综合物探方法在淮河滨河浅滩岩溶塌陷调查中的应用研究
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摘要
淮南市八公山区原肥皂厂近些年出现大规模的岩溶塌陷地质灾害,为了查明该调查区地下溶洞、裂隙管道等不良地质体的发育位置,笔者采用高密度电测深法、音频大地电磁法和地震折射法对塌陷区进行野外实验研究,研究结果显示:受滨河浅滩第四系淤泥低阻覆盖层的影响,高密度电测深法和音频大地电磁法测量的视电阻率值偏小,普遍小于200Ω·m,对低阻异常体识别度很低,很难通过视电阻值大小来准确判定基岩与低阻异常体之间的相对空间位置,相比之下,地震折射法受低阻覆盖层的影响较小,覆盖层与基岩之间纵波速度相差很大,实验得出,河床淤泥层纵波速度小于1000 m/s,第四系含砂黏土层纵波速度在1000～2200 m/s之间,基岩纵波速度大于3000 m/s,基岩与覆盖层之间的溶蚀层位纵波速度介于2200～3000 m/s之间.研究结果表明,在滨河浅滩第四系淤泥层等低阻覆盖层的影响下,高密度电测深法和音频大地电磁法测量的视电阻率值偏小,仅仅依靠视电阻率值来判定基岩与低阻异常体之间的相对空间位置不够严谨,在此基础上采用地震折射法,利用基岩、低阻覆盖层与溶蚀层之间的纵波速度差异,能够更加准确的划分并圈定覆盖层、溶蚀层和基岩面的空间位置.
In recent years, large-scale karst collapse occurred in the original soap factory of Bagongshan District, Huainan City. In order to find out the developmental position of underground karst caves and fractured pipeline in this investigation area, the author adopts high density resistivity method, audio magnetotellurics method and seismic refraction survey to conduct field experiments in the collapse area. The results show that the apparent resistivity measured by high density resistivity method and audio magnetotellurics method is small, generally less than 200 Ω·m, under the influence of low resistance overburden of Quaternary alluvium in riverside shoal. The resolution capability of low resistivity anomalous body is very low, it is difficult to accurately determine the relative spatial position between bedrock and low resistance anomalous body by apparent resistivity value. In contrast, seismic refraction survey is less affected by low resistance overburden. The compressional velocity differs greatly between the overburden and the bedrock. The experiments show that the compressional velocity of apparent resistivity measured by high density resistivity method and audio magnetotellurics method is small under the influence of low resistance overburden such as Quaternary alluvium of riverside shoal. It is not rigorous enough to judge the relative space position between bedrock and low resistivity anomalous body only by apparent resistivity value. It is more accurate to divide and delineate their space position by the difference of compressional velocity among overburden, corrosion layer and bedrock on the basis of adopting seismic refraction survey.
In recent years, large-scale karst collapse occurred in the original soap factory of Bagongshan District, Huainan City. In order to find out the developmental position of underground karst caves and fractured pipeline in this investigation area, the author adopts high density resistivity method, audio magnetotellurics method and seismic refraction survey to conduct field experiments in the collapse area. The results show that the apparent resistivity measured by high density resistivity method and audio magnetotellurics method is small, generally less than 200 Ω·m, under the influence of low resistance overburden of Quaternary alluvium in riverside shoal. The resolution capability of low resistivity anomalous body is very low, it is difficult to accurately determine the relative spatial position between bedrock and low resistance anomalous body by apparent resistivity value. In contrast, seismic refraction survey is less affected by low resistance overburden. The compressional velocity differs greatly between the overburden and the bedrock. The experiments show that the compressional velocity of apparent resistivity measured by high density resistivity method and audio magnetotellurics method is small under the influence of low resistance overburden such as Quaternary alluvium of riverside shoal. It is not rigorous enough to judge the relative space position between bedrock and low resistivity anomalous body only by apparent resistivity value. It is more accurate to divide and delineate their space position by the difference of compressional velocity among overburden, corrosion layer and bedrock on the basis of adopting seismic refraction survey.
引文
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Xiong Z T, Zhao D J, Wen M X, et al. 2014. The application of comprehensive geophysical prospecting in karst collapse investigation, Wuhan city[J]. Resources Environment & Engineering (in Chinese), 28(2): 188-192.
Xu J S, Deng B. 2012. Application of synthetical geophysical method to ground collapse zone research of Baoding Xiangyang village[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Harzard and Control (in chinese), 23(4): 99-103.
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Chen Y L, Han K, Chen Y X, et al. 2015. The application of CSAMT in karst collapse investigation[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 30(6): 2616-2622, doi: 10.6038/pg20150620.
Chen Y X. 1995. The effect of application of ground microgravity survey to geological hazard exploration[J]. Carsologica Sinica (in Chinese), 14(2): 176-185.
Chen Y X, Gan F P, Lu C J, et al. 2013. The self-potential method and its application in karst collapses[J]. Carsologica Sinica (in Chinese), 32(4): 480- 486.
Gan F P, Han K, Lan F N, et al. 2017. Multi-geophysical approaches to detect karst channels underground-a case study in Mengzi of Yunnan Province, China[J]. J. Appl. Geophys, 136: 91-98, doi: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2016.10.036.
Gao Z J, Ma H H, Wang M, et al. 2009. Preliminary analysis on forecasting model of karst collapse[J]. THE CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOLOGICAL HAZARD AND CONTROL (in Chinese), 20(4): 66-71, doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.2009.04.008.
Guo D D, Zhao L H, Gao Z J. 2011. High-density electrical method used in the application of karst collapse of Taian,Yanglou-Jiuxian[J]. UNDERGROUND Water (in Chinese), 33(2): 108-110.
He K Q, Wang B, Wan J T. 2002. Study on forming mechanism of Zaozhuang karst collapse and collapse model[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics (in Chinese), 23(5): 564-569, doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2002.05.008.
He Y, Deng Z, Zhou L, et al. 2013. The application of integrated geophysical methods to surface collapse exploration in Yuejiaqiao[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics (in Chinese), 10(6): 814-821.
Jiang X Z. 2008. Integrated research for karst soil-void(sinkhole collapse)hazard of linear engineering[Ph.D. thesis]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences (in Chinese).
Jin X W, Chen Z H, Zeng B, et al. 2013. Preliminary thinking of quantitative research on the mechanism of karst collapse[J]. Carsologica Sinica (in Chinese), 32(4): 437- 446.
Kaufmann G. 2014. Geophysical mapping of solution and collapse sinkholes[J]. J. Appl. Geophys, 111: 271-288, doi: 10.1016/j.jappg eo.2014.10.011.
Kaufmann G, Romanov D. 2016. Structure and evolution of collapse sinkholes: combined interpretation from physico-chemical modeling and geophysical field work[J]. J. Hydrol, 540: 688-698, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydr ol.2016.06.050.
Lei M T, Jiang X Z, Li Y. 2002. New advances in karst collapse research in China[J]. Environmental Geology, 42(5): 462- 468.
Lei M T, Jiang X Z, Li Y. 2002. Study on the simulation, assessment and management method of karst collapse[J]. J. Geol. Hazards Environ. Preserv. (in Chinese), 13(1): 18-22.
Liu J M, Zheng W Z. 2002. Neotectonic fault control on karst sinking in Laiwu iron ore field[J]. Contrib. Geol. Miner. Resour. Res. (in Chinese), 17(4): 282-286.
Liu W, Gan F P, Zhang W, et al. 2015. Application of geophysical prospecting to karst collapse in red bed area[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 30(6): 2923-2930, doi: 10.6038/pg20150661.
Liu W, Gan F P, Zhao W, et al. 2014. Application analysis of combining high density resistivity and microtremor survey methods in areas of karst collapse: A case study of the collapse in Jili village, Laibin, Guangxi[J]. Carsologica Sinica (in Chinese), 33(1): 118-122.
Liu Y F, Wang Z T, Gao F, et al. 2012. Analysis on characteristics and origins of Karst collapse in Quanhe area of Laiwu city[J]. Land and Resources in Shangdong Province (in Chinese), 28(9): 18-20.
Pierre T, Nicole D, Ardnand B. 2005. Geophysical and geological characterisation of karst hazards in urban environments: application to Orléans[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment (in France), 64(2): 139-150.
Qian H T, Wang S J, Yan F Z, et.al. 2011. Interconnection of karst systems and flow piracy through karst collapse in layered carbonate rocks[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 64(6): 1563-1574.
Wang Y L. 2016. Research on influential factors of the karst collapse in the Tai-Lai Basin of Shandong Province[J]. Carsologica Sin. (in Chinese), 35(1): 60-66, doi: 10.11932/karst20160109.
Wang Y L, Chen W Q, Jiang X Z, et al. 2015. Development features and formation mechanisms of karst collapses in the Tai-Lai Basin, Shandong Province[J]. Carsologica Sin. (in Chinese), 34(5): 495-506, doi: 10.11932/karst201515y01.
Xiao M G. 2005. The forming mechanism and foreast of fatalness about karst subsidence in Guilin City[Ph.D. thesis]. Changchun: Jilin University (in Chinese).
Xiong Z T, Zhao D J, Wen M X, et al. 2014. The application of comprehensive geophysical prospecting in karst collapse investigation, Wuhan city[J]. Resources Environment & Engineering (in Chinese), 28(2): 188-192.
Xu J S, Deng B. 2012. Application of synthetical geophysical method to ground collapse zone research of Baoding Xiangyang village[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Harzard and Control (in chinese), 23(4): 99-103.
Xu W G, Zhao G R. 1981. The implication of suction action for ground subsidence in karst mining areas[J]. Geol. Rev. (in chinese), 27(2): 174-180, doi: 10.16509/j. georeview.1981.02.014.
Yu Q C, Shen J F. 1991. On mechanism of karst collapse[J]. J. Geol. Hazard Control (in Chinese), 2(1): 97-102, doi: 10.16031 /j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.1991.01.012.
Zhang J G, Xia X Y, Wang H S, et al. 2011. Application effect of comprehensive geophysical method in karst collapse area[J]. Site investigation Science and Technology (in Chinese), (1): 56-68.
Zhang W, Gan F P, Liang D H, et al. 2016. Application of microtremor exploration in quick inspection of overburden layer thickness in karst collapse area[J]. Yangtze River (in Chinese), 47(24): 51-54.
Zhang W, Gan F P, Liang D H, et al. 2018. Joint inference of multi-channel transient surface wave method and microtremor method to investigate the structure and thickness of the overburden layer in the typical area of karst collapse[J]. Carsologica Sinica (in Chinese), 37(2): 272-279.
Zheng Z J, Ao W L, Zeng J, et al. 2017a. Application of integrated geophysical methods to karst collapse investigation in the Sijiao village near Liuzhou[J]. Hydrogeology & Engieering Geology (in chinese), 44(5): 143-149.
Zheng Z J, Zhang W, Zeng J, et al. 2017b. Application research of integrated geophysical methods to karst seepage investigation in carbonaceous limestone reservoir area[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 32(5): 2268-2273, doi: 10.6038/pg20170558.
Zhou W F. 1997. The formation of sinkholes in karst mining areas in China and some methods of prevention[J]. Environ Geol., 31(1-2): 50-58, doi: 10.1007/s002540050163.
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