青贮玉米高产制种技术措施模型的研究与应用
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摘要
为了提高青贮玉米制种产量,采用5因素二次正交旋转组合设计,研究玉米品种豫青贮23施肥量、播期、密度、多效唑用量、人工辅助授粉次数与制种产量的关系,建立高产制种技术措施数学模型。结果表明,5个制种技术措施对产量的贡献率表现为密度>人工辅助授粉次数>施肥量>多效唑用量>播期。在中等肥力条件下,经模型分析,制种产量达6 500 kg/hm~2以上的优化方案为:施N 256.3～284.9 kg/hm~2、P_2O_5 139.8～155.4 kg/hm~2、K_2O 174.8～194.3 kg/hm~2,播期4月12—13日,密度9.29万～9.65万株/hm~2,多效唑627.0～729.0 g/hm~2,人工辅助授粉2.3～2.6次。
In order to increase the seed production yield of silage maize,the relationships between seed production yield and the fertilizer application amount,sowing date,density,spraying amount of paclobutrazol and times of artificial pollination of Yuqingzhu 23 were studied by means of quadratic orthogonal rotation design with five factors,and the mathematical model of technical measures for high-yielding seed production was established.The results indicated that the order of contribution rate of the five kinds of technical measures for seed yield was density>times of artificial pollination>fertilizer application amount>spraying amount of paclobutrazol>sowing date.Under medium fertility conditions,the optimization scheme of seed production yield over 6 500 kg/ha was that the application amount of N was 256.3—284.9 kg/ha,the application amount of P_2O_5 was 139.8—155.4 kg/ha,the application amount of K_2O was 174.8—194.3 kg/ha,the sowing date was from April 12 to 13,the density was 92 900—96 500 plants per ha,the application amount of paclobutrazol was 627.0—729.0 g/ha,and the times of artificial pollination were 2.3—2.6 times through the model analysis.
In order to increase the seed production yield of silage maize,the relationships between seed production yield and the fertilizer application amount,sowing date,density,spraying amount of paclobutrazol and times of artificial pollination of Yuqingzhu 23 were studied by means of quadratic orthogonal rotation design with five factors,and the mathematical model of technical measures for high-yielding seed production was established.The results indicated that the order of contribution rate of the five kinds of technical measures for seed yield was density>times of artificial pollination>fertilizer application amount>spraying amount of paclobutrazol>sowing date.Under medium fertility conditions,the optimization scheme of seed production yield over 6 500 kg/ha was that the application amount of N was 256.3—284.9 kg/ha,the application amount of P_2O_5 was 139.8—155.4 kg/ha,the application amount of K_2O was 174.8—194.3 kg/ha,the sowing date was from April 12 to 13,the density was 92 900—96 500 plants per ha,the application amount of paclobutrazol was 627.0—729.0 g/ha,and the times of artificial pollination were 2.3—2.6 times through the model analysis.
引文
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[3] 张慎举,汤向东,侯乐新.夏玉米制种氮肥施用量及追施方式的研究[J].土壤肥料,1991(4):44-46.
[4] 任利沙,顾日良,贾光耀,等.灌浆期控水和施用控释肥对杂交玉米制种产量和种子质量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(16):3108-3118.
[5] 王婵,赵向田,李永生,等.灌水量及覆膜对河西地区制种玉米产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(8):25-30.
[6] 茆诗松,丁元,吕乃刚,等.回归分析及试验设计[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,1981:191-219.
[7] 徐中儒.农业试验最优回归设计[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1988:387-397.
[8] 苏天增,侯乐新,李国现,等.直播夏花生高产施肥模型及参数研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2004,38(3):271-274.