北京西山地区下苇甸剖面寒武系张夏组鲕粒硅化成因探讨
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摘要
鲕粒作为碳酸盐岩中非常重要的指相颗粒,其研究主要集中在成因上面,而成岩作用研究较少。北京西山地区下苇甸剖面寒武系张夏组发育大套鲕粒灰岩,通过对该剖面野外实测、薄片观察、XRD测试等手段,结合有机碳、热解等地化参数,对鲕粒的硅化机制及其硅质来源做了系统的研究。结果表明,鲕粒溶蚀再沉淀或者新生变形作用造成鲕粒边缘有机质富集,有机质演化释放的有机酸是硅质沉淀的主要因素,硅质来源主要为陆源输入和黏土矿物的转化。由于有机质主要富集在鲕粒边缘,形成有机质膜,从而造成硅质的沉淀主要沿鲕粒边缘发生,形成鲕粒边缘特有的硅化套,这种结果也从侧面反映了微生物在原始鲕粒形成中发挥了重要作用。
As one type of important facies-incaditing grains in carbonate rocks,previous studies on ooids mainly focused on their origin,and there are few studies on diagenetic alternations of ooids. The Cambrian Zhangxia Formation at the Xiaweidian section in Western Hills of Beijing is characterized by a thick succession of oolitic limestone. In this paper,based on outcrop and thin-section observation and combined with geochemical data such as XRD,organic carbon and pyrolysis,we described the features of silicfied oolites,discussed the sources of silica and provided a silicification mechanism. The results show that the dissolution and refilling or neomorphism of ooids resulted in enrichment of organic matter at the ed-ges of the ooids,and the organic acids,released from evolution of organic matter,are the main controlling factors for siliceous precipitation. Silica mainly derives from input of the terrestrial siliciclastics and transformation of clay minerals. Due to the concentration of organic matters and formation of the organic membranes at the edges of the ooids,silica precipitation mainly occurred along the edges of the ooids,forming a specific silicified sheath along ooid edges. The result also suggests that microbes played an important role in the formation of ooids.
As one type of important facies-incaditing grains in carbonate rocks,previous studies on ooids mainly focused on their origin,and there are few studies on diagenetic alternations of ooids. The Cambrian Zhangxia Formation at the Xiaweidian section in Western Hills of Beijing is characterized by a thick succession of oolitic limestone. In this paper,based on outcrop and thin-section observation and combined with geochemical data such as XRD,organic carbon and pyrolysis,we described the features of silicfied oolites,discussed the sources of silica and provided a silicification mechanism. The results show that the dissolution and refilling or neomorphism of ooids resulted in enrichment of organic matter at the ed-ges of the ooids,and the organic acids,released from evolution of organic matter,are the main controlling factors for siliceous precipitation. Silica mainly derives from input of the terrestrial siliciclastics and transformation of clay minerals. Due to the concentration of organic matters and formation of the organic membranes at the edges of the ooids,silica precipitation mainly occurred along the edges of the ooids,forming a specific silicified sheath along ooid edges. The result also suggests that microbes played an important role in the formation of ooids.
引文
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姜楠,范凌霄,刘卉,刘志远,梅冰.2013.普光气田滩相储层特征及白云化成因.天然气地球科学,24(5):923-930.[Jiang N,Fan L X,Liu H,Liu Z Y,Mei B.2013.Characteristics of the reef flat facies reservior in the Puguang Gasfield and the origin of dolomitization.Natural Gas Geoscience,24(5):923-930]
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景宇轩,刘建波,闫振,孙永超,许振清.2015.利用风暴沉积类型恢复海平面变化:以北京西山下苇甸剖面寒武纪中晚期风暴沉积为例.古地理学报,17(5):653-668.[Jing Y X,Liu J B,Yan Z,Sun Y C,Xu Z Q.2015.Reconstructing sea-level changes from types of storm deposits:An example of the middle and late Cambrian at Xiaweidian Section of Western Hills,Beijing.Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),17(5):653-668]
康世龙,邵龙义,易琦,赵晓峰,许文茂,鲁静.2016.京西下苇甸地区寒武系岩石特征及沉积环境研究.中国煤炭地质,28(6):1-8.[Kang S L,Shao L Y,Yi Q,Zhao X F,Xu W M,Lu J.2016.Study on Cambrian petrology and sedimentary environment in Xiaweidian area,Western Beijing.Coal Geology of China,28(6):1-8]
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梁薇,牟传龙,周恳恳,葛祥英,陈超,徐鹏辉.2015.中上扬子地区寒武纪第三世-芙蓉世古地理.古地理学报,17(2):172-185.[Liang W,Mou C L,Zhou K K,Ge X Y,Chen C,Xu P H.2015.Palaeogeography of the Cambrian Epoch 3-Furongian in the Middle and Upper Yangtze region.Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),17(2):172-185]
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梅冥相,梅仕龙.1997.华北中寒武世张夏组复合海平面变化旋回层序.沉积学报,15(4):7-12.[Mei M X,Mei S L.1997.Cycl icsequences of composite sea-level change developed in Zhangxia Formation of Middle-Cambrian in North-China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,15(4):7-12]
莫静,王兴志,谢林,何施雨,梁静,李加利,敖梅,何川.2013.四川盆地碳酸盐岩中硅质特征及其对储层的影响.地质找矿论丛,28(3):419-423.[Mo J,Wang X Z,Xie L,He S Y,Liang J,Li JL,Ao M,He C.2013.Characteristics of silica in carbonate rocks of Sichuan Basin and the impaction to reservoir.Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,28(3):419-423]
苏立萍,罗平,胡社荣,罗忠,刘柳红,房小荣.2004.川东北罗家寨气田下三叠统飞仙关组鲕粒滩成岩作用.古地理学报,6(2):182-190.[Su L P,Luo P,Hu S R,Luo Z,Liu L H,Fang X R.2004.Diagenesis of oolitic bank of the Feixianguan Formation of Lower Triassic in Luojiazhai Gas Field,northeastern Sichuan Province.Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),6(2):182-190]
唐朝晖,曾允孚.1990.西秦岭中志留统含铀岩系中硅质岩的岩石学、地球化学及其成因.岩石学报,6(2):62-71.[Tang Z H,Zeng Y F.1990.Petrology,geochemistry and origin of cherts in the uraniferous formations,Middle Silurian West Qinling Range.Acta Petrologica Sinica,6(2):62-71]
王恕一,蒋小琼,管宏林,鲍云杰.2010.川东北普光气田鲕粒白云岩储层粒内溶孔的成因.沉积学报,28(1):10-16.[Wang S Y,Jiang X Q,Guan H L,Bao Y J.2010.Origin of intragranular dissolution pores of oolite dolomite reservoirs in Puguan Gasfield,northeastern Sichuan Province.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,28(1):10-16]
王英华,杨承运,张秀莲.1983.鲕粒的结构变化与成岩作用性质和强度的关系.沉积学报,1(2):77-87.[Wang Y H,Yang C Y,Zhang X L.1983.Relationship between the changes of ooidal texture and the property and strength of diagenesis.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1(2):77-87]
邢延路,冯李强.2015.北京西山下苇甸剖面寒武系徐庄组鲕粒研究.古地理学报,17(4):517-528.[Xing Y L,Feng L Q.2015.Astudy on ooids in limestones of the Cambrian Xuzhuang Formation at Xiaweidian outcrop in Western Hill of Beijing.Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),17(4):517-528]
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