1990.Lakes and Environment in the Neimenggu Plateau.Beijing:Beijing Normal University Press,1-219]
刘美萍.2013.全新世查干淖尔古湖面波动与环境演化.内蒙古师范大学硕士学位论文.[Liu M P.2013.Holocene Paleolake Fluctuation and Environmental Evolution in Qehan Lake,Inner Mongolia.Master's Dissetation of Inner Mongolia Normal University]
沈吉,薛滨,吴敬禄,吴艳宏,刘兴起,羊向东,刘健,王苏民.2010.湖泊沉积与环境演化.北京:科学出版社,1-473.[Shen J,Xue B,Wu J L,Wu Y H,Liu X Q,Yang X D,Liu J,Wang S M.2010.Lake Sediment and Environment Evolution.Beijing:Science Press,1-473]
魏永明,宋春青.1992.内蒙古经棚古湖区新构造运动与湖泊演化.干旱区地理,15(4):34-41.[Wei Y M,Song C Q.1992.Neotectonic movement and lake evolution in Palaeo-Jingpeng Lake Area,Inner-Mongolia.Arid Land Geography,15(4):34-41]
杨志荣,宋春青.1989.内蒙古达来诺尔地区环境演变与国土整治研究.内蒙古师范大学学报,(4):40-47.[Yang Z R,Song C Q.1989.The studies of the environmental changes of the Dalainor Lake Area in Inner-Mongolia.Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University:(4):40-47]
甄志磊,李畅游,李文宝,胡其图,刘晓旭,刘志娇,于瑞雪.2014.内蒙古达里诺尔湖流域地表水和地下水环境同位素特征及补给关系.湖泊科学,26(6):916-922.[Zhen Z L,Li C Y,Li W B,Hu QT,Liu X X,Liu Z J,Yu R X.2014.Characteristics of environmental isotopes of surface water and groundwater and their recharge relationship in Lake Dali basin.Journal of Lake Sciences,26(6):916-922]
甄志磊,张生,史小红,孙标.2013.基于遥感技术的达里诺尔湖湖面演化研究.中国农村水利水电,(7):6-9.[Zhen Z L,Zhang S,Shi X H,Sun B.2013.Research on the evolution of Dali Lake Area based on the remote sensing technology.China Rural Water and Hydropower,(7):6-9]
Bartov Y,Stein M,Enzel Y,Agnon A,Reches Z.2002.Lake levels and sequence stratigraphy of Lake Lisan,the Late Pleistocene precursor of the Dead Sea.Quaternary Research,57(1):9-21.
Dong J G,Wang Y J,Cheng H,Hardt B,Edwards R L,Kong X G,Wu JY,Chen S T,Liu D B,Jiang X Y.2010.A high-resolution stalagmite record of the Holocene East Asian monsoon from Mt Shennongjia,central China.The Holocene,20:257-264.
Dykoski C A,Edwards R L,Cheng H,Yuan D X,Cai Y J,Zhang M L,Lin Y S,Qing J,An Z S,Revenaugh J.2005.A high-resolution,absolute-dated Holocene and deglacial Asian monsoon record from Dongge Cave,China.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,233:71-86.
Jiang W Y,Guo Z T,Sun X J,Wu H B,Chu G Q,Yuan B Y,HattéC,Guiot J.2006.Reconstruction of climate and vegetation changes of Lake Bayanchagan(Inner Mongolia):Holocene variability of the East Asian monsoon.Quaternary Research,65:411-420.
Liu J,Wang Y,Li T D,Tian F,Yang J S.2016.Comparison of grainsize distributions between nearshores sections and a deep-water sediment core from Dali Lake,North China,and inferred Holocene Lakelevel changes.Journal of Paleolimnology,56(2-3):123-135.
Liu S Z,Deng C L,Xiao J L,Li J H,Paterson G A,Chang L,Yi L,Qin HF,Pan Y X,Zhu R X.2015.Insolation driven biomagnetic response to the Holocene Warm Period in semi-arid East Asia.Scientific Reports,5:8001.
Machlus M,Enzel Y,Goldstein S L,Marco S,Stein M.2000.Reconstructing low levels of Lake Lisan by correlating fan-delta and lacustrine deposits.Quaternary International,73-74:137-144.
Ramsey C B.2009.Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates.Radiocarbon,51:337-360.
Reheis M C,Adams K D,Oviatt C G,Bacon S N.2014.Pluvial lakes in the Great Basin of the western United States:A view from the outcrop.Quaternary Science Reviews,97:33-57.
Reimer P J,Bard E,Bayliss A,Beck J W,Blackwell P G,Ramsey C B,Buck C E,Cheng H,Edwards R L,Friedrich M.2013.IntC al13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0-50,000 years cal BP.Radiocarbon,55:1869-1887.
Tang L,Wang X S,Zhang S Q,Chu G Q,Chen Y,Pei J L,Sheng M,Yang Z Y.2015.High-resolution magnetic and palynological records of the last deglaciation and Holocene from Lake Xiarinur in the Hunshandake Sandy Land,Inner Mongolia.The Holocene,25(5):844-856.
Wang H Y,Liu H Y,Liu Y H,Cui H T.2004.Mineral magnetism of lacustrine sediments and Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes in Dali Nor area,southeast Inner Mongolia Plateau,China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,208(3-4):175-193.
Wang H Y,Liu H Y,Zhao F J,Yin Y,Zhu J L,Snowball I.2012.Earlyand mid-Holocene palaeoenvironments as revealed by mineral magnetic,geochemical and palynological data of sediments from Bai Nuur and Ulan Nuur,southeastern inner Mongolia Plateau,China.Quaternary International,250:100-118.
Wang H Y,Liu H Y,Zhu J L,Yin Y.2010.Holocene environmental changes as recorded by mineral magnetism of sediments from Angulinuur Lake,southeastern Inner Mongolia Plateau,China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,285:30-49.
Wen R L,Xiao J L,Chang Z G,Zhai D Y,Xu Q H,Li Y C,Itoh S,Lomtatidze Z.2010.Holocene climate changes in the mid-high-latitude-monsoon margin reflected by the pollen record from Hulun Lake,northeastern Inner Mongolia.Quaternary Research,73:293-303.
Xiao J L,Chang Z G,Si B,Qin X G,Itoh S,Lomtatidze Z.2009.Partitioning of the grain-size components of Dali Lake core sediments:Evidence for lake-level changes during the Holocene.Journal of Paleolimnology,42:249-260.
Xiao J L,Si B,Zhai D Y,Itoh S,Lomtatidze Z.2008.Hydrology of Dali Lake in central-eastern Inner Mongolia and Holocene East Asian monsoon variability.Journal of Paleolimnology,40:519-528.
Xiao J L,Xu Q H,Nakamura T,Yang X L,Liang W D,Inouchi Y.2004.Holocene vegetation variation in the Daihai Lake region of north-central China:A direct indication of the Asian monsoon climatic history.Quaternary Science Reviews,23:1669-1679.
Yang X P,Scuderi L A,Wang X L,Scuderi L J,Zhang D G,Li H W,Forman S,Xu Q H,Wang R C,Huang W W,Yang S X.2015.Groundwater sapping as the cause of irreversible desertification of Hunshandake Sandy Lands,Inner Mongolia,northern China.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,112:702-706.
Yin Y,Liu H Y,He S Y,Zhao F J,Zhu J L,Wang H Y,Liu G,Wu X C.2011.Patterns of local and regional grain size distribution and their application to Holocene climate reconstruction in semi-arid Inner Mongolia,China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,307:168-176.
Zhang H C,Peng J L,Ma Y Z,Chen G J,Feng Z D,Li B,Fan H F,Chang F Q,Lei G L,Wünnemann B.2004.Late Quaternary palaeolake levels in Tengger Desert,NW China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,211(1-2):45-58.
Zhang J R,Lai Z P,Jia Y L.2012.Luminescence chronology for late Quaternary lake levels of enclosed Huangqihai lake in East Asian monsoon marginal area in northern China.Quaternary Geochronology,10:123-128.
春喜.2006.晚第四纪吉兰泰盐湖古湖面与环境变化研究.兰州大学博士学位论文.[Chun X.2006.Paleo-lake Level Variations of Jilantai Salt Lake and the Environment Changes since Late Quaternary.Doctoral Dissetation of Lanzhou University]
耿侃,张振春.1988.内蒙古达来诺尔地区全新世湖群地貌特征及其演化.北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),(4):94-101.[Geng K,Zhang Z C.1988.The geomorphic characteristics and evolution of the lakes in Dalainuoer area of Neimenggu Plateau during the Holocene.Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),(4):94-101]
克什克腾旗地方志编纂委员会.1993.克什克腾旗志.内蒙古呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,97-106.[Compilatory Commission of Annals Banner.1993.Annals of Hexigten Banner.Inner Mongolia Hohhot:People's Press of Inner Mongolia,97-106]
李荣全,郑良美,朱国荣.1990.内蒙古高原湖泊与环境变迁.北京:北京师范大学出版社,1-219.[Li R Q,Zheng L M,Zhu G R.1990.Lakes and Environment in the Neimenggu Plateau.Beijing:Beijing Normal University Press,1-219]
刘美萍.2013.全新世查干淖尔古湖面波动与环境演化.内蒙古师范大学硕士学位论文.[Liu M P.2013.Holocene Paleolake Fluctuation and Environmental Evolution in Qehan Lake,Inner Mongolia.Master's Dissetation of Inner Mongolia Normal University]
沈吉,薛滨,吴敬禄,吴艳宏,刘兴起,羊向东,刘健,王苏民.2010.湖泊沉积与环境演化.北京:科学出版社,1-473.[Shen J,Xue B,Wu J L,Wu Y H,Liu X Q,Yang X D,Liu J,Wang S M.2010.Lake Sediment and Environment Evolution.Beijing:Science Press,1-473]
魏永明,宋春青.1992.内蒙古经棚古湖区新构造运动与湖泊演化.干旱区地理,15(4):34-41.[Wei Y M,Song C Q.1992.Neotectonic movement and lake evolution in Palaeo-Jingpeng Lake Area,Inner-Mongolia.Arid Land Geography,15(4):34-41]
杨志荣,宋春青.1989.内蒙古达来诺尔地区环境演变与国土整治研究.内蒙古师范大学学报,(4):40-47.[Yang Z R,Song C Q.1989.The studies of the environmental changes of the Dalainor Lake Area in Inner-Mongolia.Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University:(4):40-47]
甄志磊,李畅游,李文宝,胡其图,刘晓旭,刘志娇,于瑞雪.2014.内蒙古达里诺尔湖流域地表水和地下水环境同位素特征及补给关系.湖泊科学,26(6):916-922.[Zhen Z L,Li C Y,Li W B,Hu QT,Liu X X,Liu Z J,Yu R X.2014.Characteristics of environmental isotopes of surface water and groundwater and their recharge relationship in Lake Dali basin.Journal of Lake Sciences,26(6):916-922]
甄志磊,张生,史小红,孙标.2013.基于遥感技术的达里诺尔湖湖面演化研究.中国农村水利水电,(7):6-9.[Zhen Z L,Zhang S,Shi X H,Sun B.2013.Research on the evolution of Dali Lake Area based on the remote sensing technology.China Rural Water and Hydropower,(7):6-9]
Bartov Y,Stein M,Enzel Y,Agnon A,Reches Z.2002.Lake levels and sequence stratigraphy of Lake Lisan,the Late Pleistocene precursor of the Dead Sea.Quaternary Research,57(1):9-21.
Dong J G,Wang Y J,Cheng H,Hardt B,Edwards R L,Kong X G,Wu JY,Chen S T,Liu D B,Jiang X Y.2010.A high-resolution stalagmite record of the Holocene East Asian monsoon from Mt Shennongjia,central China.The Holocene,20:257-264.
Dykoski C A,Edwards R L,Cheng H,Yuan D X,Cai Y J,Zhang M L,Lin Y S,Qing J,An Z S,Revenaugh J.2005.A high-resolution,absolute-dated Holocene and deglacial Asian monsoon record from Dongge Cave,China.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,233:71-86.
Jiang W Y,Guo Z T,Sun X J,Wu H B,Chu G Q,Yuan B Y,HattéC,Guiot J.2006.Reconstruction of climate and vegetation changes of Lake Bayanchagan(Inner Mongolia):Holocene variability of the East Asian monsoon.Quaternary Research,65:411-420.
Liu J,Wang Y,Li T D,Tian F,Yang J S.2016.Comparison of grainsize distributions between nearshores sections and a deep-water sediment core from Dali Lake,North China,and inferred Holocene Lakelevel changes.Journal of Paleolimnology,56(2-3):123-135.
Liu S Z,Deng C L,Xiao J L,Li J H,Paterson G A,Chang L,Yi L,Qin HF,Pan Y X,Zhu R X.2015.Insolation driven biomagnetic response to the Holocene Warm Period in semi-arid East Asia.Scientific Reports,5:8001.
Machlus M,Enzel Y,Goldstein S L,Marco S,Stein M.2000.Reconstructing low levels of Lake Lisan by correlating fan-delta and lacustrine deposits.Quaternary International,73-74:137-144.
Ramsey C B.2009.Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates.Radiocarbon,51:337-360.
Reheis M C,Adams K D,Oviatt C G,Bacon S N.2014.Pluvial lakes in the Great Basin of the western United States:A view from the outcrop.Quaternary Science Reviews,97:33-57.
Reimer P J,Bard E,Bayliss A,Beck J W,Blackwell P G,Ramsey C B,Buck C E,Cheng H,Edwards R L,Friedrich M.2013.IntC al13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0-50,000 years cal BP.Radiocarbon,55:1869-1887.
Tang L,Wang X S,Zhang S Q,Chu G Q,Chen Y,Pei J L,Sheng M,Yang Z Y.2015.High-resolution magnetic and palynological records of the last deglaciation and Holocene from Lake Xiarinur in the Hunshandake Sandy Land,Inner Mongolia.The Holocene,25(5):844-856.
Wang H Y,Liu H Y,Liu Y H,Cui H T.2004.Mineral magnetism of lacustrine sediments and Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes in Dali Nor area,southeast Inner Mongolia Plateau,China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,208(3-4):175-193.
Wang H Y,Liu H Y,Zhao F J,Yin Y,Zhu J L,Snowball I.2012.Earlyand mid-Holocene palaeoenvironments as revealed by mineral magnetic,geochemical and palynological data of sediments from Bai Nuur and Ulan Nuur,southeastern inner Mongolia Plateau,China.Quaternary International,250:100-118.
Wang H Y,Liu H Y,Zhu J L,Yin Y.2010.Holocene environmental changes as recorded by mineral magnetism of sediments from Angulinuur Lake,southeastern Inner Mongolia Plateau,China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,285:30-49.
Wen R L,Xiao J L,Chang Z G,Zhai D Y,Xu Q H,Li Y C,Itoh S,Lomtatidze Z.2010.Holocene climate changes in the mid-high-latitude-monsoon margin reflected by the pollen record from Hulun Lake,northeastern Inner Mongolia.Quaternary Research,73:293-303.
Xiao J L,Chang Z G,Si B,Qin X G,Itoh S,Lomtatidze Z.2009.Partitioning of the grain-size components of Dali Lake core sediments:Evidence for lake-level changes during the Holocene.Journal of Paleolimnology,42:249-260.
Xiao J L,Si B,Zhai D Y,Itoh S,Lomtatidze Z.2008.Hydrology of Dali Lake in central-eastern Inner Mongolia and Holocene East Asian monsoon variability.Journal of Paleolimnology,40:519-528.
Xiao J L,Xu Q H,Nakamura T,Yang X L,Liang W D,Inouchi Y.2004.Holocene vegetation variation in the Daihai Lake region of north-central China:A direct indication of the Asian monsoon climatic history.Quaternary Science Reviews,23:1669-1679.
Yang X P,Scuderi L A,Wang X L,Scuderi L J,Zhang D G,Li H W,Forman S,Xu Q H,Wang R C,Huang W W,Yang S X.2015.Groundwater sapping as the cause of irreversible desertification of Hunshandake Sandy Lands,Inner Mongolia,northern China.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,112:702-706.
Yin Y,Liu H Y,He S Y,Zhao F J,Zhu J L,Wang H Y,Liu G,Wu X C.2011.Patterns of local and regional grain size distribution and their application to Holocene climate reconstruction in semi-arid Inner Mongolia,China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,307:168-176.
Zhang H C,Peng J L,Ma Y Z,Chen G J,Feng Z D,Li B,Fan H F,Chang F Q,Lei G L,Wünnemann B.2004.Late Quaternary palaeolake levels in Tengger Desert,NW China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,211(1-2):45-58.
Zhang J R,Lai Z P,Jia Y L.2012.Luminescence chronology for late Quaternary lake levels of enclosed Huangqihai lake in East Asian monsoon marginal area in northern China.Quaternary Geochronology,10:123-128.